A relation is not someone another is acquainted with it. The dominant assumption which occupies the minds of each individual is the bloodline factor. It left many people to commit to undertakings within their capabilities. It is thus a common identity that unifies. It had made people secure. It conveyed the message that they were protected by their common ancestry. It gave people access to the opportunities of the vastness of its space. It was a force that held people together. Everything was set aside to honor its causes. As people started moving in different directions, people’s perceptions of one another changed. The colonial cultures also diluted the cohesion among the people. Present realities have even weakened the entire structure. The new beliefs have worn away the essential elements that held the people together. The writer is experiencing quite a departure of what transpired in the past. Caught between two worlds, he can evaluate the past and the present, believing that the past can be partly restored. This is cultural studies that examines the size of the blood relations now and in the past. Guidelines are provided how relationships can be improved. Obviously, DNA can be used to detect how an individual relates to a group. It is a welcome development, but we keep this study within the traditional method of accounting for groups and subgroups in the large family tree.

The COVID-19 pandemic opened the way for innovative medical education since the face-to-face teaching method for orthodontics before the pandemic was impracticable. This study assessed the acceptability of the learning strategies adopted for teaching orthodontics in the Southern Nigerian Dental schools during the COVID-19 pandemic by the students, the associated challenges faced by them, and their coping strategies. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among Southern Nigerian dental students using a semi-structured Google form questionnaire. Information on socio-demographic data, learning platforms adopted for teaching Orthodontics during the COVID-19 pandemic, acceptability of these platforms, possible challenges faced by the students, and their coping strategies were collected. Data was inputted and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) and inferential statistics (Z-test). The test of significance was set at P< 0.05. There were 118 participants, 64 (54.2%) males and 54 (45.8%) females with a mean age of 25.738+/- 2.94 yrs. The platforms adopted mostly include Zoom, WhatsApp, and Google Meet. Seventy-two (61.0%) respondents accepted the teaching platforms adopted during the pandemic and the challenges faced by the respondents were mainly lack of hands-on clinical sessions and network problems. Forty-seven (40%) of the participants coped by using self-directed learning, 20 (17.2%) used YouTube videos. Most of the students accepted the innovative teaching platforms adopted for teaching Orthodontics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lack of hands-on clinical sessions was the major challenge faced by the students then and they coped well by using self-directed learning and YouTube videos.

Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics, management approaches, and outcomes of revascularization for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis in 6 patients treated at the vascular surgery department of Moulay Ismail Military Hospital in Meknes between December 2021 and December 2024. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 6 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with or without stent placement. Clinical, radiological, and procedural data were collected and analyzed. Results: All patients had cardiovascular risk factors. Technical success was achieved in all patients with an average stenosis reduction of 87%. Complete symptom resolution was observed in 80% of patients. Minor complications, including hematoma at the puncture site, were reported in 1 case. Conclusion: PTA with or without stenting is a safe and effective treatment option for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis, providing significant clinical improvement.

The integration of technology into curriculum delivery has revolutionized the landscape of education, particularly in teacher education. This paper explores the implications of technology-driven methods for teaching the Islamic Studies curriculum in the preparation of trainee teachers. The study examines the impact of incorporating digital methods such as digital storytelling, virtual field trips, simulations, and digital drills and practice in teaching specific topics in Islamic Studies. These methods enhance learner-centered approaches, critical thinking, and student engagement. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing these techniques. By understanding the transformative potential of technology, teacher education programs can equip educators with the necessary skills to navigate the evolving educational landscape and prepare Islamic Studies student-teachers to meet the demands of the 21st century.

Bryophytes are prevalent constituents of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, contributing significantly to the overall biomass in certain environments. This investigation has specifically focused on endophytic fungi within terrestrial bryophytes that grew in winter conditions on surfaces, such as house walls, bricks, or soil. During these periods, species such as Bryum capillare, Polytrichum commune, and Riccia bifurca are commonly observed. These kinds of bryophyte plants during the monsoons do come alive again. These examine the distribution of fungi associated with these bryophyte species. We collected three bryophyte samples from the delta region. Twenty-seven fungal species and 108 endophyte isolates were obtained from 450 tissue segments from three plants. Endophyte isolates belonging to Ascomycetes, Coeleomycetes, Hyphomycetes, Sterile forms, Yeast-like strains and Zygomycetes were recorded. Thus, its diversity was found to be based on the fungi it isolated. The endophyte species were calculated using the method of diversity index, CF%, RPO, species index, and species richness index. We have suggested that even in a relatively small region, the diversity of fungal species can be found in desiccation-tolerant environments.

