This paper investigates the Effect of Bioenergy and pollution on economy of Pakistan. Unit root and integration tests have been used to check unit root properties and long-run relationship for the times of 2001Q1 to 2015Q2. The relevant result shows there is a long run relationship exists between the pollution and bioenergy. In short run, there is no effect or low effect of bioenergy on economic growth of Pakistan which have to possess no contributions for economic development. The study further investigates to show that biomass as the basic source of renewable energy, cooperate Pakistan to gain durable improvement aim in the long run as well as in short run. On other hand, government needs to take a serious step to control the pollution level in Pakistan.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a small, enveloped, mosquito transmitted virus with a positive sense, 11 kb RNA genome. It was first isolated in 1937 from a woman with an undiagnosed febrile illness in the West Nile district of Uganda, WNV is currently the most widely distributed arbovirus in the world, occurring in all continents except Antarctica, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs, thus, the aim of this study is to analyze envelope glycoprotein variants using in silico approaches looking for conservancy, which is further studied to predict all potential epitopes that can be used after in vitro and in vivo confirmation as a therapeutic peptide vaccine. Total of 149envelope glycoprotein variants retrieved from NCBI database were introduced to IEDB conservancy tool, to select the highly conserved regions for epitopes prediction. By means of IEDB analysis resource B and T cell epitopes were predicted and population coverage was calculated. Three epitopes were proposed for international therapeutic peptide vaccine for B cell (DLSTKAACPTMGEAHNDKRADPAFV, YGEVTVDCEPRSGIDTN and PVEFSSNTVKL). Regarding T cell, RSYCYLATV epitope was highly recommended as therapeutic peptide vaccine to interact with MHC class I along with five other epitopes that showed good population coverage against whole world population. Two epitopes showed high affinity to interact with MHC class II alleles ( IKYEVAIFV and WFMDLNLPW ). Epitopes defined by methods such as the one described here are likely to contribute substantially to the development of new in vivo and in vitro research ,diagnostic and vaccines for WNV and other emerging infectious diseases.

The study provides a holistic view of how employees‟ career advancement can affect organizational effectiveness among selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The specific objective is to determine the relationship between career advancement and organizational effectiveness in the Nigerian deposit money banks. Primary data was collected from a total of seven (7) banks from existing twenty one (21) licensed banks by Central bank of Nigeria (CBN) through structured questionnaire to elicit information on career development. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive statistics to determine the relationship between respondents socio-economic characteristics and organizational effectiveness while inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficients (PPMC) was employed to analyze the relationship between the variables of career advancement and organizational effectiveness respectively. Findings revealed that employee career advancement in the organization exert a great influence on the operations of deposit money banks in Nigeria, and as such banks management should invest in employees‟ development to stem employee turnover and improve productivity.

Colorectal diseases are frequently encountered in clinical practice. They range from minor problems causing minimal discomfort to potentially serious diseases causing much morbidity and mortality. Clinically most of these disorders present with non-specific symptoms like altered bowel habits, diarrhea, bleeding per rectum either melaena or fresh hemorrhage; thus causing much delay in drawing attention. Early detection and proper management are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Various diagnostic tools are developed in the recent past, improving the detection and assessment of these lesions. To study the profile of various neoplastic colorectal lesions and to know the relative frequency of various diseases, and to know the age, sex incidence and site of occurrence of the neoplastic colorectal lesions. This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, NRI Medical College, Chinakakani, Guntur district.

These empirical research works is anchored on the three fundamental and theoretical arguments that emanated between the Keynesian school, the neoclassical school of thought and Ricardo hypothesis and their view on deficit financing with respect to its contribution to economic development. Despite the huge quantum of debt Nigerian government accommodate yearly, the expected level of development is not been attained as larger percentage of her citizens still lives in abject poverty, low standard of living and high level of unemployment and so on. At this junction, one begins to wonder why the theoretical suggestion dose not seems to be working in the Nigerian context. It is based on these hullabaloos that this study seeks to investigate the effect of deficit financing on development of the Nigerian economy between the periods 1981 to 2015 using error correction model and granger causality test. Study report that Federal government external debt exhibits a significant P-value of 0.0173 with a positive coefficient of 0.000031 suggesting that 1% increase in government external debt is capable of stimulating economic development in Nigeria to the tune of 0.00003. The report of the causality test also validate the report in the error correction model and thus suggest that external debt significantly contribute to the development of the Nigeria economy while domestic debt and deficit budget does not seems to granger cause economic development in Nigeria. On this premises, study conclude that deficit financing is a vital stimuli in promoting economic development in Nigeria if adequately channel for the original purpose for which it was meant for. Furthermore, study thus validates the Keynesian postulation of the existence of positive relationship between deficit financing and economic development. On this note, study recommend that managers of the Nigerian economy should coordinate the appropriation of borrowed fund and ensure that it is properly channelled towards improving the capital and production dominance of the nation as this will further help in achieving a sustainable level of economic development in Nigeria.

