Endotracheal suctioning is a crucial element in the management of the airway in intensive care units. The effectiveness and complication of the endotracheal suctioning procedure is associated with the method of performing. The procedure requires clinical expertise, so the nurses should perform this procedure safely and effectively. The present study was carried out to assess the gap between knowledge and practice in standard endotracheal suctioning of intensive care unit nurses. In this cross sectional descriptive study knowledge and practice of 118 nurses in the 11 ICU’s of children hospital Lahore, Pakistan was analyzed. The sampling method is purposive. Data were collected using 35 item questionnaire and 31 item checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. The result of the study revealed that the participant have good level of knowledge (mean score 24 ±3.0) and fair level of practice as (mean practice score was 17.85± 5.67) showing that there is a gap between knowledge and practice. There is no relationship between knowledge and practice score. Significant relationship was found between practice score, total experience (p=0.007) and ICU type (p=0.004). The study describes that despite the presence of good knowledge their practice level is not up to the mark. The result shows that there is a need for training in this skill and continue feedback until desire level of skill achieved.

Micro-particles with polymers have got widespread application in formulation and development of various pharmaceutical and Life Sciences for taste masking, improving bioavailability, creating enteric coating, developing sustained released formulation, colon targeting therapy and developing pH dependent formulations. The development of various polymer helps to develop effective drug delivery system in pharmaceuticals and Life Sciences formulations. This polymer helps to create comprehensive drug delivery platform by improved protection, improved solubility and sustained release effect. These polymers are industry choice for the targeted drug delivery profiles. The objective of current manuscript to evaluate importance of Poly (ε-Caprolactone) and Eudragit® and its application in pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Industry for the development of various type of dosage forms

The current study was planned to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and oral acute toxicity study of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata. The soxhlated extraction and standard methods were used for extractions and phytochemical analysis. The drug was administration orally, animal’s observed from cage side observations and mean body weight was taken for 14 days. There phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, saponins and flavonoids. The oral acute toxicity study showed no noticeable clinical signs of toxicity and mortality during 14 days of the study period. No statistically significant alterations in body weights, compared to control group. We conclude that the outcome of the present study may add scientific information of ethanolic, chloroform extracts and acute toxicity study of the leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata to the system of medical specialization. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Baccaurea ramiflora and Microcos paniculata was found to be nontoxic up to 5000 mg/kg body weight, so the LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight

Twenty AGR (wild African giant pouched rat) comprising of ten males and ten females were used for this study. The average weight of twenty adult African giant rats was observed to be 1058.42 ± 37.79g. The average weight of male and female AGR were observed to be 1210.00 ± 56.70g and 911.11 ± 24.50g respectively. The weight showed sexual dimorphism with the male significantly higher than the female. Gross anatomy and morphological studies of the parathyroid glands of the African giant rat revealed that parathyroid glands were two pairs situated in the lateral and inferior in position to the thyroid gland. Histological studies showed that the parathyroid glands were richly supplied with blood and the chief cells were abundant and arranged in form of cords throughout the glands. The chief cells were positive when stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain which showed that glycoprotein was present. Oxyphil cells were also present and were observed to be bigger and fewer than the chief cells.

This study aimed to determine the level of transformational leadership practices by school principals in the national secondary schools in the state of Perak, Malaysia. The four dimensions of transformational leadership studied were vision identification, modeling, goal acceptance and individual support. The study also looks at the level of organizational health as well as the relationship with the practice of transformational leadership by the national secondary school principals’. The respondents consisted of 445 teachers employed in 28 national secondary schools in the state of Perak, Malaysia. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis were used to analyze the influence of the relationship. The study found that school culture functions as a moderator in the relationship between the transformational leadership style of school principals’ and the organizational health of the secondary school teachers’ in the state of Perak, Malaysia. In addition, school culture as a moderator in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational health is a new discovery in the field of leadership. This is because the organizational health of secondary schools has never been investigated by local researchers. Most previous studies have highlighted transformational leadership and school culture has a direct influence on school improvement.

