This study sought to determine the level of teaching motivation of 72 teachers from 11 public senior high schools in the Philippines based on self-efficacy, interest, and effort indicators. A 25-item questionnaire was employed, and the resultant data analyzed using a mixed method approach. Results showed that the outcome aspect of self-efficacy posted the highest score, while the personal aspect presented the highest degree of motivation. With regard to interest, the enjoyment aspect received the highest score suggesting the teachers’ general satisfaction with teaching. The lowest score was seen in the participants’ moderate agreement with the view that enjoyment make up for the financial drawbacks inherent in the profession. As for effort, the two aspects of performance and importance showed almost the same score indicating the participants’ equal regard for them as motivators. In addition, the teachers gave the highest score to peer encouragement and the desire for constant professional improvement. Overall, the results showed the participants’ passion for educating senior high school students under their tutelage, appreciation for the intrinsic rewards in teaching coupled with a realistic awareness of its strict demands and financial drawbacks, and a strong desire to improve themselves for the benefit of the learners.

The study was aimed at using Target Task Approach to bridge the ability gaps of students in Secondary School Chemistry. It adopted a pretest, posttest, delayed quasi-experimental design with a sample size one hundred and seventeen students in both the experimental and control groups. Three research questions and hypotheses were raised and formulated to guide the study. The instruments for the study includes a Chemistry Achievement test (CAT) and Scholastic Ability Test. The instrument were validated and their reliabilities established. The reliability coefficient of both instrument using the Kudar-Richardson formulae 21 and Chromberg alfa were 0.89 and 0.72. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer research questions while the independent t-test was used in testing the hypotheses. The result showed a no significant difference on achievement and retention of low and high ability students taught Chemistry using Target Task Approach.

Environmental philosophy aims to prompt an effective human response to connected problems by understanding the unquestioned beliefs and presumptions. Tagore's environmental philosophy differs from other philosophers by promoting a holistic view of the environment. Tagore's environmental thought recognizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and emphasizes a spiritual and conscious transformation in humans' relationship with nature. Ambedkar's ideas are crucial to the dominant discourse, which is characterized by a concern for transforming the natural world to address social issues generated. The focus of this paper is on the impact of Gandhi's, Ambedkar's, and Tagore's environmental thoughts on Indian environmentalism.

Examination is a fundamental instrument to assess the level of acquisition of knowledge and intellectual competence of a student for a particular course or program. The present study highlights a comparative account of annual mode of examination and semester pattern of examination under Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) mode. The study also indicates notable constrains faced in conduction of examination i.e., data management for pre- examination works like preparation of eligible students’ details, examination center management, accurate question statistics, evaluation of answer scripts, marks processing, preservation of grade reports etc. through manual intervention. The ultimate solution is to develop a dedicated examination management system by integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) for transformation of the traditional education system to the Outcome Based Education (OBE) system by way of the reformation of examination process.

The little or no knowledge of the philosopher Alfred Baeumler on the part of those who are not German speaking makes it imperative to present various facets of his thought for a fair and correct evaluation of his philosophical activity. Therefore, here we present the first English version of the text 'The Solitude of Nietzsche', along with some comments on the 'haste' of some post-1945 writers to present Nietzsche as a fundamental pillar of National Socialism, a matter that is not clear for lack of scientifically convincing evidence.

Educational management plays the most important role in the implementation of social justice in education. In the past years, education management has achieved many achievements, however, with the requirement of fundamental reform, comprehensive education and training, ensuring social justice, this work is also have certain limitations. Based on that situation, the article proposes solutions to improve state management capacity in education to ensure fairness for elementary school students today.

