This study examined how petroleum products (petrol, kerosene, and diesel) affect the strength of concrete made with lateritic sand and quarry dust. A 1:1½:3 mix with a 0.65 water–cement ratio and 25% lateritic sand plus 75% quarry dust was used. Thirty-nine 100 mm cubes were water-cured for 7–28 days, then immersed in petroleum products for 30–60 days. Water-cured cubes showed steady strength gains up to 15.74 N/mm² at 28 days. In contrast, exposure to petroleum products reduced strength: after 30 days, averages were 12.89 N/mm² (petrol), 11.36 N/mm² (kerosene), and 13.30 N/mm² (diesel); after 45 days, 12.78, 14.19, and 13.53 N/mm² respectively. Petrol caused the greatest deterioration, kerosene moderate, and diesel the least. Petroleum exposure disrupted cement hydration, increased porosity, and weakened the paste–aggregate bond, reducing durability. The study recommends protective coatings, improved mix designs, and strict management in fuel-contaminated environments such as filling stations and garages.

Every year, the oil and gas sector spends billions of naira on transmission pipeline corrosion costs, which rise as pipeline networks age and deteriorate. As a result, pipeline operators must reconsider their approaches to corrosion prevention. Companies are being forced to create precise maintenance models based on failure frequency because of corrosion problems. Future line safety, lowering the frequency of failures, and cost-effective pipeline operation all depend on statistical techniques for modeling pipeline failures and making appropriate maintenance decisions. The present study predicted both the reliability and corrosion rate of crude oil pipelines by combining Monte Carlo simulation with degradation models. Corrosion was modeled using linear and power-law formulations that incorporated discrete random samples generated from inline inspection data. The degradation models were used to assess the mean time for failure (MTFF). The average corrosion rate (CRav) has a lower root mean square error (RMSE) than the largest occurrence projected random number (CRfreq), according to the TML shown against the RMSE of the predicted models. The RMSE for the degradation models ranged from 1.89 % to 17.02 %. This chart shows that the deterioration models correctly predicted the pipeline corrosion rate to be between 83.91% and 98.06%. Also, the Linear Model Law had the lowest recorded value of 1.98% and the most of 16.11%, while the Power Law degradation was the lowest at 1.88% and the most at 17.01%. When compared to the Monte Carlo Simulation value, which is 2.11 at the lowest and 1.01 at the highest, all of the findings fall between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Consequently, the RMSE of the degradation models varied between 1.89 and 17.02 percent. Additionally, R2 for the Linear Model ranges from 0.925 to 0.990, but it ranges from 0.989 to 0.999 for the Power Model. According to the results, the degradation model has correctly predicted the field corrosion of the pipelines and will be a crucial tool for predicting when the pipelines will break.

This paper synthesizes empirical evidence on the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of petroleum exploration and production in the Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria, focusing on soils, surface and groundwater, and local livelihoods. A review of field-based studies, environmental assessments and community surveys reveals pervasive hydrocarbon contamination (TPH, PAHs), elevated heavy-metal concentrations, and widespread degradation of mangrove and farmland soils. Contaminants migrate into surface waters and shallow aquifers, impairing drinking-water quality and fisheries. Empirical studies also document reduced agricultural yields, loss of fish catches, health complaints, and livelihood erosion—effects compounded by weak monitoring, delayed spill response and chronic seepage from aging pipelines. Remediation efforts (engineered excavation, bioremediation, phytoremediation) show variable success; cost, ecological sensitivity (mangroves) and governance deficits limit large-scale recovery. The synthesis concludes that meaningful restoration requires coordinated long-term remediation, rigorous monitoring, community engagement and strengthened regulatory enforcement. Priority actions include hotspot remediation, alternative livelihood support, and establishing transparent contaminant and health-monitoring systems.

The cost of corrosion-related transmission pipeline maintenance, which escalates as pipeline networks age and deteriorates, costs the oil and gas sector billions of naira every year. As a result, pipeline operators should reconsider their approaches to corrosion control. The present study employed the Monte Carlo Simulation model to forecast the rate of corrosion and dependability of pipelines carrying crude oil. The corrosion rate was predicted using a Linear and Power Law Model and discrete random numbers that were simulated from Inline Inspection Data. The study's conclusion demonstrates that the Monte Carlo simulation can forecast the pipelines' corrosion rate with an accuracy of 84.24–97.94%. From Monte Carlo Simulation results, a 2.01 lowest and 15.76 highest were obtained. Every value is within the range of 1.67% to 16.95%. The predicted number of failures is thus provided by the statistical models. Optimal maintenance decisions, risk analysis, and reliability analysis can all benefit from the statistical models' output.

