A Rohingya young boy with the diplomat magazine 2014, named Mohammad rafique said that Burmese view to them simply, as ―animals,‖ ―nonhuman‖ or ―aliens.‖ Many inflammatory Burmese politicians and authors refer to the Rohingya as a ―virus.‖ Ordinary Burmese people view us as ―Illegal Bengali‖. Actually there have been decades of propaganda and brainwashing of the general public against Rohingya by various government and non-government organizations. History witnesses that they are being persecuted long after day by Burmese military. Rohingya often faces deadly discrimination since 1962. The Myanmar government treats with them as a ugly animals. Despite world authority‘s evocation, they are driving persecution bulldozer on Rohingya minor community. Recently united nation has defined this killing as a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. Whatever, this paper focuses the conflict and Massacre which is running on Rohingya Muslims community. It also examines the origin and emergence of this crisis and current situation of Rohingya dearth. It discuss about ongoing military campaign against Rohingya ethnic community. This paper illustrates how Myanmar government implicating ethnic cleansing day after day .It also analyzes international response to protect Rohingya Muslims .This paper describe major clash between Myanmar and Rohingya group since 1962.

In this study, Communication was examined to ascertain its influence on Managerial Decision-Making. . The sources of the data used for this research were primary and secondary data. A total of six hundred and sixty seven (667) employees of the Enugu Electricity Distribution Company Awka South branch, Anambra state branch were given questionnaires to fill, only five hundred and twenty six (526) of the respondents answered, completed and returned the questionnaire. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data generated for the research. This was supported by tables showing questions, responses of Yes or No, percentages. The hypothesis was tested using goodness- of-fit, descriptive statistics and one sample ttest. From the findings, the researcher came to a final decision that Communication is the livewire in an organization. Which means Communication is to a large extent very important to managerial Decision-Making in any organization.

Debates about the role and relevance of international law in contemporary world have acquired new intensity in light of the U.S. coalition's decision to invade Iraq in March 2003 without a clear legal basis or even exhausting a diplomatic solution. Some have interpreted the lack of compliance in this case as proof of irrelevance of the U.N. Charter use of force paradigm. Motivated by certain debates, this paper takes a deeper look at how international law regulates the military action on the use of force operates in the broader context of international politics and in what ways it may affect political processes and outcomes in this highly sensitive area. Integrating and building on different perspectives, the first part of the paper explores the effect of using military action on Iraq. The second part then examines the role of international relations in the processes of shaping, justifying and evaluating the diplomatic solutions before using military actions. Eventually, this paper confirms that international law on regulating military action plays a significant role in contemporary international relations.

Abstract: Medical education has been the target focus for extensive analysis and ideas for improvement for many decades. Many shortcomings have been reported and addressed with varying effectiveness down the lane. The same argument would be valid regarding the community based education. Community based education addresses the issues facing different populations and establishes the community as its axis and revolves around it. So many rural areas in the globe today are in desperate needs to more oriented health care givers, who actually display the unique amalgamation of humanity and medical expertise. The goal of this review is to shed some light on the different challenges that may contribute to the implementation delay of such medical education course. These challenges have demonstrated themselves to be under various categories such as financial, cultural, and even political. Extensive internet search has been done on research and experiments regarding the community based education. Considering the different challenges that still face the community based education and so many diverse opinions about it effectiveness regarding quality; it is fair and safe to say that unbiased rational conclusion cannot be reached in the meantime. The appropriate remedies for such issues would be to take into account all of the factors in each community on individual basis.

This study is set out to present a syntactic analysis of ambiguous structures the headlines of political news reports in selected newspapers in Nigeria. The analysis aims at presenting what could be described as linguistic features of the ambiguous structures and as well determining the causes of the ambiguities. A total number of ten ambiguous structures taken from selected newspapers were analysed syntactically using the theory and sub theories of X-Bar syntax. An attempt is also made to categorize and characterise the ambiguities into types as revealed by the theory of syntax used. It was found out that most of the ambiguous structures were made ambiguous through the deletion or omission of certain sentential elements. The study concludes that, ambiguity, though a linguistic phenomenon, could be used deliberately and creatively by a writer as an instrument of humour and aesthetics in language use.

