Following one of our research lines, we present here the first English translation of Social Parasitism in the Life of Nations, a work written by Arno Schickedanz representing an example of ideological purity. In the discussion section we make use of the herd analogy to describe social organization of some groups. Examples are provided and fully discussed. This approach is perfectly acceptable because Homo sapiens belong to the order Primates and certainly exhibit herd behavior under certain circumstances. This model is employed to show how a country can be colonized and manipulated.

Nature, people and civilization are timeless issues. The environmental field is currently dealing with a number of hot and time-sensitive concerns. In the current socioeconomic development situation in Vietnam, the Marxist perspective on the interaction between humans and nature is extremely methodologically significant. It not only provides us with a theoretical foundation for believing in human capabilities, but it also helps us identify a realistic way for humans to live in harmony and unity with nature during the development process. An Giang is a Mekong Delta province with a strong economic growth potential. Environmental protection still has significant limits that must be addressed as it grows. As a result, based on intriguing Marxist perspectives on the demonstrated relationship between persons, society, and nature, this paper suggests essential measures to foster economic integration while also protecting the natural environment in An Giang today.

Indiscipline among learners is a persistent educational problem in schools in the world. In Kenya, the persistence of indiscipline among learners in schools calls into question school discipline policies, practices and their theoretical underpinnings. This study sought to analyze the suitability of the philosophical frameworks that underpin school discipline policies and practices in Kenya through the lens of care ethics theory developed by Nel Noddings. The study adopted a desktop research design employing the analytic, critical and prescriptive philosophical methods. Being a library based inquiry, data collection and analysis entailed analyzing school discipline policy documents, guideline and practices in the country. The analysis revealed that the policies and practices are largely anchored on deontological and human rights-based ethical frameworks with traces of restorative justice ethics that are not harmoniously blended in both policy and practice. The study recommends the adoption of a care-centered ethical framework for school discipline in the context of the current CBE in the country.

Competency Based Education (CBE) is a system of education that has increasingly become popular as the preferred mode of delivering education and training locally and globally. However, in spite of the fact that CBE implementation has been initiated in both developing and developed countries, there are social concerns in its implementation that have been alluded to in research. Therefore, the study objective was to investigate social concerns on administrative support that ECDE teachers encounter in the Competency Based Education in Bungoma County. The study was carried out in ECDE centres in Bungoma County. The study was anchored on Symbolic Interactionism and Social Exchange Theory. Descriptive survey research design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The sample size was 201 ECDE teachers who were identified through simple random sampling and County director of education was purposively sampled. Data was collected through questionnaires for ECDE teachers, interview schedule for the County director of education and focus group discussions for preprimary one (PP1) and Preprimary two (PP2) parents. An observation schedule was used to triangulate the findings. Pilot study was conducted to enhance validity and reliability of the findings. Qualitative data was scored manually then organized and analyzed systematically as per thematic areas in a narrative form. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26). Among the major findings 159 (83%), revealed that there were inadequate teaching and learning facilities. The teacher pupil ratio for preprimary education was 1:43 far above the recommended ratio of 1:25 learners, 17 (9%) did not have any training on CBE while 164 (86%) lacked adequate training on CBE. Based on findings of the study, the study recommended provision of adequate teaching and learning facilities, training of ECDE teachers and improving the teacher pupil ratio in pre-primary education.

Competency Based Education (CBE) is a system of education that has increasingly become popular as the preferred mode of delivering education and training locally and globally. However, in spite of the fact that CBE implementation has been initiated in both developing and developed countries, there are social concerns in its implementation that have been alluded to in research. Therefore, the study objective was to determine ECDE teachers’ social concerns on parental involvement in the Competency Based Education in Bungoma County. The study was carried out in ECDE centres in Bungoma County. Descriptive survey research design was used. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. The sample size was 201 ECDE teachers who were identified through simple random sampling and County director of education was purposively sampled. Data was collected through questionnaires for ECDE teachers, interview schedule for the County director of education and focus group discussions for preprimary one (PP1) and Preprimary two (PP2) parents. An observation schedule was used to triangulate the findings. Pilot study was conducted to enhance validity and reliability of the findings. Qualitative data was scored manually then organized and analyzed systematically as per thematic areas in a narrative form. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 26). Among the major findings 142 (74.34%) of the sampled teachers revealed that the parents are not supportive in CBE implementation. Further research on enhancing access, equity and inclusion of CBE in pre-primary education is desirable.

Dr. Shankar Raghunath Phatak (1896-1981) in his Materia Medica & Repertory books mentioned in the preface of these two books about how homoeopathy is a science as well as an art. [1,2] A homoeopath is only successful when he/she uses his/her scientific & artistic skills. Here, in homoeopathy through the art, enters the philosophy. This is the main focus of the article where in the philosophical aspect of homoeopathy has to be understood & applied in therapeutics. The background of the therapeutics of homoeopathy rests on philosophy. The article looks into the background, history & its journey into the 2025 year of 21st century. The article also examines the influence of philosophy towards the developments of Homoeopathy not only in India but at the global level. Touching upon the basics of philosophy, the article also traverses through the academic progress & curriculum development in Under Graduation of homoeopathy academics & education in India.