This study seeks to evaluate the influence of change in Distribution of the national dividend/income on the welfare of the Nigerians, utilizing secondary data sourced from central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin between the periods 1986 to 2015. To achieve the objectives of this study, Unit root test, Johansen Cointegration, and Pairwise Granger Causality test were employed. The results show that while the study variables are stationary at level, the results of Johansen‟s Cointegration and Granger Causality Test indicate the absence of any significant long run relationship as well as any significant level of support and/or promotion on the Nigerian economy and the study's explanatory variables. The results might probably be attributed to the following factors which prevail significantly in Nigeria. This factors includes Lack of feminine activity privatization especially in the business world and meagre funds disbursed to the minorities like the small and medium scale enterprises. In the light of this findings, study recommended that the nation should uphold a fairer and more lucid income distribution technique towards allocating more to those with lower income/ finally, Taxation should be done progressively to avoid the tax burden resting evenly on all income group of the economy.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs within three district of Jos South Local Government area of Plateau state, Nigeria. A total of 200 pigs were sampled. Faecal samples were analyzed using the saturated sodium flotation method. A total prevalence of 31% was recorded; with Ascaris suum 12.5% followed by Oesophagustomum 12%, Strogyloid Spp 3%, Eimeria Oocyts 3% and Strongyle Spp 2.5%. There was higher prevalence in female (58%) than males (42%), and also higher prevalence in adults pigs (35.7%) than young pigs (20%) which was significantly different (P<0.05). There was also higher prevalence in Du district (32.5%) than Vwang and Kuru (30%) but was not significant (P>0.05). This study therefore confirms the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in pigs and it was therefore recommended that farmers improve on their bio-security and also adhere to routine de-worming regimen.

This study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation on partial employee satisfaction, work commitment to partial employee satisfaction, as well as work motivation and job commitment to employee satisfaction simultaneously at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province. The population of this study are three Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jambi Province, namely Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Olak Kemang Jambi City, Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Temiang Island Tebo District, Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Muaro Bulian Batanghari Regency as many as 293 teachers and employees. Sampling technique using probability sampling technique with the number of samples of 169 teachers and employees. Analysis method using path analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent (0,05). Before further analyzed first tested the instrument and the classical assumption test. Analytical tool using SPSS version 21.0 for windows. The results showed that work motivation and work commitment have positive and significant impact on employee satisfaction.

The efficiency of the vortisand unit was tested on water treatment to produce water suitable for different purposes. Its efficiency was recorded in improving some of the physicochemical properties of raw water and the produced water and compared to Iraqi specifications. Samples were collected regularly from both raw and produced water during the months of December 2016 and January and May and June 2017. Both physical and chemical properties, including pH, Electrical conductivity μs \cm, Temperature °C, Turbidity NTU, Dissolved Oxygen mg\L ,Total Dissolved Solid mg\L and Total Suspended Solid mg\L were examined as well as Total plate count CFU \ ml and Total coliform cell\100ml.The results of the pH produced by the unit of vortisand showed that they were located within the weak base side, ranging from 7.3 to 7.93. The temperature of the produced water ranged from 9.66 to 30.5 while turbidity decreased from 343.33 to 2.88 NTU .The rates of electrical conductivity within the permissible limits, with the highest value of water produced 1026.66. While there was no good reduction in the number of total plate count and coliform bacteria with high soluble solids values.

It is very vital for this profession to provide Nursing care and treatment with great quality and respond to client’s requirements. Leadership styles has a great role in professional task achievement, in this study was investigated the relationship between leadership styles (Transformational & transactional leadership style) work related stress in registered staff nurses. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of leadership styles for reducing work related stress among nurses. Quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design was used. Demographic information was presented such as age, sex, education, experience etc. In second part, transactional, transformational leadership style and work load questions are analyzed on the basis of 5 point Likert scale (1= strongly agree 2= Disagree 3= Neutral 4= Agree 5= strongly agree). Simple convenient sampling technique was used and Sample size was 180 Nurses from selected hospital. Reliability was checked on Cronbach, s alpha, it was .925 for Work Load, .969 for Transformational Leadership Style and .803 for Transactional Leadership Style that is reliable. Data was analyzed through SPSS software 21, and results shows that transformational leadership style has significant negative correlation with workload (r = -.673, p =0.00). While transactional has significant positive relation with work load (r =.493, p =.000). Transformational leadership style has negative relationship with work load. While transactional has positive relation with work load

