Abstract: Applications of real sandstone micro-models to research micro-flow characteristics of Chang 6 reservoir in Jiyuan area of Ordos Basin, and analyzes the relationship between physical property, Pore throat and displacement efficiency by combining thin casting sections, scanning-electron micro-scopes and constant-rate mercury injection. Results show that there are finger-like, reticular and homogeneous flows in Chang 6reservoir research areas and the rock of the research area can be divided to remind intergranular pore dissolved pore as well as dissolve-remind intergranular pore. Different types of rock have different microflow characteristics in which displacement efficiency is different. The displacement efficiency of dissolve mind intergranular pore is high, and the dissolved pore is low. Heterogeneity is the main internal factors affecting displacement efficiency, and physical properties and pore throat impact on displacement efficiency weakness. Of the external factors, water injection pressure and injection water multiple have a large influence on displacement efficiency compared to multiple injections. Improvements to the water injection pressure will have a better effect on improving oil displacement efficiency.

Abstract: The lithology profile of Baer Depression in Hailar Basin is complex, which not only exists in the volcanic lava and sedimentary rock, but also has the transition lithology of volcanic rock. Conventional logging curve of obvious characteristics, better reflect the ability of large sedimentary thickness of lithology, but for the deposition of thin thickness, complex composition of transition rocks, often need to on the basis of the lithologic variation for the judgment. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the main lithology and well logging response of the Baer depression in Hailar basin, this paper presents and establishes 4 kinds of logging response patterns of the lithologic profile, and gives the corresponding well examples. The application of the logging response model of continuous lithologic profile will greatly improve the identification accuracy of the thin and complex composition of the transitional lithology.

Abstract: Spectrum inversion is a kind of a priori information and spectral decomposition technique is used to speed up less than tuning thickness of thin layer imaging seismic processing technology. This paper discusses the construction process of objective function in spectrum inversion, and the inversion method is studied. Next, I process actual data of some region of Daqing by spectrum inversion. We can find the resolution of seismic profiles is improved, and the information of high frequency part also has greatly increased.

Abstract: The thickness, lateral connectivity and boundary position of the thin layer are increasingly becoming the focus of lithologic seismic exploration, but the recent progress on thin layer have less systematic summary. Therefore, four aspects of thin layer research relating to research subject, forward modeling method, time-frequency analysis method, thickness prediction method are summarized. The following conclusions show that spectrum variation regularity of reflected wave is the key to thin layer analysis. A quantitative relationship between the peak frequency or notches frequency and thin layer thickness has already established. Wave equation forward modeling can reflect the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave in the propagation process, so the simulated wave field information is more rich and real. Analytical tools of reflected wave field are from time domain, frequency domain analysis to the time-frequency analysis and temporal characteristics of the reflected wave spectrum are took more attention. Thus wave field characteristics of thin layer are gradually evolved from a simple qualitative analysis to quantitative prediction direction.

Abstract: The structure simulation experiment is to study and mimic natural geological structure deformation characteristics, genetic mechanism and dynamics process of a physical experiment method. Theoretical basis of physical simulation of structure, development process and present situation is to get people's attention.

Abstract: Structural conditions as one of the elements of oil and gas accumulation, attracted widespread attention in the oil and gas field exploration and development. Typically, the lower the accuracy of regional exploration, structural studies were focused on the basin frame; high rolling exploration and research on the structure of the accuracy requirements of the block structure of the internal small fine interpretation and depiction is the key to the success of drilling. In the structural conditions extremely complex Dongpu depression, mainly in the oil and gas reserves among the block group, the regional tectonic conditions are relatively clear, to block the internal structure of the small fine description of rolling exploration focus. How to carry out the internal structure of complex fault block? Making research and services in the oil exploration and development, not only an important task Dongpu depression, but also in eastern China hotspot rift basin. I try to take advantage of three-dimensional seismic interpretation; seismic data between wells describe small structures, numerical simulation techniques Wen 209 fault throw of less than 5 m were forecast to achieve fine structure described in the block area.

