Abstract: Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstream use with a greater number of people seeking for remedies and health approaches from side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. This has aggravated the search for antimicrobials from plants sources. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves against some clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The study was carried out between January and June, 2014. The Moringa oleifera leaves sample were collected from the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Orchard and screened for antimicrobial activity against the isolates using agar well diffusion assay, and preliminary phytochemical analysis were also conducted using standard procedures. Concentrations of the extract used were 30mg, 60mg, 90mg and120mg. The extract demonstrated the highest activity at 120mg, with the zone of inhibition of 28.5mm, 25.5mm and 24.0mm on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Alkaloids. The antibacterial assay results portrayed broad spectrum activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against the test organisms with the comparable inhibitory zones by standard antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin). In conclusion the results from these findings have shown the antibacterial potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf extract implying that the extract could help as a chemotherapeutic agent or might be a lead compound for the development of new potent antibacterial agents.

Estimating a company’s sustainable profitability is a big challenge to investors. A profitable company yielding a steady revenue stream with modest capital expenditure has the ability to compound shareholder wealth at an attractive rate over time. Even though many studies have been conducted, most companies strive to provide competitive returns. The golden path of being profitable has not yet been revealed. Selected 15 Sensex Companies standing as leading players are expected to provide considerable support to empower the efforts of the Indian Government. On this backdrop, the present study aims at focussing and assessing the efficacy of the performance of the selected Sensex Companies with the help of the most appropriate accounting-based measure of profitability i.e. Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) from 2012 to 2017. The empirical study reveals that companies have not been able to increase revenue and ROCE simultaneously and they are not also compatible in comparison with the global capital market.

Abstract: Malaria is a major public health problem. In India, Malaria is the disease is responsible for very high morbidity and mortality. The Government has got the larger responsibility in controlling the Malaria; with the community involvement is necessary, so that the urban slum adults need Health education programme to reduce the incidence of Malaria and for the prevention of Malaria. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of STP on prevention of Malaria. A quasi experimental single group pretest posttest research design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on Malaria prevention at selected urban slum area of Gwalior city. The study was conducted on 50 adults selected by purposive sampling techniques. Tool was developed validity and reliability was calculated, after conducting pretest PTP was introduced and then posttest was done. The findings of the study shows that mean posttest knowledge score (19.54) of the subjects was higher than the mean pretest knowledge score (11.72), hence PTP on malaria prevention for adult was effective. After the detailed analysis of this study shows that PTP for Malaria prevention was very effective and could also are used for other setting and for other community setting.

The study investigated effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on performance of organizations by focusing on its four fundamental components: economic, social, political and philanthropic. Using 8 sugar manufacturing firms, the study findings indicated that corporate social responsibility to have a predictive power and it could explain variations in firm performance. Ability to explain variations in company performance was realized through sales volume by 18% (R2 = 0.180), capacity utilization by 16% (R2 = 0.160) while profitability after tax by 20.3% (R2 = 0.203). Findings of CSR performance results show that though CSR activities have been viewed to contradict companies‟ ultimate mandate of profit making and sidetracking organization core activities, statistical results from this study shows positive performance outcomes especially profitability. This may be attributed to positive company image and brand as a result of CSR activities.

Abstract: In accounting, financial reporting dominantly focus on profits. There is growing pressure on social sensitivity of accounting. Sustainable Development Goals advocate for concern to the environment. Some researchers have endeavored to demonstrate how accountancy need to respond to the social concerns beyond traditional goal of profit maximization that singles out shareholders from the many stakeholders. However, these studies have been deficient in addressing the moderating influence of stakeholder knowledge on the relationship between social reporting and sustainability accounting. The study adopted Mixed Methods Research of survey design. The target population comprised of the factory unit managers and accountants as the key informants, drawn from tea factories of Mount Kenya region. The sample was obtained by simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument. Data analysis entailed simple binary and hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis using SPSS. Study results were presented in frequencies, percentages and skewness for descriptive and binomial regression output for inferential statistic. The study found out that tea factories practice social activities that they incur costs which were treated as overhead costs and benefits were derived by tea factories. There was a statistically significant influence of social reporting on sustainability accounting; which was insignificantly moderated by stakeholder knowledge. The study findings were of significant to organizations’ strategies to respond to social externalities which in accounting terms affect the organizations profits in the long run. The study recommends tea factories adopt an integration of social reporting and financial reporting.

