Philosophy and Christian education relate because both address life‟s basic questions like meaning of life, nature of morality, worth of knowledge, et cetera. Christian education is concerned with philosophy in that it seeks to know truths about God, about man and how to communicate those truths to others. Philosophy and theology are closely tied. While philosophy derives its nature and structure from human categories, “theology derives its structure and nature from the events of revelation of God in His Word.” From one hand, “revelation must be recognized as sources from which truth and meaning are gained; and on the other hand, as “principles of clear thinking [it] must be applied to the interpretation of God‟s revelation as found in the Bible and in nature” (Exploring Christian education). A personal philosophy of Christian education in this write-up is based on my faith and convictions as a Christian.

Strengthening Character Education is a program implemented by Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Gorontalo Regency needed in order to develop and support a character education strengthening program implemented by the central government and regional governments. The Gorontalo community always prioritizes moral values that lead to the development and fostering of community character. In the implementation of education having this philosophy is also used as a basis for standing. To encourage students' understanding of character development, what needs to be done is the application of character based education. The implementation of moral values applied in the School has a very close relationship in realizing human beings to have good personalities. Character education is an education that develops the noble character of students by practicing and teaching moral values and civilized decision making in relation to fellow human beings as well as in relation to God. The application of character-based education requires a character-based curriculum. To implement moral values for students so that they can realize the goals of character education by integrating into the curriculum, teaching staff, facilities and infrastructure, facilities, environment and learning.

This paper looks at the family from a Christian perspective within the contemporary society. Beginning with the biblical design of marriage, the author uses descriptive research design to discuss what the family is, describe what Christian marriage is and its purpose. She also examines the teaching of the Bible concerning marriage, the roles and responsibilities of both the husband and wife, the relationship between children and parents, and parents as role models in the home.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of physical facilities on effective management of public secondary schools in Uriri Sub-county, Migori County, Kenya. The research question was; How does thephysical facilitiescontribute to the management of public secondary schoolsin Uriri Sub-County, Migori County, Kenya? The study employed survey design. The study population included all head teachers, all PA chairpersons and all BOM members in the 18 public secondary schools. Purposive sampling was employed in the study. The sample therefore comprised of 18 principals, 18 PA chairpersons and 64 BOM members. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and interview guide. Four of the schools outside the study area was used in piloting the study to act as pre-test to the instruments of data collection to ensure their reliability. Face validity of the instruments was determined by three experts in the department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Rongo University Collegeand the impressions on the instruments improved based on the supervisors‟ advice before using them for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics in form of frequency counts, percentages. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that there was a problem in cooperation among the members caused by lack of team work and financial knowledge which was 51 (85.0%). It was recommended that the BOM members should be involved in regular financial training and budgeting.

This study sought to establish the influence of participation in games on academic achievement across gender in secondary schools in Rongo Sub-County. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlation designs. The study population included 50 head teachers, 50 games teachers and 2000 Form Four students. The sample size was as follows: 350 form four students participating in games, 175 boys and target population. 175 girls which was 33% of the Face validity of the instruments was determined by three experts in the department from Rongo University. Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instruments which was found to be 0.89 An independent t-test was performed to compare the academic achievement of girls and boys participating in games. The study found out that there was no significant difference in academic achievement among girls and boys participating in games (t 348) =0.752, p=0.453) moreover, the differences in academic achievement is however independent of the sex of the students. Girls who participate in games are likely to achieve just as much as boys who participate in games. The study concluded that Secondary schools need not discriminate on gender while participating in any games programs. The study recommended that all students should be encouraged to participate in games irrespective of their gender. The researcher paid keen attention to research ethical issues and got the informed consent of the respondents and guarded against plagiarism and ensured confidentiality.

The current wave of unrest among secondary schools students in Kenya is an indication of a serious problem in schools related to juvenile delinquency behaviours. For over two decades, this has been undermining the adolescents’ achievement and development. In this regard, juvenile delinquent behaviours have far reaching consequences; hence the present study sought to explore into the relationship between students’ indulgence in various delinquency behaviours and their academic achievement in Mumias sub-county, Kakemega County, Kenya. Specific objective for the study was to determine the elements of delinquent behaviours among secondary students. The study adopts Jessor's Problem Behaviour Theory (PBT) and ex post facto research design to explain the various study variables. The target population of this study was 54 secondary school deputy principals, 54 guidance and counselling teachers, 218 class teachers, 7548 form two and three students. The sample of the study consisted of 47 secondary school deputy principals, 47 guidance and counselling teachers, 139 class teachers and 365 form two and three students. Data was collected using questionnaire, observation schedules, interview schedules and document analysis.

This study aims to improve student motivation and learning outcomes by utilizing the Traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu game in learning Social Sciences (IPS). This research was conducted in the fifth grade of Gorontalo State University Laboratory Elementary School and was motivated by the condition of students who showed less student learning motivation and many learning outcomes were below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) because teachers often used the lecture method which tended to be monotonous and not used the game traditionsoanal Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu. This study uses Classroom Action Research methods with stages of planning, implementation, observation, analysis and reflection. The assessment used in this study is a test technique to determine student learning outcomes, assessment of student learning motivation through questionnaires and observation sheets to determine the activities of teachers and students during the learning process. The results of the study indicate an increase in the assessment of student motivation and learning outcomes. In the assessment of student learning outcomes cycle I completeness 45% with an average value of 74.50 while in cycle II completeness reached 80% with an average value of 83. This shows that the use of traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu games can increase motivation and learning outcomes students in social studies learning.