Abstract: Firstly, for the 1980s developed full waveform inversion and its application in the development of exploration geophysics are analyzed; secondly, the face of quantitative and refinement requirements of seismic exploration, seismic exploration proposed full waveform trans research ideas to play with other aspects of data processing or process technology combined, and the prospect of the development trend of full waveform inversion; finally, discusses the numerical simulation of full waveform inversion of seismic wave field inversion initial velocity model to obtain the objective function Select the form, the key issues to enable optimization algorithm and anisotropic media applications, and summarized by full waveform inversion Laplace domain inversion to obtain initial velocity model, combined with ray tracing and full parallel computing is to the wave equation method to simulate the great advantage of the seismic wave field, and the flexibility to choose the form of the inversion objective function and optimization algorithm to update the velocity model parameters to speed up the process of practical full waveform inversion method.

Abstract: In this paper, the current methods of reservoir exploration and theoretical point of view, based on core dates, logging, logging and seismic data, analyzed the structure characteristics and sedimentary system. The integrated use of theories of petroleum geology, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and other seismic analysis of hydrocarbon enrichment patterns, and divided by a typical reservoir analysis, the establishment of a major hydrocarbon accumulation mode. The paper discusses the main controlling factor.

Low back pain affects a large proportion of athletes. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of literature regarding prevalence of low back pain, treatment, and rehabilitation with a specific exercise programme. With the information gathered a rehabilitation programme will be proposed with emphasis on specific exercises and progressions that can be used to help guide rehabilitative clinicians in their treatment and rehabilitation of the athlete with low back pain. A search of electronic databases was performed including; Pub Med, Medline, and Google Scholar. Key Words used: Spondylolysis, Lumbar stabilization, core stabilization, low back pain, athletes, exercise, and any combination of these words. Based on the search of electronic databases their does appear to be some efficacy of exercise programme established in the athletes with low back pain. However, at this time does not appear to be superior to other exercise interventions. The most effective prevention strategy seems to be exercise, specifically trunk stretching and strengthening exercises. It is not the intent of this study to create an all-encompassing approach to treating every athlete, but to give some insight into the best strategies and progressions to receive the best outcomes possible. However, further high quality studies, isolating specific primary interventions need to be completed in an attempt to reduce the burden of low back pain in athletes.

To evaluate the efficacy of irrigating solutions EDTA, MTAD and Maleic acid in smear layer removal, using Navitips and conventional needles. 48 extracted mandibular premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups and two subgroups. They were prepared by ProTaper Ni Ti instrument system to an apical size of F3. The final irrigation in each group was done as follows, Group 1A- 17% EDTA (Control Group) with conventional needle, Group 1B-17% EDTA with Navitip, Group 2A- MTAD with conventional needle, Group 2B- MTAD with Navitip, Group 3A- 7% Maleic acid with conventional needle, Group 3B- 7% Maleic acid with Navitip. After final rinse with the test irrigants, the specimens were dried and prepared for SEM examination. In Group 2, MTAD was used, most root canal surfaces in coronal, middle and apical thirds had no smear layer. The coronal and middle third areas showed complete smear layer removal in 88 % and 75 % of samples, respectively, using both Conventional needle and Navitip. In apical third 63 % of samples, using Navitip and 50 % of samples, using Conventional needle, showed complete smear layer removal. Group 2 (MTAD) showed the best result for the removal of smear layer in all the areas. Group 3 (Maleic acid) and Group 2 (MTAD) are equally effective in the apical third, without much significant difference. Navitips are effective in the removal of smear layer than the Conventional needles, but there was no significant difference between them.

Habit is defined as a fixed practice produced by a constant repetition of acts. Oral habit may produce detrimental effect on oral and perioral structures if not intervened early. So oral habits are considered as the major etiological factors in the development of malocclusion. This case report describes a removable habit breaking appliance which is easy to construct and affordable for our patients. It is most effective in correction of thumb sucking and tongue thrusting.