Introduction: Thyroid hormone resistance (RTHβ) is a rare disorder characterized by reduced tissue responsiveness to thyroid hormones (THs). It is primarily caused by mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene. This case describes a two-year-old boy diagnosed with RTHβ following the incidental detection of elevated thyroid hormones during a routine checkup. The clinical presentation, laboratory findings, genetic analysis, and implications for management are discussed, highlighting the complexities of this rare condition. Patient concern and Clinical Finding: A two-year-old boy was referred to the Pediatric Endocrinology Department due to elevated FT4 and FT3 levels with normal TSH identified in routine blood tests. Born at 36 weeks after an uneventful pregnancy to non-consanguineous parents, the child had normal growth and development until subtle symptoms, such as reduced physical activity, weight loss despite adequate nutrition, and warm, sweaty skin, were observed. Physical examination showed no goiter or ophthalmopathy, with neurological development appropriate for age and weight and height within normal percentiles. Laboratory tests revealed elevated thyroid hormone levels, negative thyroid antibodies, and normal thyroid ultrasound findings. Diagnosis/Intervention/Outcomes: The diagnosis of resistance to thyroid hormone beta (RTHβ) was confirmed through whole exome sequencing, which identified a heterozygous missense mutation in the THRB gene (c.1313G>A; p.R438H). This de novo mutation ruled out inheritance and suggested a sporadic origin. Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests and clinical follow-ups ensured biochemical stability and vigilance for potential symptoms of thyroid dysfunction. The child remained clinically euthyroid with normal growth and development, showing peripheral adaptation to altered thyroid hormone signaling. Long-term surveillance was recommended to monitor for any late-onset complications or thyroid-related symptoms, with an overall favorable prognosis. Conclusion: This case illustrates the complexities of diagnosing and managing RTHβ in a pediatric patient. The identification of a THRB mutation provided a definitive diagnosis and emphasized the utility of genetic testing. Long-term follow-up is essential to monitor the clinical course and adjust management as needed. Further studies are required to elucidate the genotype-phenotype correlations in RTHβ and optimize treatment strategies.

Prosecutors have an important role in law enforcement in society that has a strategic role and position, because they act as a filter in the investigation and examination process in court. The purpose of this study is to find and analyze the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases today, to find and analyze the weaknesses of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases today, to find a reconstruction of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases based on the value of justice. The research method uses the constructivism paradigm, with a sociological legal approach method, and a descriptive research type. The types and sources of data use secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature, and qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study are: 1). The regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and State Administrative cases is not yet fair, namely in the current era, there will be many activities that involve the active role of the government, both legal entities and State Administrative officials, in relations with the community. It is not uncommon for the authority of the government to be disturbed so that efforts are needed to protect and uphold the authority of the government; 2). The weaknesses of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and State Administrative cases currently consist of weaknesses in the aspects of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. The weakness of the legal substance aspect is the absence of a legal statue that specifically and firmly regulates state attorneys, considering that the authority of the Prosecutor as a State Attorney in the civil field is increasingly important. The weakness of the legal structure aspect is the lack of synergy that causes overlapping authority. The weakness of the legal culture aspect is that in the current technological era, crimes can be committed through technology/electronics.

The increasing digitization of medical records and the concurrent rise in cyber threats pose significant challenges to the security and integrity of health data globally. This article reviews contemporary challenges and solutions for enhancing the protection of medical records against potential cyber-attacks and inadvertent breaches. It addresses the current vulnerabilities that exist within systems handling medical records, outlines advanced technological solutions such as encryption, blockchain, AI, and multi-factor authentication, and discusses comprehensive policy measures that include regular audits, privacy by design concepts, and training programs. The article also explores critical legal and ethical considerations, emphasizing the need to balance accessibility and privacy. Finally, it proposes long-term strategic approaches to foster innovation in healthcare cybersecurity. Through this comprehensive review, the article aims to delineate effective strategies for securing medical records in the age of cyber threats, contributing to the safeguarding of patient privacy and the trust integrity of healthcare systems.

Introduction: Anemia is a common disorder in dialysis patients. The use of high doses of erythropoiesis stimulating agents is associated with poor outcomes in this population. The aim of this study, was to describe the response of ESA treatment in hemodialysis patients and determine the factors that can influence this response. Materials and Methods: We compared the effectiveness of erythropoietin treatment using the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI). The patients were divided into two groups according to their ERI: group 1 with ERI>10 UI/kg/week/g/100 ml and group 2 ERI 10 UI/kg/week/g/100 ml. We evaluated the effects of the anthropometric, demographic, clinical, laboratory and dialytic factors on ERI. Results: We found that low BMI, low serum albumin, high C-reactive protein, high serum ferritin and high predialysis serum 2 microglobulin levels were associated with high ERI and a hyporesponsiveness to erythropoietin. A multivariate analysis was showed significant association between high ERI and low serum albumin (OR=0.56; p=0.02). Conclusion: This may provide new contribution into anemia management in Hemodialysis patients. However, more prospective studies with a larger sample population are needed to generalize our results.

This paper presents a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based approach for medical image fusion, implemented using Verilog HDL and verified with Xilinx ISE. The methodology involves fusing CT and MRI images using the Haar wavelet transform and validating the results through simulation and synthesis. Tools such as MATLAB are used for cross-verification. The objective is to enhance diagnostic accuracy and support medical imaging applications through efficient hardware design.