The aimed of this work, was improved the stability of the chitosanase enzyme by immobilization with different natural carriers to enhance the economic of industrial biocatalytic process. It was used in preparation of biological active chitooligosaccharides. Pepper chitosanase extracted from (Capsiuum annuum) leaves was immobilized by four different immobilization methods with chitosan, DEAE-cellulose and sodium alginate. The resulted immobilized chitosanases were compared with respect to their immobilization efficiency, reusability and storage stability. Immobilization of chitosanase improved their enzymatic activity. They were 105, 83.8 and 65.2 U/g for immobilized chitosanase with entrapment, covalent and ionic binding methods, respectively. Immobilized chitosanase by covalent and ionic binding exhibited good reusability more than by entrapment method. Generally, the immobilized chitosanases showed better storage stability than that of the free one. The amount chitooligosaccharides produced by using immobilized chitosanase by ionic binding, covalent binding and entrapment methods was higher than that by adsorption method and also more than produced by free one. From a economical point of view, good reusability and storage stability are of the most important feature for the industrial application as biocatalytic.

The main practitioner of indigenous healing and cure depends from culture to culture. Among most of the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, the shaman/priest is the main functionary. The priest is the centre of indigenous rite, rituals and social memory. Indigenous healing systems face challenges from multiple fronts in the contemporary world. This article is devoted to portray a short sketch of a priest (Nyibb) who belongs to Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Through the lived experiences of the priest, a brief exposition of the contemporary relevance of indigenous system of cure and healing through rituals and religion in general is made.

This is a doctrinal research on the Shariah basis of takaful (Islamic Insurance). The research reveals that that takaful has basis in ancient Arabia in the system of “Aqilah” which involves mutual assistance. It can also be traced down in the Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah upon him) and also his companions. Moreover, a study of the primary sources for Muslims (i.e. the Qur‟an and the Sunnah), indicates that members of the first Islamic community effectively applied systems of cooperative risk sharing, long before the beginning of takaful practices. Additionally, in takaful, contributions (premiums) are paid on donation (tabarru) basis, thus the element of gharar is totally avoided. Again, takaful is based on various transactions accepted by the Shariah. Essentially, the contemporary Islamic scholars mentioned that Mudarabah or wakalah or waqf or a combination of the three models is the most appropriate Islamic contracts which should be employed in managing takaful business. Furthermore, Islam does not prohibit accepting a good opinion from others, if it proves to be beneficial. Moreover, takaful shares same philosophy with insurance which is mutual cooperation between members for the sake of mutual cooperation and protection. The idea has been realized from the understanding of how Allah wants Muslims to cooperate in achieving the Ummah‟s interest. Takaful is an example of how Islamic Shariah can help to improve welfare of the Ummah and create new socioeconomic mechanism based on equity, justice and fair play.

This study conducted to assess water quality by using Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Study area involves four districts (Almusayab, Almahaweel, Almuharibeen and Aljamiyaa) located in Babylon governorate. Samples collected during three months starting from January 2016 until March 2016 and analyzed for many physical and chemical properties included PH, Calcium (Ca), chloride (Cl), total Hardness (TH), sulfate (SO4), total dissolved solid (TDS) and magnesium (Mg). The calculated values of CCME WQI showed that the water quality of study area in four districts (Almusayab, Almahaweel, Almuharibeen and Aljamiyaa) were good according to CCME WQI classification during study period and measured values of chemical and physical properties were within Iraqi standards.

This study was designed for comparative evaluation of phytochemical, proximate, vitamins and mineral nutrient composition of leaf, stem, and root of two medicinal plants- Ipomea involucrata (IP) and Milletia aboensis (MA) - used for the treatment of mental illness in Southern Nigeria. Result of phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, deoxy sugars and resins in all parts of both plants while flavonoids, anthraquinones tannins, terpenes and steroids were unevenly distributed. Organic matter content of all parts of IP and MA fell within a narrow range or 90-99 %. Crude fat was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in both stem and roots than leaves of IP, whereas in MA it was significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) in leaves than stem and root. Crude protein content of stem and root of IP were similar and about double (and significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05)) than that of the leaves whereas for MA, similar value for leaves was significantly higher than those for stem and root. Vitamins A and E, Fe, Mg, P, Na, K, and Ca, were found in appreciable amounts in all parts of IP and MA. The result of this study has provided both phytochemical and nutritional evidence for the pharmacological roles assigned for the plants and a guide for effective combination of respective plant parts in treatment. It recommends the use of the whole plant of IP for maximum benefit

The aim of this study was to analyze the influences of Perceived Organizational Support, Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior regarding to the Employee Performance which conducted in Nur Medinah Intermedia enterprise, thereby providing benefits in academic literature and provide information prior to the making decisions. By using primary data which colleted by distributing questionnaires to 86 respondence and through field research as well. The study was conducted by analyzing through correlation and regression. Results of hypothesis testing indicated that; There was positive and significant influences between Perceived Organizational Support to the Affective Commitment. There is a positive and significant impact with a high degree of influence between Perceived Organizational Support to the Organizational Citizenship Behavior. There is a positive and significant between Affective Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. There is a positive and significant influences between Employee Performance to the Perceived Organizational Support. There is a positive and significant influences between the Employee Performance to the Affective Commitment. There is positive and significant correlation between Organizational Citizenship Behavior to the Employee Performance.