There is controversy over the use of mobile phones in schools not only in Zimbabwe but globally. The present study sought to explore the perceptions of parents and secondary school teachers towards the use of mobile phones in urban secondary schools. This study was qualitative and it employed a case study research design focusing on selected secondary schools in Marondera Urban, Zimbabwe. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling were used to select research participants who comprised of 30 parents and 10 secondary school teachers in Marondera Urban. Face to face semi-structured interviews were the main data gathering tool for this study. The findings of this study found out that both teachers and parents were certain of the benefits of the mobile phone as a pedagogical tool but they expressed reservations towards the use of mobile phones by learners in secondary schools. Teachers indicated that they mainly use mobile phones to communicate with the parents and not necessarily during the teaching process. Both parents and teachers were afraid of the potential negative consequences on learners‟ progress that could result from the abuse of mobile phones. The researchers therefore recommend that school administrators, parents, teachers and also other interested stakeholders should find ways of allowing the use of mobile phones in secondary schools as well as coming up with relevant policies to guide the use of the mobile phones in order to avert abuse of mobile phones.

This article endeavors to find out the distribution of the university academic staff in teaching and administration by gender in order to establish how promotions to higher academic ranks and appointments to administrative responsibilities were distributed across gender in Kenyan institutions of higher learning. The theoretical framework which guided this study was based on patriarchal ideology and the implied gender-based division of labour and how it has caused women's absence at top levels of educational teaching and management. The design of the study was mainly descriptive, employing oral interviews and documentary (content) analysis. The participants were drawn from two public universities: the University of Nairobi and Kenyatta University. These two universities were purposively selected for the study. Much of the information that was elicited through the interviews was transcribed into written texts by merging the notes taken and the recordings made during the interviews into a single coherent? These data were then organized, examined for completeness and relevancy, and then analysed qualitatively. The study found out that Women not only enter into the teaching profession at the university in small numbers but they also obtain promotion much less frequently compared to their male colleagues. Even where they are found in large numbers, their proportions are much lower than those of male academics. In addition, female academics are usually clustered in the faculties of Arts, Social Sciences and in Education. The common factor among these disciplines is that they lead to careers which have traditionally been known to attract women. The findings also revealed that few women academics have administrative responsibilities. The study results show that socio-cultural values and beliefs coupled with historical factors and the university administration, among other factors, have led to gender inequalities in Kenyan public universities. These factors have also led to the marginalization of women in the family, the school and the workplace. Thus to improve the female occupational status and representation in all sectors of life, this study calls for drastic changes in the Kenyan society to deal with customs and prejudices which have existed for a long time to the detriment of women.

This study aims to evaluate the empowerment of teacher working groups (KKG) in increasing the professionalism of primary school teachers in Gorontalo District. This study uses a context, input, process and product evaluation model. This research included evaluative research using the CIPP model. The study population was 50 pengurusa and members of the KKG in Gorontalo Regency, and all of them were used as research subjects. The research data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that context evaluation, through group empowerment, was carried out by communicating and consulting activities related to the preparation of work programs and planning programs to improve teacher professional competence. Evaluation of input, showing understanding of the objectives of the KKG activities reaching 92% and activeness of members at each KKG activity reaching 95%, work programs that become priors are activities related to learning administration, Process Evaluation, Implementation of the KKG involves the active role and support of principals, supervisors the education office provides the opportunity for teachers to take part in the KKG and gives permission to use school facilities as a means. Product Evaluation, achievement of learning administration is expected to improve to support teacher professionalism and learning effectiveness. Products produced from KKG activities are 80% the products that are produced are used to increase professionalism and improve student learning outcomes.

This research took the title of effect of anxiety and disposition on student mathematics learning achievement in medan state 28 junior high school, Indonesia. In this study, anxiety and disposition as independent variables and mathematics learning achievement as a dependent variable. Anxiety when learning mathematics owned by students tend to be influenced by the image of mathematics lessons that are already famous scary. This is because students recognize mathematics subjects are difficult subjects and complicated, so it triggers the fear of students to learn math and resulted in anxiety when faced with mathematics subjects. Contrary to that, mathematical disposition is a change in the tendency of students to see and behave towards mathematics, and to act when learning mathematics. For example, when students can solve non-routine problems, their attitudes and beliefs as a student become more positive. The more mathematical concepts are understood, the more sure the students that mathematics can be mastered. Mathematical disposition can also be interpreted as a desire, awareness and a strong dedication to students to learn math and carry out various mathematical activities. Based on the theory, that there are many factors that affect student's mathematics learning achievement. In this study, researchers took the two factors above, namely anxiety and mathematical disposition. This research takes place in medan state 28 junior high school which is located at North Sumatera. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a sample of all students class VIII which each class average amounted to 35 people. The data taken are questionnaires, using Pearson Correlation analysis, Spearman Correlation and Kendal's tau. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows software tool. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that: (1) there is no influence of anxiety on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is not at all affected by the student's anxiety in facing examinations, especially in mathematics; (2) there is an effect of disposition on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is influenced by the disposition attitudes that students have in mathematics learning; (3) simultaneously, anxiety and disposition are proven to have a contribution to influence student achievement, although individually, anxiety does not affect student learning achievement.

The use of the internet brings information resources closer to students so that they can easily access information from various sources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information needs of students SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar on information sources available on the internet. The basis of this study used is a survey study that examines the role of the internet as a medium of information for students of SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar. Whereas the type of research is quantitative. The number of sample members for this study were 162 students, who came from Class VII = 77 students and Class VIII = 85 students by means of proportional stratified random sampling. The results of this study indicate the level of internet use of students at Makassar Islamic Middle School 1 in the category of frequent access both in terms of the type of information and facilities offered all based on respondents' needs for information related to science, information needs of students have different portions. But the tendency is more in need of information relating to science than the need for entertainment information. In seeking knowledge students prefer website facilities rather than choosing information facilities to exchange knowledge information in the form of e-mail.