Lymph node swellings are a common clinical presentation in the hospital outpatient departments. Such swellings may be easily investigated by Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) which is safe and yields a rapid diagnosis. Moreover, in developing countries like India where Tuberculosis (TB) is a continual problem, patients frequently present with manifestation of extra pulmonary TB, in which Lymph nodes (LNTB) are predominantly involved. This study was undertaken to assess the cytological spectrum of lymph node pathologies in relation to age, sex and site, with special emphasis on tuberculous lymphadenitis. The study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital for a period of one year. All patients presenting with superficial lymph node swellings were subjected to Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) and categorized according to the diagnosis, age and sex of patient. The data was entered in SPSS V.21 and analyzed. Of the 420 patients presenting with lymphadenopathy, 34.04% were LNTB (Granulomatous Lymphadenopathy) and rest were non LNTB. Among the LNTB 13.99% were children and 86.01 % were adults. Neck nodes (51.05%) were the predominant involvement of LNTB both among children and adults. The peak age group presenting with lymphadenopathies was 40-49.

Keratinophilic fungi are ecologically and epidemiologically significant group of fungi that cycle one of the most abundant and highly stable animal proteins on earth - keratin. Keratinophilic fungi exemplify a vast biodiversity of form, habitat and substrates. However, studies are rather meager in wetland agroecosystems and the present work has been undertaken to record the presence of keratinophilic fungi in a wetland agroecosystem in Kerala, India. Altogether, a total of 38 species of fungi comprising 22 genera were identified from the 120 soil samples collected from different areas of oil palm agricultural fields in the wetland agroecosystem from July 2015 to July 2016. A total of 11 fungi were recorded throughout the study irrespective of seasons. North East monsoon season fetched more fungi (30 species) followed by early summer (29 species), late summer (19 species) and south west monsoon season (18 species). It is clear from the results that soils of Vembanadu wetland agroecosystem provides ideal environment for the growth of keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytes which is be attributed to the high organic debris and keratinous substrates like rodent hair and feathers from birds and other animals and plant litter present in these soils. Thus the presence of these fungi which are human and animal pathogens are considered as bioindicators of environmental pollution with keratinous substrate which can pose risk of human and animal mycoses in the region.

The influence of temperature on the bioleaching of iron from silica sand with Aspergillus niger has been studied with three size fractions of silica sand: +120-212µm, +212-300µm, and +300-425µm over the temperature range 40 to 800C for several hours. The experimental data were fitted to the shrinking core model (ash layer diffusion control and chemical reaction control) and a mixed kinetic model that incorporates a multiplying factor, b. Optimal temperature for bioleaching was found to be 700C and the amount of iron leached increased with decreasing particle size, with +120- 212µm being the most effective particle size fraction. The shrinking core model with chemical reaction control and ash layer diffusion control failed to explain the effect of temperature on the kinetics of bioleaching. The mixed kinetic model with the multiplying factor b=0.2 gave a perfect fit to the experimental data after the second hour of bioleaching. At the early part of the bioleaching process where the mixed kinetic model failed, ash layer diffusion seemed to be in control. Based on our work, a staged bioreactor design that relies on the ash layer and mixed kinetics models may be required for the process.

In recent years, location of mobile devices has become an important factor. Location proof of a particular person relies on his/her mobile device position. One of the valuable features of the location proofs tells about accessing the location based services (LBS) by using mobile devices. Location based services allow users to access services based on the users geographical information. The service is mainly based on location proof which is given by the user and the presence of the user at the given location at a given time. We propose a witness oriented asserted location provenance framework by providing a witness and we also generate the cryptoID for each user. This is based on asserted location proof protocol (ALP). We preserve the location information of the user for a long time. Witness oriented application features a web-based service provider, a desktop-based location authority server, an Android-based user app, and a desktop-based auditor. The results show location proofs effectively, which significantly preserve the source location.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors influencing non-performing loans in registered savings and credit co-operative societies in Kenya: A case study of Trans Elite County SACCO in Nandi County. The study sought to achieve the following research objective to determine the influence of members’ personal characteristics on non-performing loans. The study was guided by asymmetry theory. Research study employed descriptive research design. The target population was 5214 members. The study utilised stratified random sampling design. The researcher randomly sampled 10% of the target population for the study from the SACCO members. The research instrument for this study were structured questionnaires developed by the researcher which included close ended questions giving scales that refer to questions that ask respondents to rank their answers at a particular point on a scale. The questionnaires were piloted in similar SACCO outside the county of study before the actual research to determine their reliability. The validity was determined by giving the questionnaires to the supervisors and research experts to vet the items used in the questionnaires. Data collected for this study was analysed by use of descriptive analysis techniques for which Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 22) was used to analyse data to generate reports in form of frequencies and percentages. The researcher utilized multiple linear regression model to establish the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to establish the strengths between the variables. The findings is presented using tables and percentages arising from the analysis. The findings of the research study is of use to the SACCOs in efforts to deal with non-performing loans. The study also provide insights to policy makers in SASRA and in Central Bank of Kenya. The study further contributed to the existing body of knowledge regarding non-performing loans and motivate further research in other areas which were not covered under this study.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) includes mouth breathing, snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Obstructive sleep apnoea is defined as 5 or more episodes of complete (apnoea) or partial (hypopnea) upper airway obstruction per hour of sleep. In this case report we are describing one such case of sleep apnoea where patient is treated using devices. Satisfactory results were acquired post appliance insertion in the patient thereby indicating that in moderate cases appliances can be used to manage sleep apnoea.