Stress has been seen as a routine and accepted part of the health care worker’s role there is a wonderful research on stress in nurses worldwide. The interaction among stress and caring behaviors remains quite not examined, especially in the Asian working environment, where it is the not first time that this specific issue is being studied. The aim was to inspect and discover the correlation among occupational stress, caring behaviors and their quality of life in association to health. The aim is to observe the levels of stress facing by nurses working in a Government hospital Lahore Pakistan and explore change in perceived stress levels by department and linked with job perspectives. A co-relational study design was employed, with a two-stage cluster sampling process. Data collection was by means of a self-administered questionnaire, and nurses were investigated across 10 different wards using the perceived occupational Stress Scale. The response rate was 78%. , perceived stress levels were found to be significantly higher in age group 25 to30 59%. There was significant difference between the education levels with regard to job stress; however, differences did occur with experience, the reporting the lowest level of BSN nurses. A significant association was seen between the age and perceived stress even after adjustment. The findings suggest that perceived stress does vary within different work age group in the same hospital. Job elements, such as requirement and supply, are important with regard to perceived stress. Preventive measure was not found to play an important role

Abstract: Ocular drug delivery to the scientists is a fascinating field because of challenges and exquisite barriers encountered in the ocular milieu. Till now, non-invasive approaches in ocular delivery are not yet successful with respect to intervention/treatment of long term ocular diseases. In spite of adverse effects with invasive techniques, they have been demonstrated promise in the treatment of sight threatening complications. The use of intravitreal injections or intraocular implants is gaining momentum with paramount progress in design, safety and efficacy from last two decades. Various intravitreal injections and ocular implants were developed with a wide array of therapeutic application potentials targeting drug localization for an extended period of time. Miniaturization of implants for their direct injection eliminating surgical process is currently being explored. In this review, various modalities comprising these invasive techniques targeting posterior ocular tissues namely retina and vitreous humor are summarized.

The fishing community is fisherman patorani community that specifically captures the parent and fish eggs "Torani" (flying fish). The fishing community estimated patorani born since the 17th century and operate locally around the Sulawesi Sea, and catch fish species Torani and even other fish species. Since the birth until the early 20th century are still relying on the screen (Sombala) as a boat towing machine and rely on wind power. This study focused on social change traditional fishermen to fishers patorani. This study used qualitative methods descriptive, and data retrieval preliminary observation, interviews and documentation. Informants consisted patorani fishermen, boat owners and owners of capital. The research found that social change occurs due to the internal state of the orientation of the needs and dynamics of the owners of capital, while externally caused by the influence of the market on the fishing community by promising greater income and special one species of fish and fish eggs Torani. Changes it, then forcing the fishermen to make fundamental changes include a shift in social relations that were once family-oriented and then turn to the professional relationship and the contractual and binding.

This study aimed to highlight on the influence of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the cardiovascular system in humans and experimental animals, from the recent articles regarding the cardiovascular effects of exposure to EMFs. EMFs might produce a variety of adverse in vivo effects such as heart problems, chest pain, and cardiovascular system disorders. Previous studies showed that an association between elevated magnetic field exposure and mortality of employer in electric utility industry jobs from arrhythmia-related causes and acute myocardial infarction influence heart rate variability by changing autonomic balance. EMF exposure can affect structure and function of cardiovascular system and may facilitate myocardial infarction by nuclear changing of cardiomyocytes. Exposure to EMFs induced pain or pressure in the chest area, heart palpitations, and/or an irregular heart beat. The symptoms resemble a heart attack and thus contribute to even more anxiety. Also, exposure to EMFs caused highly significant increases in the activeties of serum creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate amino-transferase enzymes, and decreases in plasma calcium level and total anti-oxidant capacity. Rats exposed to EMF showed increases in blood pressure, the absolute and relative whole heart and left ventricular weights. On the other hand, the heart rate was significantly reduced in rats exposed to EMF.