Hypereosinophilia is defined by blood eosinophil count greater than 0.5 x 109 / L, it is a biological symptom which should not be neglected given the risk of visceral complications. However, any eosinophilia should be thoroughly investigated in order to define the etiology and treat it. Diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome HES can be retained after elimination of parasitic, allergic and haematological causes in the presence of a blood eosinophilia greater than 1.5 x 109 / L evolving over a period of at least six months and complicated by at least one visceral lesion. The visceral sites observed are not specific among which the cardiac and neurological attacks are the most dangerous compared to the other attacks: bronchopulmonary, liver, digestive, renal, cutaneous. We report an observation of persistent hypereosinophilia in a patient with exclusively digestive signs and the diagnostic difficulties encountered.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of: 1) Discipline working through the spirit of the work on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber indirectly. 2) The spirit of working through labor discipline on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber indirectly. 3) Discipline and morale work on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber, either partially or simultaneously. A population of 42 people and the sample is saturated sampling as many as 42 people. The analysis used is path analysis, multiple linear regressions, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing partial and simultaneous with the alpha (0.05). The results of path analysis showed a positive and significant impact work discipline variables via the morale on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber either directly or indirectly. Morale through labor discipline and significant positive effect on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber either directly or indirectly. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber affected by the work discipline and morale 0251 points at 0261 points. The results of the analysis of determination of 0264, that variable work discipline and morale can explain the work performance of employees of PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber is 26.4% while the remaining 73.6% is influenced by other variables. Work discipline and morale has a positive and significant impact on employee performance PT. Japfa Comfeed Tbk. Planting timber either partially or simultaneously.

The study presents the assessment of water quality of a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). In this study, a laboratory- scale recirculation aquaculture plant was designed and fabricated to reduce, recycle and reuse fish farm wastewater. The system incorporates trickling filter as a biological treatment processes. Development of bacteria on the trickling filter was done by continuous recirculation of highly concentrated fish farm waste water for 16 days when a considerable mass of bacteria enough for nitrification was observed to have developed. In the experiment, two different systems were compared: a RAS with trickling filter and a conventional open pond system. A sample of effluent from the trickling filter was analyzed for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, pH and total suspended solid. The result of the analysis showed that the water parameters in RAS were within acceptable level for African catfish culture; 32.89L of water was used up in the RAS for the 21 days culture and percentage increase in weight ranging from 17.69% - 37.05% was observed in the RAS. This shows that the system was effective in producing required effluent quality for catfish fish rearing.

Since the past year budget deficit is corrected in the current year, this study seek to examine the lag effect of previous year‟s budget deficit on performance of the Nigeria economy in the contemporary year using VAR estimation between the periods 1981 to 2015. From the foregoing statistical output, findings established that Budget deficit significantly stimulate economic performance. The output of the granger causality test shows that budget deficit statistically granger cause economic performance and viz versa while the result of the multiple regression of the ordinary least square report a significant but negative relationship to economic performance. The negative response of budget deficit to economic performance could be attributed to moral hazard, mismanagement of fund and financial indiscipline which prevent the country from enjoying the sustainable level of expected growth overtime. The output of the VAR estimate established that the lag value of federal government budget deficit has contributed to performance of the economy in the current year although the contributive quadrant is not been felt to a reasonable extent. This empirical findings support the Keynesian postulation of significant relationship between budget deficit and economic performance. Prior to our findings, study recommends that Policy makers should ensure effective utilisation of borrowed fund and maintain a sporadic evaluation and supervision of such project in which borrowed fund are channelled into in order to achieve a profitable returns which will help in servicing of such debt and also stimulate economic performance.

