This design applies a STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer (SCM) as a main control chip, and uses the information of road surface transmitted from sensing modules like cameras, infrared sensors and ultrasonic sensors to monitor and identify obstacles and adjust the driving directions of an intelligent car, thereby realizing the functions of velocity measurement and obstacle avoidance. The preliminary experiment of exploring the intelligent car shows that this designing scheme is valuable to refer and apply to some extent.

The elaboration of new effective and ecologically friendly regulators improving growth and increasing yield of oilseed rape is an actual problem for modern agriculture. Our work was devoted to screening of new effective plant growth regulators among chemical low molecular weight heterocyclic compounds, derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine to improve the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) of cultivar Kalinivsky. As a result of the conducted experiments, the most effective synthetic compounds that showed a high stimulating effect when used in concentration 10-9M on the growth of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings were selected. It was found that biometric indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the 10-9M solution of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine were increased by an average to 11 - 30 % – by length of shoots, by an average to 8 - 68 % – by total number of roots, and by an average to 5 - 43 % – by total length of roots, as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) or on the 10-9M solution of plant hormones auxins IAA (1H-Indol-3-ylacetic acid) and NAA (1-Naphthylacetic acid). The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the 10-9M solution of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine was increased by an average to 14 - 20 % – by content of chlorophyll a, by an average to 15 - 21 % – by content of chlorophyll b, by an average to 16 – 18 % – by content of chlorophyll a+b, as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) and were increased by an average to 14 - 26 % – by content of carotenoids as compared with similar indices of 21st-day-old oilseed rape seedlings grown on the distilled water (control) or grown on the 10-9M solution of IAA and NAA, respectively. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of using of derivatives of oxazole and oxazolopyrimidine as new effective regulators to improve oilseed rape growth.

Modernized efforts for harnessing Nigeria‟s abundant water resources for municipal water supply; irrigation and power generation commenced around 1923 when the first earth dam was constructed. Subsequently many more dams were constructed in the 1970s during the oil boom. And presently more dams are built in a pattern described as a form of top down approach intervention or maladjustment that lacked proper planning; community participation that not only hinder optimal and efficient utilization of resources but threaten sustainability of the projects. Legal, institutional and policy framework / documents that evolved over time to create access, set standards and enforce regulations such as; the (Nigeria)Waterworks Act of 1915, the River Basin Development Authority (RBDA) Decree 25 of 1976 (1979 and 1987), the National Water Resources Master Plan, 1995, the National Water Policy 2004, National Irrigation Policy and Strategy for Nigeria of 2005 and the National Water Resources Master Plan 2013 among other legal/institutional and policy frameworks expounded on and intended to address challenges of water resources development and management in the Country. The aim of this paper is to present an appraisal of these policy and institutional framework in integrating or mainstreaming ecosystem based watershed management. We conduct a review of these frameworks. Our findings reveal that there is a paradigm shift from structural (engineering or hardware) approach to an integrated approach to water resources management that emphasized Ecosystem-Based Watershed Management. The most recent of these frameworks underlined the cross-cutting nature of water resources management and calls for synergy and collaboration, involving users, planners and policymakers at all levels through participation, and with coordination and technical competence of specialized basin entities or Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) as well as research institutions, donor and development partners. The recommendations are geared towards improving cooperation and complementing efforts and commitments of the MDAs.

Risks plays significant part in the construction projects success. Risk identification and assessment failure may result to inefficiency in the procedures of managing risks, in which may critically have an impact on the projects’ resources. A proper risk management is hardly applied in construction projects as a result of the lack of contractors’ awareness of critical risks. The purpose of this paper is to base its focus on the examination of risk factors in construction projects.

In developing countries, the sexually transmitted infection is one of top five diseases to which adults seek for medical help. There is an association between common STIs and sexual transmission of HIV. Therefore, control of STIs receives attention to control the spread of HIV. A retrospective study was conducted in Teaching Hospital Batticaloa during the period between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1190 cases were newly registered in STD clinic, of which 317 cases were confirmed to be having STIs. A total of 317 confirmed cases of infection episodes were recorded in all patients attended to STD clinics during this three years. Of which, 96.8% were due to STI and 3.2% due to lower reproductive infections. Among the STIs; genital herpes (22.71; Syphilis (16.71%). gonorrhoea infection 4.41%. Trichomonas vaginalis was 7.25%. During the period of three years only one case of HIV was identified. Hepatitis B infection constitutes to 15.14% stays in order next to Syphilis .bacterial infections shows a decreasing trend while a gradual increase of viral infections is observed. Public health should be strengthened especially use of condom and avoiding sexual contact with unreliable sexual partner in order to control STIs