This study attempted to carry out an overview of the Yussufiyya Boko Haram sect and its activities in Nigeria. Secondary data obtained mainly from National newspapers and the internets were used in the analysis. It was revealed that the sect emerged mainly as a reaction to western value system which was believed to have polluted our culture. Boko Haram which was once a social communal movement gradually metamorphosed into a vicious sect operating in some states of the north-east of Nigeria. The study also showed that Boko Haram had a dream of establishing a kind of Utopian egalitarian society and to achieve this task, recruited gullible youths to stage a Jihad in an attempt to Islamize, at least the northern part of Nigeria. The sect in recent past has evolved and proliferated to such a frightening point that it could engage the Nigerian military in full-blown confrontation in an attempt to pursue its ruthless expansionist ambition. This ambition has however, been significantly checked as the sect has been technically defeated and restricted to the sambisa forest. It is recommended among others that government should continue to use the carrot and stick approach in handling the insurgency while making attempts to have an understanding of the sect‟s ideology as this will assist in the deradicalisation process.

Drug addiction also called substance use disorder is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pulwama district of Jammu and Kashmir State is not an exception. The aim of the present study is to know the awareness of drug addiction among people of Pulwama district of Kashmir valley. 400 persons 200 male and 200 female selected at random from different areas of district Pulwama were asked questions regarding the age at which people start to use drug, their drug habits, their reason for drug etc. The results obtained in our study presents a horrifying picture and a threat for the entire society if the menace is not controlled.

According to World Health Organization (WHO) medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organ, contains substance that can be used for therapeutic purpose or which is a precursor for synthesis of useful drugs. The plants that possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects on the animal body are generally designated as “Medicinal Plants”. It has now been established that the plants which naturally synthesis and accumulate some secondary metabolites, like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, volatiles oils and contain minerals and vitamins, possess medicinal properties. In this section the results of various investigations carried out were compiled. All the pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluations are performed in order to make an attempt to discuss these results, in order to provide convincing reasons for the studies performed. The TLC studies showed in naked eyes and under different wavelength the presence of some compound like, Flavonoid, Triterpinoids and their significant Rf values

Abstract: Seismic attributes includes physical attribute and geometry attribute, which quantifies specifically the characters of geometry, kinematics, dynamics or statistics in seismic data. Although geometry attributes can be easily accepted and straightly identified by the sense organ of men, the physical attributes derived from abstract process and mathematics are better than geometry attribute in seismic reservoir prediction. Therefore, seismic attribute is mainly referred to physical attribute calculated by mathematical algorithm. Reservoir prediction by seismic attributes is widely used in geophysics. Since 1980s,pattern recognition technique is paid great attention to, and the reservoir prediction techniques ,such as a fuzzy pattern recognition, statistic pattern recognition, neural network pattern recognition and function approach ,have been successively developed .The predicted objects include hydrocarbon, reservoir thickness, lithology and reservoir porosity. In reservoir prediction, the selection of seismic attribute is accomplished by experience of interpreters, whose effect is subject to better geological conditions, simple predicted objects, and higher S/N in original seismic data. However, under the other conditions, the effect of prediction is worse. In fact, there exist complex relations between predicted objects and their seismic attributes. The seismic attributes sensitive to predicted objects are not totally the same in different areas and reservoirs. They are also somewhat different even for same reservoir and same area. The optimization technique of seismic attributes is an effective means for solving the above questions. The optimum methods of seismic attributes mainly include the dimension-reduced projected profile and cluster analysis etc. Its purpose is to optimize the minimum seismic attributes or seismic attribute esgroup, which are the most sensitive (or most effective, most representatives) to studied problem, in order to increase reservoirs prediction precision and to improve the effect of processing and interpretation related to seismic attributes.