This study examined the impact of mandatory information disclosure on compliance with companies and allied matter Act(CAMA) of telecommunication companies in Nigeria. The study adopted ex-post facto research design which relied on secondary data collected from the financial statements of three (3) telecommunication companies for the period of 2004 to 2015. The multiple regression model was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that computed compliance index of telecommunication companies were partially complied (av.75.6%) with the requirements of regulatory agencies. Furthermore, the finding revealed that accounting policies has significant impact at 1%, this shows positive compliance by the telecommunication companies, balance sheet and profit and loss has significant impact at 5%. This means that there is a partial compliance by the telecommunication companies, the auditor’s report has significant impact at 10%, and this shows weak compliance by the telecommunication companies. While directors report is insignificant. This means that there is non- compliance by the telecommunication companies. It is concluded that the level of compliance with existing regulation required was partial which showed some internal weaknesses and consequent distress in the operations of the telecommunication companies in Nigeria. To this effect, there is a clarion call for the enforcement of full compliance by all the Telecommunication companies in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that National Communication Commission should monitor the compliance with the requirements of mandatory information disclosure and pursue its objective to achieve best corporate governance practices in Nigerian telecommunication companies.

Special stains are dyes that are used for special purpose and are not used routinely in a histopathology laboratory. They are of special interest in research and diagnostic. Most of the special stains are synthetic stains and are composed of harmful chemicals. Continuous and regular exposure to them possesses serious risks to health. Many of the synthetic special stains are found to be genotoxic, mutagenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic. Their safe handling and disposal is very important from the point of view of health and environmental safety. This review focuses on the effects of the chemical dyes on human health.

This study measured the blood pressure, lipid, lipoproteins and total antioxidant status in physically active premenopausal and postmenopausal school teachers in selected secondary schools in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. Thirty six premenopausal (group I) and forty postmenopausal (group II) participated in the study. Body weight, height, waist- hip circumference, Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the teachers were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were calculated using standard formulae. Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by enzymatic methods. Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and Very Low Density Lipoproteins Cholesterol (VLDLC) were calculated using Friedewald's equation. Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) was measured by spectrophotometric method. Results showed that the means of BMI (30.98 ± 4.86), WHR (0.87 ± 0.10), TG (1.74 ± 0.50) and VLDL (0.79 ± 0.23) in group II were increased (p<0.05) when compared with corresponding means of BMI (28.19± 4.81), WHR (0.85± 0.06), TG (0.89 ± 0.80) and VLDL (0.40 ± 0.36) in group I. A decrease in mean TAS (1.16 ± 0.07) in group II was observed when compared with corresponding mean TAS (1.24 ± 0.03) of group I. A negative association (r = -0.371, p<0.01) was observed between age and TAS. No difference was seen in mean SBP, DBP and levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in group II when compared with values of group I. Changes in TAS, lipids and lipoproteins observed in post menopausal women could be associated with oxidative stress, aging process and hormonal changes in menopause and could lead to an increased risk in developing CVD despite absence of a sedentary lifestyle.

Periodontal disease has been recently linked to a variety of systemic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, preterm delivery, and oral cancer. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a lethal disease whose incidence is increasing. The most common bacteria associated with periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has not yet been significantly studied in the malignant gingival tissues. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis in specimens taken from the deeper tissue biopsy in squamous cell carcinoma patients. We have performed Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) technique to investigate the presence of P. gingivalis in deeper tissue biopsy samples of gingival squamous cell carcinoma. P. gingivalis is abundantly present in malignant oral epithelium suggesting a potential association of the bacteria with gingival squamous cell carcinoma. These observations may help to explain, in part, the predominant role that P. gingivalis plays as an infectious agentin oral malignant patients.