The research was conducted to evaluate effect of different concentrations of IBA on rooting of guava in Fruit Crop Research Program, Horticultural Research Institute (HRI), NARC Islamabad. Semi hard wood cuttings, 5-6’’ in length having 2 to 3 buds, of guava cultivar was taken from about 1 to 1/2 year old uniform guava branches. These cuttings were treated with IBA 4000, 3000, 2000 and 1000 ppm while untreated cuttings were used as control. The greenhouse was equipped with heater and air cooler keeping the temperature at 240C and relative humidity was maintained at 60-70 % during the experiment period. Cuttings were irrigated through mist and the cuttings were planted in experimental pots containing sandy soil. The data was recorded for rooting percentage, number of roots per cuttings, root length per cutting and survival percentage. It was concluded that the cuttings treated with IBA 2000 ppm produced maximum number of roots. While in survival the IBA 2000 ppm is at the top. In all treatment very small difference exist without control treatment in which variation were exist, while in IBA the difference between different parameter were existed.

Buildings in hot countries experience significant amount of heat gain through windows and this affects the thermal comfort of buildings' occupants. The proposed glazing is specially designed to reduce the electricity consumption for lighting and cooling. The optical properties of the glazing have been optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The glazing consists of ITO and four periodic pairs of Si/SiO2, deposited on a glass sheet. The fabrication of the glazing and the testing has been performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Magnetron sputtering technique has been used for the fabrication. The optimum thicknesses of ITO, Si and SiO2, obtained from the simulation and the experimental work, are 0.1 μm, 0.15 and o.4 μm, respectively. The glazing transmits 70-80% of the visible light and reflects almost all the infrared radiation.

In the contemporary victimological research, there has been a substantial growth in the study of the aftereffects of crime on the victims and how to assist them. Apart from physical and financial loss, victims of crime suffer from emotional losses. Such emotional losses may be in the form of depression, lowering of self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The traditional criminal justice administration is bed rocked on the concept that the victims of crime get justice when the accused is convicted and sentenced to imprisonment. In recent times experiences in many countries across the globe have shown that one of the effective way of addressing the needs of the crime victims is by establishing within the criminal justice system programs that will provide victims of crime social, financial, emotional and psychological support.

We present a rare entity of incidentally detected microscopic thymoma in the thymectomy specimen of a female with early onset myasthenia gravis. The thymus was of normal size radiologically and macroscopically. Histological sections examined show multifocal tiny thymic epithelial proliferation suggestive of microscopic thymoma. Microscopic thymomas are rare tumours and less than 20 cases have been reported worldwide

The acronym CHARGE is used to describe specific congenital birth defects in children: Colobomata, Heart defect, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies or deafness. To confirm a diagnosis of CHARGE association, the presence of at least four of these six abnormalities is sufficient

The skin is the largest organ in the body. A multitude of diseases are linked to an insufficient or overactive dermal vasculature. Vessels change their phenotype,i.e. vascular remodelling in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse the dermal vascular alterations in various inflammatory skin diseases & to assess their utility in establishing the differential diagnosis. A unicenter study of 55 (fifty five) skin biopsies received from patients of various non tumorous common inflammatory skin diseases such as, psoriasis, lichen planus, erythema multiform, blistering (bullous) lesions and 10 control samples were studied. Morphometric analysis was performed on CD 34 immunostained sections using image analysis software (Leica Q Win V3 software analysis system). Mean vascular density (MVD) and mean vascular calibre (MVC) was calculated. The MVD was maximum in psoriasis, followed by lichen planus, bullous lesions and erythema multiform. MVD in psoriasis was significantly higher than the controls. MVC was highest in psoriasis followed by erythema multiform, lichen planus and bullous lesions. The MVC in psoriasis, erythema multiform, lichen planus, bullous lesions were significantly higher than the controls. Elongated, tortuous blood vessels were more prominent in psoriasis. The endothelial changes noted were swelling in the form of nuclear hypertrophy, increased cytoplasm and endothelial gaps. Angiogenesis was increased in inflammatory skin diseases and it was highest in psoriasis. Therefore, therapeutic intervention at the level of vasoproliferation may prove to be useful.

HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge for the developing as well as the developed world. Globally, 35.0 million (33.2–37.2 million) people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. [1] Although many HIV‑infected individuals avoid risky behaviours, still substantial numbers of HIV‑infected persons, continue to engage in HIV transmission risk behaviours. To find out the Socio-Demographic, Behavioural characteristics and Clinical profile of People (Males more than 15 years) Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). An institutional based cross sectional study was carried out among People (male >15 years) living with HIV /AIDS (PLHA) attending Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART) Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM) for 12 months from May 2012 to April 2013. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information. Maximum population (40.5%) belong to the age group 31-40 years followed by 24.1% in 41-50 years. Majority had coital debut at the age of 26-30 years (35.9%). First sexual partner among 41.7% was female commercial sex worker; 74.4% participants were not into monogamous relationship. More than half of study population (51.1%) were currently sexually active and 55.36 % of currently sexually active participant consistently used condom. Majority of the study population suffered from tuberculosis (28.2%) followed by candidiasis (24.5%). PLHA should be trained on safe sex strategy, correct and consistent use of condom among themselves & their partner as well as maintaining monogamous relationship. More involvement of Community Care centre to reinforce, care and counselling, support of PLHA against Opportunistic infection will reduce their poor health burden. IEC activities to promote value based lifestyle with reducing vulnerabilities among PLHA and creating a strong network among PLHA will prevent such harmful behaviour

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts of six marine macroalgae belonging to different families namely green algae (Chlorophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and the red algae (Rhodophyceae) collected from the intertidal area of the Sudanese Red Sea coast near Port Sudan. Successive extraction techniques using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water were used for extracting the active principles of the algae and the disc-diffusion method was performed to examine the activity of the crude extracts against four pathogenic bacteria and one fungus. Most of the tested algal extracts exhibited considerable bioactivity and inhibited the growth of most of pathogenic microorganisms under investigation. The chloroform extract of the red alga Gracillaria sp produced a maximum inhibition zone of 22 mm against Escherichia coli whereas the chloroform extract of the red alga Laurencia papillosa showed a low antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibition zone of 5 mm against Bacillus subtilis.

Carcinomatous meningitis from solid tumors has not been investigated in detail in the Moroccan population. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with this disease to determine its clinical features and treatment outcomes in Moroccan patients. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with solid cancers admitted to the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail in Meknes, Morocco with carcinomatous meningitis between January 2011 and December 2017. A total of 12 patients were included. 5 were males and 7 were females. The median age was 54 years old (39 – 77 years old). The most frequent primary tumor was breast cancer (50%) and lung cancer (34%). The median time from initial cancer diagnosis to the development of carcinomatous meningitis was 6.9 months (0 – 49 months). The most common symptoms were headache (67%), nausea and vomiting (42%), and vision changes (34%). The diagnosis of CM was established by both CSF cytology and MRI in 25% of patients, by CSF cytology alone in 17%, and by MRI alone in 58%. One of the 12 patients received supportive care only. Chemotherapy was the only treatment for 50% of patients, 17% received radiotherapy alone, and 25% received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median survival from the time of carcinomatous meningitis diagnosis was 9 weeks (2 – 29 weeks). Our results confirm the continued poor prognosis of carcinomatous meningitis in Moroccan patients with solid tumors as well. Further clinical trials are needed to improve therapeutic strategies including prophylactic approaches

Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is generally the first stage in microwave communication system. The quality factor of the receiver is greatly determined by the performance of LNA. Design of a low noise amplifier (LNA) is a very critical as it amplifies the received signal and contributes most of the noise figure of whole receiver. LNA is an integral component of RF receiver and it performs various functions i.e. amplification, noise reduction, Noise Figure reduction, better stabilization and noise immunization. However, design of a LNA requires the tradeoff of many important parameters including gain, Noise Figure (NF), stability, power consumption, cost and design complexity. In this paper, we have designed and optimize the performance of a single stage stable LNA through an optimization algorithm. Our optimized single stage LNA circuit provides a gain of 11.78 dB and noise figure of 1.86 dB. These are the most important design parameter of a LNA. In this design, a microwave BJT numbered AT3103 from Avago technologies was used. The simulation and performance optimization was carried out in Agilent design package Advance Design Systems (ADS). This LNA operates at center frequency of 2 GHZ and it can be used in L-Band satellite applications.