A single cylinder, 4-stroke spark ignition engine type Prodit; fueled with supplementary Natural gas to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) was used in this paper to investigate the emitted CO pollutants. The effect of equivalence ratio, spark ignition timing, engine speed, and the added NG volumetric ratio on CO emissions were tested experimentally. The study outcomes revealed that CO levels depend mainly on the equivalence ratio, as the maximum value of CO concentrations existed at the very rich equivalence ratios and it low at lean side. Retarding spark timing increased the CO concentrations by a significant percentage. The CO levels became higher at high speeds and reduced at medium speeds. Increasing natural gas volumetric ratio in the mixture caused a reduction in CO levels.

The study aimed to determine the radioactivity concentration and radiological assessment in Soil samples around Abu Jubayha, Eastern Nuba Mountains was made by gamma spectrometry technique equipped with NaI (Tl). The result of activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were varied from 23.58 ±7.86 (18.02-29.14), 36.14 ± 5.17 (32.48 -39.79) and 381.88± 127.43 (291.78 - 417.99) Bqkg-1 respectively. Absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose were estimated to evaluate radiological hazards and were varied from 39.47±8.6 (33.38-45.55) nGyh- 1and 38.43±10.56 (40.97-55.9)µSvy-1, respectively .Upon comparing the results with global data, they were found to be within the recommended limits. The result will be serving as a base line for future studies. GIS apocalyptic map was originated and has shown that there were some hot spots with high activity distribution and concentrations of the measured radionuclide and similarly Dose Rate.

Abstract: It is always important to determine distribution of insurance claims in order to estimate future expected values. This study seeks to determine the normality fit to the population data of health insurance. Secondary data collected from Dormaa Municipal Health Insurance Scheme and Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), Excel spreadsheet, and Easy fit. It was found that the population data submitted by 28 health facilities to Dormaa Municipal Health Insurance Scheme follows normal distribution.

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the bandgap energy, lattice constants, optical confinement factor, and physical properties of InGaN based quantum well lasers for 1.55 µm applications. Linear interpolation between the experimentally determined values of InN and GaN is used to calculate the lattice constants and the composition of the composite InGaN for the desired bandgap energy. Solving the Schrödinger equation in conjunction with k.p method and Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian matrix operator, the band profiles are calculated for the quantum well structure. First, the probability distribution is calculated, later which describes the electron density in the quantum well, and a value of 10-18 cm-3 is found from the calculations. In addition, the energies of conduction and valence bands are clearly demonstrated, and the corresponding heavy and light holes states are examined clearly. Determination of these parameters is of immense important for the microstructural fabrication, laser pumping power requirements, and practical applicability of the proposed laser structure.

Abstract: This paper centred on the utilization of electronic resources on Islamic Studies in Nigerian Universities. The paper highlighted the types and importance of electronic resources in teaching and learning of Islamic Studies. It discussed the challenges faced by staff and students in the utilization of such resources. Possible solutions to the challenges were proffered. This is followed by conclusion and recommendations.

The purpose of this study was to assess the general perception about TVET, and its contribution to socioeconomic status in preparatory school students of Amhara Regional State. To attain this objective descriptive survey research method was employed. The subjects of the study were 226 preparatory school students of five selected districts. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the target schools, while simple random sampling techniques were employed to select the sample preparatory students. To gather the necessary data questionnaires and interview were used; the gathered information was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative method of data analysis. The liner regression was used to determine if there are significant relationship between the perception and contribution to socio economic status. The results of the study shows that there was significant relationship between perception and contribution of socio economic status of TVET, they believed that TVET have strong contribution to society’s economic status. However, the relative average mean score shows that there was positive perception from preparatory students and respondent also strongly agreed to contribution of TVET to socio economic status. Evidence shows that positive perceptions about TVET have a great contribution to society’s socio economic status. However, the provision of the program should reach everywhere there was preparatory schools in the region and providing training which plays role in the contribution of socioeconomic status of the societies. Thus, based on finding of the study, recommendations are forwarded to mitigate the aforementioned problem.

A thorough knowledge of the root canal configuration including the morphology of teeth involved in root canal treatment is fundamental for effective endodontic treatment. This case report discusses successful management of five cases of c-shaped canal configuration.

The important role played by entrepreneur as an agent of economic transformation in every civilized society is mostly visible in terms of employment and wealth generation, competitiveness and economic strength of a modern nation. There is growing evidence to support the view that when people were exposed entrepreneurship trainings and education programs, they tend to be more inclined towards entrepreneurial actions, and sometimes even become more effective as entrepreneurs. The current economic realities in many developing economies have unavoidably forced policy makers and the academics to place very high priority on developing entrepreneurial skills and knowledge through education. This paper attempts to give a critical review of various literatures and related studies on entrepreneurial competencies and shows how these competencies can be relevant and critical for lecturers teaching entrepreneurship courses in higher learning institutions. Based on the reviewed related literatures in the study, it was discovered that lecturers must possess some basic entrepreneurial competencies for effective teaching to their students as well as to develop students‟ entrepreneurial skills and knowledge which are considered necessary for new venture management and new venture creation. Three competencies that found to be very important for entrepreneurship lecturers are; entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitudes. It recommended that this area of research should be broadened and lecturers should develop their own competencies so that students aspiring in entrepreneurship can be aware of them which can have greater chances in their entrepreneurial success.