The rise in the discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater in the form of heavy metals Cr6+, Fe3+, and Pb2+ has become an issue of serious concern to the environment and to the general population since these elements are toxic, persistent, and may accumulate in the body. Cr(vi), FE(iii) and Pb(ii) are common toxic contaminants in the Pharma effluents and their quick, effective elimination is paramount in regulation compliance and environmental safety. A simple, scalable synthesis of a bimetallic NiO/CuO nanocomposite was reported in this study through a concurrent coprecipitation-hydrothermal reaction, and then subjected to calcination at 400 0 C. This paper is concerned with synthesis and use of nickel oxide/copper oxide (NiO/CuO) nanocomposites to effectively clean such metal ions that are present in pharmaceutical effluents. NiO/CuO nanocomposite was produced by a slight modification of the sol-gel technique and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to ascertain the structural, morphological and functional characteristics of the material. The effect of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency was studied through batch adsorption. It was found that, at a dosage of 0.8 g, the removal efficiencies increase to 100% for Cr, 96.81% for Fe, and 92.40% for Pb. This demonstrates near-complete removal of Cr and very high removal for Fe and Pb, indicating that the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite is nearing saturation. Kinetics of the adsorption process was in pseudo-second order and adsorbed monolayers on a homogeneous surface which is pointing to Langmuir isotherm. The regeneration studies indicated the multiple adsorption-desorption cycles of the nanocomposite with its stability and reusability. This report establishes the possibilities of NiO/CuO nanocomposites as a powerful, inexpensive, and ecologically safe adsorbent to treat heavy-metal-contaminated pharmaceutical wastewater to be a part of the sustainability of waste sources and pollution prevention.

Theatre for Development (TfD) is a unique program that falls under the category of applied and community theatre but still faces scepticism as a curricular subject in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This research explores the influence of the Core Curriculum Minimum Academic Standards (CCMAS) of the National Universities Commission on the manner of TfD teaching and practice in Nigerian universities and suggests a repurposed TfD curriculum responsive to local realities and digital divides. We have in this article the comparative document analysis of the course modules and the semi-structured interviews with the lecturers and students of the three universities (University of Benin, Ambrose Alli University, and Igbinedion University). Based on these three sources, the paper not only traces the continuity and divergence of the historical and pedagogical but also identifies the limitations of the CCMAS framework and evaluates how much the student-centred, participatory learning is encouraged by the current curricula. It is revealed that CCMAS standardisation ensures the promotion of uniform learning outcomes, but at the same time, it puts a limitation on institutional autonomy, lessens the emphasis on practice-orientated pedagogy, and does not sufficiently take into account digital and contextual variability. The research ends with suggestions for a TfD programme that is versatile, multi-levelled and focuses on community-based research, participatory methodologies, digital literacies and fieldwork that is sustained. The proposals are about policy revision, university curricular autonomy, and the implementation strategies to make TfD a core, practice-centred component of theatre education in Nigeria.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in women that affects both reproductive and metabolic systems and is characterized by insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and metabolic characteristics of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients, focusing on anthropometry, hirsutism, and insulin resistance. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ICMH, Dhaka (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) included 66 women aged 18–35 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria), grouped by ovarian volume (>10 cc vs ≤10 cc). Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic parameters—including BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, Ferriman–Gallwey score, fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR—were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 27, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Among 66 PCOS patients, Group A showed higher BMI (27.49 vs. 26.07 kg/m²) and HOMA-IR (4.83 vs. 3.59; p = 0.012). A strong correlation was found between HOMA-IR and ovarian volume (r = 0.685, p < 0.001). High insulin resistance (≥3.8) was more frequent in Group A (67.6% vs. 21.9%), conferring 7.5-fold higher odds of enlarged ovarian volume (OR = 7.47, 95% CI = 2.48–22.52). Conclusion: PCOS in women is closely associated with overweight, hirsutism, and insulin resistance, which in turn correlates with increased ovarian volume.