Lameness & mastitis are recognized as one of the most important disease affecting the broiler chicken and dairy cattle respectively. The study was performed to observe the biochemical characters and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causing lameness in broiler chickens and mastitis in cows. Characters of the isolates were determined by biochemical tests such as mannitol fermentation, catalase, coagulase test. To investigate the antibiogram profiling, frequently used antibiotic discs were tested. From this study, it was observed that at least 84% isolates of S. aureus from lame broiler chicken and mastitic cow’s milk sample showed positive result in mannitol fermentation test, catalase and coagulase test respectively. But all isolates showed negative result in oxidase and motility test. Interestingly all the bacterial isolates from both broiler and milk sample showed different antibiogram profiling. Antibiotic susceptibility testing suggested that approximately more than 45-65% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and about 25% resistant to amoxicillin in all isolates. The study reveals that more than 32% isolates were susceptible to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 35% chicken isolates were vancomycin resistant. Maximum resistance was observed against azithromycin (68%) of mastitic cow isolates. The present study also showed that S. aureus was most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (86-100%). Based on results of this study we conclude that drug resistance of S. aureus may vary with the antibiotics being used and with different population.

Training of nursing student is very important for the professional development and quality of care. The purpose of this study is to assess the gap between theory and training classes in nursing education system at The University of Lahore, Pakistan. 150 nursing student were the subject of this study. Study consist of three objectives first objective was to assess the nature of learning ,theory ,training of nursing student’s second objective was to assess the gap between theory & training classes third objective of the study was to assess the causes of gap between theory and training classes The quantitative and descriptive design is used in this study. The questionnaire consists of two sections i.e. demographic information section and the other section consists of questions regarding nature of learning, theory and training gap and its causes of the nursing students in education system .The result of this study shows that there is gap between theory and training classes among the students .The university focuses on the learning of the students but they lack the confidence similarly, there is weak bonding between students and teacher, communication between students and teacher and less trained clinical instructor as the main cause of gaps between theory and practice gap in the nursing department .The study conclude that student’s theoretical knowledge is better than the training performance. The faculty at the clinical setting is not up to the standard that can decrease the theory and practice gap and enhance the nursing student’s performance

Giardia is a common protozoan parasite infecting children in developing countries and is known to result protein loss in infected children. The objective of this study was to assess the association of plasma protein profile with Giardiasis among children in district Anantnag of Kashmir valley. The study included 268 children aged 5-15 years belonging to both the genders. Stool samples collected from children were screened for Giardia infection and blood samples were analysed to estimate plasma protein, albumin and globulin levels. The results showed a significant decrease in mean values of total protein between infected and uninfected children from 6.71±0.96 to 7.01±0.98. The mean values of albumin also showed a decrease in their values between infected and uninfected children from 3.7±0.45 to 4.21±0.51 and that of globulin showed an increase in mean values from 3.01±0.91 to 2.8±0.58 between infected and uninfected children. However the difference was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05).

Biodegradable gemifloxacin microparticles were prepared to eradicate the resistant type pneumonia. For preparation of microparticles different techniques (solvent evaporation, solvent-evaporation crosslinking, double emulsion and spray drying) were used and compared. The process of spray drying using poly(d,l-lactic co-glycolic)acid was choosen considering the particle size and percentage yield. The critical processes as well as product related parameters were identified by Quality by Design approach. Optimization of formulation was performed by Taguchi design using particle size, percentage yield and percentage encapsulation efficiency as dependent variable while drug to polymer ratio, aspirator rate, inlet temperature and flow rate as independent variable. Optimized formulation was evaluated for particle size, percentage yield, percentage entrapment efficiency, in-vitro diffusion study and aerodynamic behavior. Taguchi design suggest that the batch containing drug to polymer (2:1), aspirator rate(50), inlet temperature (65°C) and flow rate (10ml/min) gives highest encapsulation efficiency (84%) and lowest particle size (2.75µm). The DSC and FTIR study revealed that there was no significant interaction between drug and polymer. The result of diffusion study revealed that the optimized batch was released at a controlled rate. Overall, the proposed formulation can be explored for inhalation route by the patient to achieve better targeting in deeper parts of lungs

Abstract: Significant challenges for pharmaceutical scientists still exist despite numerous technological advancements in the field, and the efficient ocular drug delivery remains elusive. Exclusive and exquisite barrier characteristics, unique physiology make the ocular milieu impervious to xenobiotics. Precorneal residence, mucoadhesion and transmembrane permeation needs to be improved using topical non-invasive strategies across ocular surface show promise for the intraocular delivery. Viable advantages such as higher drug loading, tailored drug release, bio-compatibility and mucoadhesive properties can improve delivery of lipophilic drug using colloidal nanoparticulate frameworks. Lipid based systems comprise solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). Nanoparticles are better internalized in ocular epithelial tissues by endocytosis/transcytosis mechanisms and diffuse rapidly owing to their nano size. Penetration and retention characteristics of ocular small molecule therapeutics can be dramatically improved by the surface functionalization of lipid nanoparticles. This review summarizes scientific results such as articles and patents that involve the potential application of lipid nanoparticles as platform for the ocular drug delivery.