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) have potential to improve both productivity and quality. MSEs can adapt any change easily because of their dynamic nature. Productivity and Quality improvement programs in Medium and Large Manufacturing Units have proved their significance. In India, MSEs play a vital role for economical growth of the country. But micro and small industries have limited resources to implement development programs. Process improvement principles and philosophy applicable to medium and large industries are so universal that these can be applied with or without modification in their inherent character to Micro and Small Enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to identify the areas of improvement in small process industry of producing Exercise Notebook by analyzing its batch production so that productivity and quality enhancement programs can lead to financial benefits. Some tools and techniques such as Benchmarking, Standardization, Kaizen, 5S, Lean Practices, Time-Motion study and Low cost automation has been considered to site operational improvements in this labour intensive industry.

Nowadays, entrepreneurship literature has become an important component for the development of productivity and economic growth. The entrepreneurial activity is one of the contributors to the country’s economic development. From that, this paper examines five entrepreneurship models with underlying empirical studies. These are; (1) Conceptual Framework of Business Success, (2) Model of the Entrepreneurship Process, (3) Conceptual Framework of Business Success in SMEs, (4) A Model of Strategic Entrepreneurship, and (5) Input-Process-Output Model of Strategic Management. These models are useful and a thorough understanding of how an entrepreneur’s success is important, because this will lead to the development of new tools, such as (1) tools for business to improve their innovation and growth processes and, (2) tools for governments to develop new policies to support and direct economic growth.

Successful endodontic treatment depends on thorough knowledge in root canal morphology, appropriate assessment of pulp chamber floor, critical interpretation of radiograph, and on biomechanical preparation followed by three dimensional obturation of root canal system. The possibility of additional root /canal should be considered even in teeth a low frequency of abnormal root canal anatomy. Mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having aberrant anatomy. This article reports and discusses the successful endodontic management of mandibular second premolar with one canal is bifurcating into two canals.

This study investigated the relationship between the levels of accountability and integrity of school financial management and the factors that affect levels of accountability and integrity. Selected respondents were among the top and middle management leaders of national high schools. The schools selected were schools under Responsibility Centre status in one of a Malaysian districts which comprised of 97 respondents. The instrument used forthis study was questionnaire designed by the researchers based on observations and literature reviews. The reliability of the questionnaire was α = 0.96. The data were collected and analysed using mean score, Pearson Correlation and Sample ttest which were the main quantitative methods. The results showed very high levels of accountability and integrity among the schools’ financial managers in the district. The study revealed a significant relationship between the levels of accountability and integrity in accordance to few factors namely; knowledge in financial management, financial management of the individuality of the school and the school’s internal control. Finally, the results indicated that there was no significant difference in the levelsof accountability and integrity in managing schools’ financial sources based on genders. The findings of this study can be used by school principals and the Ministry of Education to improve the efficiency of schoolfinancial management, to increase the number of schools that received the Certificate of Excellence Audit and also can help the school managers to lay out the filling course or in-service training (INSET) in schools.

Tobacco use is a serious public health problem, the prevention and control of tobacco use has become an emerging issue of global significance and of central importance to oral health and Dental care. So, health professionals have a critical role in reducing the tobacco use in which dentists play a significant role. Thus, this study was conducted to assess and compare the Knowledge, attitude and perception towards tobacco use among dental and engineering students. A self-administered structured closed ended questionnaire to 440 Undergraduates was used. The chi-squared test was used to check differences between proportions. The unpaired t-test was used to check mean differences between the groups. Majority of the students in both the group had a fair level of knowledge related to tobacco regulations. Mean knowledge score between both the groups towards ill-effects of tobacco showed that dental students had good knowledge level as compared to engineering students (P=0.000). 145 (94.8%) dental students and 243 (84.4%) engineering students expressed a positive attitude towards advising smokers to stop smoking. Among dental students, 129(84.3%) perceive that attractive packaging of tobacco products is bad as compared to 181(62.8%) engineering students. Although attitude and perception among dental students towards tobacco cessation was better than engineering students, knowledge of tobacco regulations in both the groups was not satisfactory.

One of the main challenges facing economic researchers across the globe, especially empirical researchers in developing economies, is how to document their work. Indeed, numerous scholarly contributions are rejected by credible and refereed journals due to poor documentation. This paper examines the importance of good documentation of empirical research in Economics as well as how such documentation is done. Specifically, this paper shows that replication may be impossible if empirical research is not properly documented, and that well compiled data file, do-file, and technical annex are key ingredients of properly documented empirical research in Economics.