This study looks at the living philosophy of the Khmer minority in Southern Vietnam, with an emphasis on how traditional ethical frameworks interact with contemporary social transformations. The study uses Theravāda Buddhist principles, communal activities, and philosophical analysis to examine how essential qualities like compassion (karuṇā), mindfulness (sati), and wisdom (paññā) continue to influence moral behavior and social cohesiveness. The study also looks at how modernization, such as education, economic development, and digital media, influences the adaption and reinterpretation of these ideals. Using a hermeneutic and dialectical method, the analysis shows that the Khmer community engages in a dynamic process of value harmonization, combining ancestral wisdom with modern knowledge and practices while maintaining ethical continuity. This research contributes to moral philosophy and intercultural ethics by illustrating a model of ethical resilience and contextualized universality, highlighting how local cultural traditions can adapt creatively to global changes while maintaining philosophical coherence. The findings have practical implications for cultural preservation, education, and community development, emphasizing the role of ritual, intergenerational dialogue, and ethical praxis in sustaining moral identity amidst social change.

Background: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) remains one of the most significant adverse effects of orthodontic treatment, potentially compromising long-term tooth stability. Photo biomodulation (PBM), delivered through low-level laser or light-emitting diode (LED) therapy, has emerged as a biological adjunct proposed to mitigate this phenomenon by modulating cellular metabolism and promoting tissue repair. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM in reducing orthodontic root resorption in human subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled clinical trials published between January 2017 and October 2023. Studies were included if they compared PBM-assisted orthodontic treatment with conventional or placebo protocols and quantitatively assessed root resorption crater volume using three-dimensional imaging. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the overall quality of evidence was evaluated through the GRADE system. Results: Five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 184 participants. Two studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in root resorption following PBM application, while three reported no significant difference compared with controls. No adverse effects were observed. The quality of evidence was graded as moderate due to interstudy variability in irradiation parameters, wavelengths, and energy doses. Conclusions: PBM shows promising potential as a safe, non-invasive adjunct to limit orthodontically induced root resorption. However, the heterogeneity of existing protocols precludes definitive clinical recommendations. Standardized, high-quality randomized trials are needed to determine optimal dosimetry and confirm PBM’s preventive and reparative role in OIIRR management.

Background: Sacubitril/Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), represents a paradigm shift in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Its robust efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization is well-established. However, as its use becomes ubiquitous, the recognition of rare and serious adverse events is paramount for optimizing patient safety. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male with a complex medical history including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3a), and NYHA Class III HFrEF was initiated on Sacubitril/Valsartan 24/26 mg twice daily. Two weeks post-initiation, he presented with severe bilateral proximal myalgia, profound weakness, and classic tea-colored urine. Physical examination revealed significant muscle tenderness. Laboratory investigations were diagnostic for severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine kinase (CK) level of 18,540 U/L and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), evidenced by a rise in serum creatinine from a baseline of 1.4 mg/dL to 2.1 mg/dL. A meticulous workup excluded other common etiologies of rhabdomyolysis, including recent trauma, strenuous exertion, hypothyroidism, and illicit substance use. The patient had been on a stable, long-term dose of atorvastatin without prior incident. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score was 7, indicating a "probable" adverse drug reaction. Management involved immediate and permanent discontinuation of Sacubitril/Valsartan, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, and close monitoring. A positive dechallenge was observed, with rapid symptomatic improvement and normalization of CK and renal function over the following week. Conclusion: This case provides compelling evidence for Sacubitril/Valsartan as a rare but potent precipitant of rhabdomyolysis, particularly in patients with predisposing factors such as CKD and concomitant statin use. It underscores the critical importance of clinician vigilance, pre-emptive patient education, and the prompt institution of management upon symptom recognition to prevent life-threatening complications like acute renal failure.

The conversion of atmospheric CO₂ into valuable fuels while simultaneously storing renewable energy represents a grand challenge in sustainable energy research. Here, we report the design and fabrication of ultrafast photo-electrocatalytic nanoparticle networks engineered for dual CO₂ reduction and high-energy storage within hybrid quantum materials. The system integrates plasmonic nanoparticles with quantum dots and 2D conductive frameworks, establishing a synergistic interface for rapid charge separation and transfer. Under simulated solar illumination, the networks achieve femtosecond-scale electron mobility, driving selective CO₂ reduction to methanol while concurrently storing charge in quantum-confined domains. This hybrid design bridges photonic excitation and electrochemical storage mechanisms through quantum coupling effects, yielding unprecedented energy densities (up to 420 Wh kg⁻¹) and Faradaic efficiencies above 93%. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm robust electron delocalization across multi-phase junctions, stabilizing catalytic intermediates and preventing recombination losses. These findings reveal a new materials platform capable of simultaneous carbon valorization and renewable energy storage, representing a transformative step toward closed-loop, carbon-neutral energy systems.