The support of an electronic health record (EHR) is directed under current health care regulation improvement. The EHR provides information that is patient focused and advances patient safety. There are limited data; nevertheless, regarding the perception of nurses headed for the use of the EHR. The purpose of this project was to identify nurses’ perception for the use of the EHR. Design: Quantitative descriptive survey was used to determine perception for the electronic health record. Nurses in a health care system completed an online survey to determine their perception toward the EHR in providing patient care. Generally, participants felt the EHR was beneficial, did not add to the load, enhanced documentation, and would not eradicate any nursing jobs. Nursing recognition and the use of the EHR are compulsory for the successful addition of an EHR and to provision the aim of patient-centered care. Identification of perception and potential obstacles nurses in using the EHR will improve patient protection, communication, decrease costs, and allow those who implement an EHR

Abstract: Soft skill analysis is held on students of SMK N 13 West Jakarta in 2017 followed by 20 student representatives. Soft skills are a person's skill in dealing with others (interpersonal skills) and intra-personal skills that are capable of developing maximum performance. The purpose of this soft skill workshop is to analyze the different test of soft skills understanding before and after the soft skill workshop implementation on the students of SMK N 13 Jakarta. Quantitative descriptive analysis method, with different test analysis tool (T-test). The result of research or Community Service (PPM) of Mercu Buana University is that there is a real difference of soft skill understanding for students of SMK N 13 Jakarta between their understanding of soft skill before and after the soft skill workshop is held.

Employing standard precautions means taking precautions with everybody. If precautions are taken with everyone, health care workers do not have to make assumptions about people's lifestyles and risk of infection. Health care workers should have the right to protect themselves against infection, whether it is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis or anything else. And clients have also the right to get safe service. The main objective of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of Nurses on Standard precautions. The quantitative cross-sectional study design was used with random sampling (n=150) from Mayo Hospital. Using the self-administered questioner, data was analyzed SPSS 21 version and application of chi-square test with (p=<0.05). Current study showed that participant always wash hands immediately after removing gloves were 92 %( n=139) agree, nurses should take self-protective measure, 75.3% (n=114) participants were agree. Participant who don’t always wash hands after removing protective gloves were (n=99)92.0% participants were agree. AIDS presents a serious occupational hazard to health care work 94% (n=144) Participants were agree. There was no significant association found in qualification and knowledge of nurses regarding recapping of infected needle, by recapping infected needle risk of AIDS is decrease .The qualification of participants did effect on the recapping of infected needle p=0.083 with chi-square value a which is >.05.Significant association in qualification and transmission of disease by infected needle. Every nurse should have a knowledge attitude and practice of standard precaution. There is a need to improve the knowledge and provide training especially universal precautions transmission of disease

Abstract: This article provides a descriptive account of the morphosemantics of verb extension in C’lela. It examines the forms, and the semantic functions of the various verbal extensions in the language. The article looks at the simple concatenative and non-concatenative morphological operations that relate to core arguments in verb extension in C’lela. The study discovers that while most Niger-Congo / Bantu languages use affixation in verb extension processes; C’lela often employs a non-concatenative system to achieve similar processes. The present analysis contributes to the studies on verb extension in Niger-Congo languages.

Catechin and quercetin are the major bioactive phenolic compound of Acacia catechu, was estimated and validated by RP- HPLC in khadirarista. The analytical method validation was carried out according to ICH method validation guidelines. The development was carried out in Lichrosper 100 C-18(250*4.6*5) column and gradient elution. The determining wavelength was confirmed as 280nm and 360nm for catechin and quercetin. The detection and quantification limits of catechin were 0.57mcg/ml & 1.74mcg/ml and for quercetin 0.52mcg/ml & 1.51mcg/ml respectively. The developed HPLC method is very accurate, precise and cost effective and it can be successfully applied to the assay of marketed formulation