Herbal combinations when used together may sometimes produce enhanced, same or diminished effect. As a result, herb combinations used in the management of diabetes mellitus need to be thoroughly investigated to provide the best effect in reducing the major underlying cause (hyperglycemia) of the disease. Aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (GS) and Combretum micranthum (CM) leaves were subjected to solvent-solvent partitioning along different polarities. The best fractions (methanol) in terms of in vivo fasting blood glucose (FBG) in alloxan-diabetic mice were subjected to column chromatography and preparative-TLC to obtain sub-fractions and sub-sub-fractions respectively. Sub-fractions D and G for GS and CM respectively gave the best reduction in FBG in vivo while sub-sub-fractions D4 and G4 yielded highest percentage reduction in FBG in alloxan-diabetic mice. The probable mode of action of the phenolic compounds identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS in both plants could be by inhibiting activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. At a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, a 1:1 combination of GS-D4 and CM-G4 sub-sub-fractions, containing mainly phenolic compounds, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced FBG to 58.25±7.54% in 2 hours and 69.11±6.78% in 4 hours in a synergistic manner.

This paper is deals with the robustness property of various intelligent control methods namely Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA), and Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) for the design of Power system stabilizer for multi machine power system. The problem of robustly tuning of PID based stabilizer design is formulated as an optimization problem according to the time domain-based objective function with some performance indices which is solved by intelligent control methods that have a strong ability to find the most optimistic results. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed stabilizers, the design process takes a wide range of operating conditions and system configuration into account. The comparison is carried out in terms of robustness, peak over shoot and settling time of the system dynamic response. For completeness, the performance of conventional controllers is also included. The results of these studies show that the proposed intelligent control methods based PID type stabilizers have an excellent capability in damping power system oscillations and enhance greatly the dynamic stability of the power system in addition to maintaining robustness for a wide range of loading conditions.

The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of pure Bacopa monnieri extract on periodontopathogenic bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacteria nucleatum (Fn) & Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and Time kill curve assay were performed to assess the antibacterial effect of both ethanolic and aqueous extract of pure bacopa monnieri against periodontopathogenic bacteria by serial dilution method and colony forming units respectively. MIC values of ethanolic extract were in a range of 25-100 µg/ml for Pi, Fn and Pg and Aa showed a value of 0.8 µg/ml whereas the MIC values of aqueous extracts were in a range of 50-100 µg/ml and that of Aa was 0.4 µg/ml. The time kill curve showed a fast and sharp antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract over Pi, Fn and Aa at baseline (0 min) whereas Pg showed no growth of colonies at 2 hours.The ethanolic and aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri exhibited durable antibacterial activity on common periodontogenic bacteria.

This study, which examines the productivity of Lagoon cattle farms located on the islands at risk of flooding in the municipality of Sô-Ava in the Oueme river valley in southern Benin, took place between November and December 2016. It concerns 95 farms of bovine Lagoon distributed on the various islands of the Municipality. These operations have a total of 2496 head of Lagoon cattle herds. It aims to compare the demographic parameters obtained on the different islands during the last year and that of 2010 where the island experienced a flood. Data were collected from a 12-month retrospective survey (12MO). The annual demographic parameters (annual rate, calving, abortion, stillbirth, mortality, annual net growth, annual exploitation rate and annual rate of multiplication) were calculated and analyzed under software R3.3.2. Thanks to the t12mo package. Except for the mortality rate, there were no significant changes in reproductive rates (p> 0.05) regardless of the herd of residence of the herds. The annual mortality rate was significantly higher (p <0.05) on the Dekanmey, Houedo and Sô-Ava islands compared to that of the Ahomey Lokpo island (0.124, 0.142, 0.113, vs 0.071an-1). The year had a significant effect on the demographic parameters (p <0.05) as well as on the overall demographic indicators obtained. Implementation of a resilient model to climate shocks would be an incentive for the sustainable management of these farms.