A supernumerary tooth is an extra tooth in any region of dental arch with predilection for premaxilla and are associated with various developmental disorders and syndromes. Here we present a case of supernumerary tooth present in left maxilla region and its surgical procedure for its removal along with brief overview on its associated complications and their management.

Caste system is a major feature of Indian society. Caste of a citizen affects his/her social, political and economical behavior. The researchers tried to find out the role of gender and caste of the employee in his/her job satisfaction. For this purpose primarily 575 primary school teachers were selected. Out of which 90 teachers (45 male and 45 female) of General category, 90 teachers (45 male and 45 female) of Other Backward category and 90 teachers (45 male and 45 female) of Scheduled caste category were selected. Thus finally 270 teachers were selected. Teachers‟ Job Satisfaction Scale (TJSS) was used to collect the data. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed a significant interactional effect of caste category with gender on job satisfaction while there was a significant difference among the caste category on job satisfaction. However, there was no significant difference between male and female teachers on job satisfaction.

The world of implant ology is continuously expanding. The application of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) to advanced dental rehabilitation programs is one of the most interesting innovations in this area. In fact, this technique offers high precision and simpler fabrication protocol. This paper describe three cases of advanced dental rehabilitation carried out using CAD-CAM technology associated with immediate functional loading protocols for reducing to the minimum the surgical times. Extremely positive results were evidenced in our patients. Aesthetic and functional outcomes, as well as prostheses stability, were satisfactory. The main aim of the present report is to show the brilliant outcomes that we obtained with the use of this procedure. We highlight that this method may guarantees numerous advantages such as shorter treatment time, elimination of human error in the manufacturing process and positive aesthetic and functional outcomes. Furthermore, it facilitates the performance of surgery.

The aim of this paper is to analyze a pay scheme with three possible scenarios, all under the hypothetical premise of the purchase of an appliance under three different terms of payment. In theory we know that the greater the capitalization of an interest rate, the greater the increase of the burden of interest on the person who acquires the credit. However, the calculations show that option 4, weekly payments, appears to be the option with the smallest interest payment (5.93%) versus 5.99% and 6.20% for options 2 and 3, respectively. Finally, it is important to mention that the import of each payment is what makes the difference: option 2 is $106.62, option 3 is $53.18 and option 4 is $24.53. Option 1 is cash payment.

Good governance has in recent times appeared as the new intonation to address the failures of public systems, especially in the arena of public health. Health is a state subject and the primary responsibility of providing health care is with state governments. Majority of states' expenditure accounts of ail public expenditure on the health sector. Statelevel variations on expenditure on health over the years show a proportion to total government expenditure it shows a declining trend after 1985-86. This article examined the allocations of health budget for the light of commitments made in municipal governance of budget. The present study was carried out to assess the budget allocation and expenditure pattern for health including private and public health. The findings revealed that the budget allocation for total health care was less, compared to that of maternity home and child care budgets. The study focused on trends in BBMP spending on Health Sector. The results conveyed that the BBMP spending on health sector as per state Real GDP for BBMP Budgetary allocation was low compared to real allocation. These figures indicate the status of ignorance of urban public health sector. The study suggested that the prime importance of health care both at micro and macro levels needs to be attentive at budget allocation and at management strategic decisions to regulate the health care policy to achieve this sectors as one of the millennium development goals which is most vital for growing urban population through both public and private partnership interventions.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws represents a widely studied pathology. Moreover, some cases of ONJ related to the use of Denosumab have also been described recently. Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody. It is bound with high affinity and specificity to nuclear factor kappa beta activating factor ligand (RANKL) and prevents Rank activation with reduction bone reabsorption. However, medium and long term effects of this drug are not unknown yet. The main goal of the present report is twofold. First, we point out the serious complications that these drugs might provoke. Second, we describe four cases of Denosumab related ONJ in order to expand the knowledge about the proper management of this rare complication.

Oral cancer is a public health problem. Despite all the efforts and improvements in the field of oncology, the mortality rate had not significantly declined in the course of recent years. This may be due to the fact that diagnosis of oral cancer is frequently delayed. The main goal of this study is to analyze the factors responsible of this delay. We analyzed the clinical history of 76 patients with oral cancer diagnosed in our center from 2013 to 2016. We divided the diagnostic delay into 3 major groups: delay attributable to patient, delay attributable to public health system and delay attributable to professionals. According with our results, the major delay is attributable to patient. However, we find that the waiting time to get an appointment with Maxillofacial Unit is too long for patient referred by family doctors and dentists (α <0,01). Moreover, we could observe that other hospital professionals such as emergency physicians and ENT specialists take less time to suspect oral cancer than family doctors or dentists (α <0,01). However, dentists suspected oral cancer earlier than family doctors (α <0,01).the major diagnostic delay is due to patient and this could depends on several variables. However, the waiting time to obtain a specialist consultation after the request of family doctors or dentists is too long. The creation of special derivation protocols is essential in cases of suspicious lesions.