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from the mucosal linings of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Locally advanced HNSCC (LA-HNSCC), encompassing stages III and IV, involves large tumors and regional lymph node metastases without distant spread, contributing to high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the clinical features of LA-HNSCC is crucial for improving treatment strategies and patient outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with LA-HNSCC and their impact on treatment outcomes, specifically comparing the TPLF and LFP regimens. Methods: An experimental study was conducted at Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College & Hospital from January to December 2015, involving 60 patients with LA-HNSCC. Patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (TPLF or LFP regimens) followed by concurrent chemoradiation. Data was collected through patient interviews, clinical evaluations, and laboratory tests. The primary outcome measures were tumor regression, clinical response, and acute toxicities. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of patients were male (80% in Arm A and 77% in Arm B) and over 50 years old. Smoking prevalence was high (83.3% in Arm A and 80% in Arm B). The most common primary tumor sites were the oral cavity (Arm A: 30%, Arm B: 33.3%) and oropharynx (Arm A: 23.3%, Arm B: 26.7%). Neck node swelling, pain, dysphagia, and weight loss were the most frequent clinical complaints. No statistically significant differences were found between the two treatment arms in terms of age, smoking, occupation, ECOG performance status, or histological grading. Conclusion: Both TPLF and LFP regimens provided similar outcomes in terms of clinical characteristics and treatment response in patients with LA-HNSCC. These results suggest that the choice between TPLF and LFP regimens may not significantly influence treatment outcomes. Further research is needed to explore additional factors affecting treatment efficacy and refine therapeutic strategies for LA-HNSCC.

This project introduces a cutting-edge solar-powered rover designed to revolutionize environmental analysis and boost agricultural productivity. Featuring advanced monitoring and control systems, the rover incorporates high-performance solar panels, a sophisticated battery management system, and adaptable operational modes to maintain optimal performance in varying conditions. Outfitted with precise sensors for analyzing water quality (pH, turbidity, TDS), soil moisture, and weather metrics (temperature, humidity), it provides an extensive suite of environmental monitoring capabilities, complemented by real-time data recording. A sleek, user-centric web dashboard and mobile app facilitate effortless interaction, offering customizable interfaces, remote management, and Bluetooth connectivity. The integration of machine learning enhances predictive analytics and dynamic decision-making, while autonomous navigation with obstacle avoidance ensures smooth traversal across challenging terrains. This pioneering solution redefines agricultural efficiency, fostering sustainable practices through intelligent automation and actionable insights.

This thesis's motive is to recognize the challenges that university students face while trying to speak English because of the effect of their educational background and it aims to uphold the role of teachers to assist students in overcoming those challenges using motivation and teaching strategies according to social-psychological aspects of Applied Linguistics. The data are collected from Army-governed universities, Schools, and Colleges from a sub-district and a renowned education consultant center in Bangladesh. There were 100 participants, and it used a mixed method. The failure of students to speak English at the tertiary level, this research identifies the possible barriers and suggests some solutions that will be effective for all English speakers. In most cases, the highest obstacles are anxiety, inferiority, lack of self-motivation, and dependency on the native language in academics. It also finds that the focus is mostly given to writing skills in the mentioned institutions as well as motivation, co-curricular activities, building a friendly and interactive environment in the classroom, improving the assessment policy, and equal facilities in educational institutions can overcome these challenges. It indicates the social, economic, and psychological obstacles that may block students from Speaking English in a public place and offers some methods to build student-friendly classrooms where students' both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation can be boosted.

Bangladesh is a Muslim dominated country. Many of the Muslims are practicing Muslims. Islam has influence on the life of Muslims and many aspects of women human rights are influenced by Islam. Marriages, divorce, maintenance of wife, inheritance are regulated by Islamic laws. Some other aspects are regulated by secular laws. Bangladesh is signatory to many International conventions and declarations regarding women human rights. So Bangladesh women human rights are emanated from Islamic sharia laws, Bangladesh constitution, policies of the government and international declarations and conventions. In many respects women human rights in Islam and the rights emanate from secular sources are consistent with minor inconsistency where Bangladesh has made reservation. But the problem is that these rights are not observed properly. Local cultures have significant influence on the non-observance of women human rights in Bangladesh. As many of us are Muslims and we observe women human rights in Islam, it will uphold women rights in Bangladesh.

This study aims to analyse the effect of intrinsic motivation and work discipline on employee performance with organisational commitment as an intervening variable at Puskesmas Siwalan, Pekalongan Regency. The research sample consisted of 58 employees, and the data were analysed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the Smart PLS tool. The results showed that intrinsic motivation and work discipline had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Organisational commitment also proved to be a variable that mediates the relationship significantly. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening intrinsic motivation and work discipline as key factors for improving performance in the healthcare work environment. This study provides practical implications for health centre management to develop performance improvement strategies through strengthening employee motivation and commitment.