One of the main tenets of Ho Chi Minh's extensive political and philosophical system is his view of the protection of the people. In addition to reflecting Vietnam's unique cultural and humanistic traditions, it is a creative continuation and expansion of Marxist-Leninist doctrine on revolutionary combat, national independence, and the role of the people in history. From a philosophical standpoint, Ho Chi Minh’s conception of people’s national defense reveals a dialectical unity between politics and ethics, theory and practice, national independence and peace, revolution and humanity. The essence of people’s national defense lies in the view that the people are both the foundation and the decisive force of defense; that defense is not merely a military affair but a political, economic, cultural, and social undertaking involving the entire population. On this basis, Ho Chi Minh established the principle of “all-people defense,” a defense built by the people, for the people, and rooted in the people’s will, solidarity, and moral consciousness. In the present day, Ho Chi Minh's ideas on people's national defense continue to serve as a theoretical and philosophical foundation for Vietnam's national defense strategy. It upholds the human-centered approach to socialist defense, combining material and spiritual power, independence and cooperation, patriotism and international solidarity. Ho Chi Minh elevated the concept of national defense to a moral and humanistic philosophy that transcends time and continues to have profound theoretical and practical value for Vietnam's cause of protecting and developing the nation in the new era.

Background: Rectovaginal fistulas (RVFs) are abnormal, epithelialized communications between the posterior vaginal wall and the anterior rectal wall, most commonly resulting from obstetric trauma. They can lead to significant physical and psychological morbidity. Objective: To describe the clinical presentation, management strategies, outcomes, and preventive measures in patients with obstetric RVFs treated at HMA Hospital, Marrakech. Methods: A retrospective study of 10 patients with obstetric RVFs managed over a one-year period (November 2023 – November 2024). Data collected included patient demographics, obstetric history, clinical features, diagnostic findings, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes. All patients underwent transperineal repair using Musset’s technique, with colostomy performed when indicated. Results: Obstetric RVFs accounted for 66.6% of all RVFs operated on in the department. Mean patient age was 29 years; six patients were primiparous. Deliveries occurred at home (3), in maternity centers (3), and hospitals (4). Surgical repair was performed in all patients using Musset’s technique; nine patients received a left iliac colostomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful in nine patients. One recurrence occurred in a patient who initially refused colostomy; she was successfully reoperated. Conclusion: Obstetric RVFs predominantly affect the lower two-thirds of the vagina. Surgical repair is highly effective, preventing major complications and facilitating patient reintegration. Prevention through patient education, prenatal care, and improved obstetric services remains essential.

Alopecia, defined as thinning or loss of hair, is a condition affecting the hair follicle. Traction alopecia, which is traumatic in nature, mainly results from common hairstyling practices among black women. Conventional treatments, such as minoxidil, have many limitations. This study aimed to formulate hair gels based on pectin extracted from mango and coconut oil, in order to offer a natural alternative for the treatment of traction alopecia. The extracted raw materials were characterized. The pectin gel was prepared at 95°C under agitation at 800 rpm, then dispersed in the lipophilic phase under constant agitation at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain two formulations, B and B'. These homogeneous gels showed instability under centrifugation. Microscopic examination revealed coarse emulsions. Over 28 days, control showed a slight variation in pH, indicating satisfactory microbiological stability. In stability tests at different temperatures, gel B proved stable at 6 ± 2°C, 25 ± 2°C, and 40 ± 2°C, while gel B' remained stable only at cold and room temperatures. In terms of rheology, gel B exhibited shear thinning behavior, thixotropic behavior and viscoelastic properties, unlike gel B', which showed predominantly elastic behavior. These results are part of the development of innovative phytocosmetics for the management of traction alopecia in black women.

Postoperative peritonitis (POP) is a serious complication of abdominal surgery, associated with high morbidity and mortality despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome aspects of POP in the visceral surgery department of Avicenne Military Hospital in Marrakech. A retrospective study was conducted on 30 cases collected between January 2020 and December 2024. All patients included had undergone reoperation for confirmed peritonitis following abdominal surgery. The mean age was 47.9 years, with a balanced sex ratio. Major comorbidities included diabetes, obesity, and neoplastic diseases. The predominant causes were anastomotic leakage (43.3%) and visceral perforation (30%). Diagnosis was based on abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and computed tomography (CT). Treatment involved early surgical reintervention, peritoneal lavage, and appropriate antibiotic therapy. Observed mortality remained significant, influenced by the timing of diagnosis, multiorgan failure, and patient condition. POP remains a major medico-surgical emergency requiring a multidisciplinary approach, early detection, and optimized treatment to improve survival.