Communication is one of the most important aspects in achieving early childhood development tasks. Children who have difficulty communicating will have difficulty adjusting to their peers and their environment. The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument of interpersonal communication scale for early childhood. This study used research and development (R&D) methods. The sample involved in this study amounted to 49 early childhood children in the city of Bandung and its surroundings. The results showed that: 1) the content validity carried out by five experts with the Aiken formula calculation showed a score of 0.87 with 20 valid items out of 33 items; 2) the reliability test of the instrument using the Cronbach Alpha formula obtained a score of 0.952; 3) KMO value was 0.863; 4) Barlett's Test obtained was 0.00; 5) the anti-image correlation and the communality test did not invalidate any items therefore there were 20 items in the good category; 6) the total variance of explain with a percentage of 71,449%; and 7) of the 20 factors, there were 3 factors that could explain the total diversity.

The government of Kenya implemented policy that advocates for the adoption of Education Management Information Systems (EMIS) in education. However, the slow extent to which EMIS is being utilized in schools needs to be adequately addressed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of EMIS on Management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study objective was to analyze influence of EMIS for curriculum and instruction on management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. The study adopted pragmatic philosophical paradigm and employed mixed methods research design. The target population comprised of 1334 respondents which included 183 principals, 189 deputy principals, 955 HODs in public secondary schools, 6 Sub-County Directors and 1 County Director of education in Uasin Gishu County. Kerjcie and Morgan (1970) table was used for determining the sample size of 302 respondents. Closed-ended structured questionnaire were used to collect quantitative data from principals, deputy principals and heads of departments (HODs) while semi-structured interview schedules were used to collect qualitative data from sub-county directors and the County Director of Education. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data was analyzed in narratives and themes. From the findings, the value of adjusted R squared was is 0.489, an indication that there was a variation of 48.9% on the management of public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County due to effectiveness and efficiency of EMIS for curriculum and instruction. There was a significant association between EMIS for curriculum and instruction and management of public secondary schools with F statistics (248.916). Regression coefficient of curriculum and instruction was 0. 596 with P<0.05. This implies that by strengthenning EMIS for curricullum and instruction management the supervisory role of the school administration on curricullum implementation is strengthenned thus the realization of management effectiveness. Therefore, all the elements of EMIS for curriculum and instruction should be improved on and their implementation strengthened through a policy framework by the ministry of education and public secondary school management to enhance the effectiveness of management of public secondary schools.

What did we learn after two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic and variants regarding Brazilian higher virtual education? This article revisited the issue, providing an overview of lessons about the challenges and pitfalls of virtual learning and the challenges faced by teachers, and executive education professors in Brazil, regarding live online classes via the Zoom platform through archival research and qualitative interviews. Key findings pointed out (a) a drastic increase in the offer and the number of enrollments and admissions in distance courses instead of classroom teaching, but with fewer conclusions; (b) internet connection issues, (c) increasing absenteeism, (d) distractions, (e) dispersion, (e) lack of interest, and (vi) limited pedagogical resources as barriers to online live classes dispensed with the Zoom platform. This study aims to provide the academic community with a perspective regarding the online live education experience after COVID-19 in Brazil. Finally, this work provides ten lessons learned during the pandemic.

This paper focuses on corruption in tertiary institutions and how it can be tackled through introducing courses and approaches via curriculum development that will build integrity among students, as well as, institutional quality through citizenship and social cohesion. The paper also discussed the concept of corruption, forms of corruption, causes and corruption in tertiary institutions such as bribery, fraud, embezzlement, favouritism, nepotism, among others and its implication for curriculum development in the country. In order to check and eliminate corruption in tertiary institutions, the paper recommended that, social studies, citizenship and value education should be implemented in tertiary institutions to teach about the negative effects of corruption and to create resilience against corrupt practices. Also, stakeholders in education should organize conferences in tertiary institution to re-orientate them on the dangers of corruption with the action statement ‘‘change begins with me’’ in our educational system, effective classroom implementation of curriculum content and the introduction of courses that will imbibe moral consciousness in the business of education at the tertiary level.