Tasting salt or Monosodium Glutamate was invented by the Japanese over a century ago. The flavour profile known as Umami, or the fifth taste, after the four tastes of sweet, salty, sour and bitter, was discovered whilst working with sea weed. Umami is a meaty taste that is naturally present in cheese and ripe tomatoes. For more than a 100 years, the flavour of Umami has been artificially manufactured in factories all over the world, starting in Japan. The flavour profile presented by tasting salt offers both packaged and non-packaged food producers with an affordable and openly accessible alternative to flavouring their foods. Home cooks are also offered the product as they are able to openly purchase the salt off the shelf. Hence, a lack of regulation. Presently, tasting salt is present in thousands of food items all over the world, and its use is only increasing. Restaurants use the salt in their dishes as an inexpensive alternative to building complex flavour profiles using meat stock. At the same time, health concerns about the product‟s wide spread use have also been made apparent over the last two decades. Despite the legal system of almost all countries in the world not having put any restriction on tasting salt, the use of the product has been shown to lead to serious health concerns for humans. Hence, the need for ethical business practice to promote public health by going above and beyond legal compliance.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) characterized by a single lesion, with greater frequency in the mandibular jaw. The diagnostic approach is based on a combined analysis of the medical history, the clinical appearance and the radiographic appearance. The diagnosis may be confirmed by the anatomical pathology report. Finally, treatment consists of surgical excision and follow up is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. The authors report an unusal case of OKC of the upper jaw and review the various diagnoses and therapeutics.

Information plays a key role in helping the recovery of patients of alcohol and drug abuse (ADA). In the rehabilitation centres, ADA patients are engaged in a treatment programme and are expected to integrate back to the society and become productive people. Alongside other medical procedures, information plays an important role in helping in the recovery of patients of alcohol and drug abuse. This study aims to evaluate the access and use of information services to patients of alcohol and drug abuse in Nairobi County, the case of Asumbi Treatment Centre and to suggest ways in which they can be enhanced. The objectives of this study were: to determine the information needs ADA patients in the rehabilitation centre; to establish information seeking habits of ADA patients; to find out how ADA patients use information; to assess the existing information services available to ADA patients; to find out the challenges faced by ADA patients in accessing and using information, and to suggest ways of enhancing provision of information services to ADA patients in rehabilitation centres. This research adopted a case study design and the approach was mixed, having both qualitative and qualitative approaches. The findings revealed that ADA patients have their unique information needs and they experience challenges of accessing and using information. The study identified inadequate facilities for ADA patients to access and use information services in the rehabilitation centre. Among the major recommendations in this study is that ADA rehabilitation centres should establish information centres, and in addition, offer bibliotherapy services to its patients.

The significance of effective leadership and management for the successful operation of schools and colleges has been increasingly acknowledged in the 21st century. The trend towards self-management in the United Kingdom and in many other parts of the world has led to an enhanced appreciation of the importance of managerial competence for educational leaders. Today, leadership is seen as central and essential to delivering the changes, improvement and performance that community increasingly expects of all organizations including schools. The changing manner of school management has undoubtedly created reforms in the field of education with change expressed in the evolution from exterior supervision of school work to the empowerment of school’s staff, principal’s and teacher’s roles. This study was initiated to look into the leadership style among school principals in governing school systems in Peninsular Malaysia. Secondary data consisting of various leadership styles used in administering teachers, transformational and transactional leadership and the correlation between leadership styles and organizational variables, relationship between value systems and school principal’s principles were performed. Numerous researches have highlighted the fact that leadership behavior is a predictor of its efficacy and leads to the examination of leadership evolution. In this study, leaders with a high moral value system tend to lean towards a transformational leadership style in governing school systems in Peninsular Malaysia and acknowledges a positive correlation between leadership styles and value systems in school administration.

Primary Squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is extremely rare and constitutes 0.5- 3% of all gall bladder malignancies. We report a 50-year-old female who presented with vague symptom of right upper quadrant pain. She was operated on a presumptive diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis according to clinical and ultrasonography findings. Histopathological examination showed an infiltrating mass of the gallbladder which revealed well differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma invading full wall thickness. Thorough evaluation revealed no other primary site for the tumor. Pure primary squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is very rarely reported. Clinicians must be aware of its vague clinical presentations.

Education has been directly equated with the overall development process of any human society. Basic or primary education being the foundation, is necessary not only for the sake of basic literacy and numeracy, but because it prepares children or human for future challenges. The more adequate and qualitative the primary education is given to children, the more equipped and industrious the children would become in the future. Therefore, good administrative planning and provision of primary level of education is crucial in achieving educational development. This paper examines Universal Basic Education (UBE) as a programme designed to provide primary education, outline it`s policy thrust and nature of implementation as well as assessing the ways through which the scheme can tackle the educational challenges facing the country, for an achieved sustainable development. Secondary data was used comprising the UBE documents and various litratures written by scholars on education and development in order to analyse and assess the relationship between basic (primary) education and sustainable development in Nigeria.