The goal of teaching the reading skill is to improve achievement for learners, yet the learners' reading comprehension test results in Kenya remain a challenge that requires appropriate intervention strategies. Previous studies have shown that pre-reading activities are facilitative pedagogic strategies that activate readers’ prior knowledge, hence comprehension of new text. Thus, the purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to establish if pre-reading activities had a significant effect on reading comprehension performance in selected secondary schools in Kenya. The study objectives were to assess if there was a difference in performance between learners that used brainstorming and those that used pre-teaching vocabulary; determine if pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming have a significant effect on the performance of English as Second Language (ESL) learners in reading comprehension; and, compare the effect of pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming on achievement in reading comprehension to determine which of the two pre-reading activities affects the performance of learners in reading comprehension more significantly. The study was underpinned by Reading Comprehension as a Socio-cognitive Processing Model by Ruddell and Ruddell; and Reading Comprehension as Transactional-Socio-Psycholinguistic Model by Goodman. These models respectively propagate the view that through the influence of the language teacher on the readers, and the individual transactions between a reader and the text, meaning is constructed. The study used a quasi-experimental group design. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 7 schools, 21 English second language classrooms and 21 language teachers. Data were collected using a reading comprehension test. These data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results of ANOVA showed that at p< .05 value, both pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming had a significant effect on the performance of Kenyan English Second Language learners in reading comprehension tests, though pre-teaching vocabulary was comparatively more impactful than brainstorming. The study concluded that teachers need to pre-teach unfamiliar words and/or brainstorm topics in the new text since they are effective pre-reading pedagogic strategies. The study recommended that teacher trainers, relevant Ministry of Education agencies, language teachers, and learners vouch for the use of pre-reading activities as a pedagogic strategy for enhancing reading comprehension.

Social infrastructures that have previously been built are destroyed by pastoral conflict. When teachers are forced to leave conflict zones and people move because they fear an invasion, the education system is disrupted. In the Kerio Valley area of the Marakwet East sub-county of Elgeyo Marakwet County, the public primary schools were the subject of research to examine how pastoral disputes influenced the management of education in those schools. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pastoral conflicts and its effect on education management in Kerio valley region of Marakwet East sub-county, Elgeyo Markwet County. A descriptive survey design was employed. The intended audience consisted of 420 respondents, including 200 families, 190 teachers, and 30 head teachers. The sample size was determined by regular random sampling techniques and consisted of 205 individuals. To collect quantitative data, head teachers, teachers filled out a questionnaire and household heads filled out an interview schedules qualitative data. Theme analysis was employed for qualitative data as well as descriptive and inferential analysis for quantitative data. Tables were used to present the information. The study's findings showed a substantial positive correlation between pastoral conflict frequency (β1=0.666 and p=0.000) and education management in Marakwet East sub-county. The study came to the conclusion that there was a positive correlation between the administration of education in the Marakwet East sub-county and the occurrence of pastoral conflict. To lessen potential disputes, the head teachers and teachers should work together with the surrounding community to manage the school's land.

Discipline of students in secondary schools is important in the outcome of learners. Majority of schools in Kenya have reported an increase in the level of indiscipline amongst its learners. This has become concerning to the stakeholders involved including parents, the government and others as a result of increased cases of tardiness, abuse of drugs, cultic organizations in schools, riots, theft and so many other cases of anti-social behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social influence of social skill development interactive strategies on students’ discipline in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. Skinner’s model of behavior was used to guide the study. This study used descriptive research design for collecting both the qualitative and Quantative data. A sample of twenty three principals, thirty eight deputy principal and 376 teachers &students was used. Stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling was used to pick out the respondents of questionnaires. The reliability of research instruments was done using Cronbach’s alpha [α]. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the descriptive data and results presented using percentages, means, standard deviations and frequency tables. To conclude, social skill development interactive strategies plays an important role in promotion and management of student discipline. Teachers should focus on developing social skills among students, particularly those related to emotional management and conflict resolution. School administrators and teachers enforce school policies consistently to promote positive student behavior.

Students’ discipline in secondary schools is paramount in determining the learners’ outcomes. Many schools in Kenya experience a growing level of indiscipline. School indiscipline has been of great concern over time to parents, the government and other educational stakeholders due to many cases of tardiness, drug abuse, cultism, rioting, theft, truancy and many other antisocial vices. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of communication interactive strategies on students’ discipline in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. The study was guided by Skinner’s Model of Behavior. A conceptual framework was designed to guide this study. The study employed descriptive research design which is suitable in collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. Stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used. Data was collected by use of questionnaires administered by the researcher through hand delivery focused group discussion. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics and results presented using frequency tables, percentages, means and standard deviations. The study concluded that effective communication interactive strategies play an important role in promoting and managing student discipline.