In Sudan sugarcane is a key agricultural crop which significantly contributes in economy. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of soil characteristics on sugarcane production at Halfa and Algunied areas. Soil samples were perfectly collected from different parts of each site and analyzed. Soil texture, bulk Density, sand%, clay%, moisture, pH, EC, Alkalinity 〖CO〗_3^(2-),H〖CO〗_3^-,〖Cl〗^-,〖SO〗_4^(2-) and macro nutrient were determined. SAR, RSC were calculated. Some parameters showed clear variations in the two areas. Halfa soil showed mean values of pH (6.99), alkalinity (1000mg/l), chloride (520meq/l), sulfate (10.8mg/kg), bicarbonate (5.2meq/l), and SAR (3.00) indicating high potential sodicity risks. At Algunaid the mean values were pH (7.69), Alkalinity (1066mg/l), chloride (4.5meq/l), bicarbonate (6.5meq/l) and SAR (0.85).

Introduction: Polyherbal extracts contain various bioactive compounds that work synergistically to provide stronger therapeutic effects than single extracts. However, their use in the pharmaceutical field still faces challenges, especially related to low solubility, instability, and limited bioavailability. Microparticulate system technology presents an innovative solution that can increase the effectiveness of herbal drug delivery through physical protection of active compounds, controlled release, and increased absorption in the body. Objective: This review discusses research progress that integrates polyherbal extracts in microparticulate formulations, including polymer selection, manufacturing techniques, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through searches in the last ten years [2015–2025] obtained through databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using keywords related to "polyherbal" and "microencapsulation" with a focus on articles on formulation studies and pharmacological evaluations in the last ten years. Results: The study showed that microparticulates were able to improve the entrapment efficiency, phytochemical stability, and therapeutic activity of polyherbal extracts, especially in oral and transdermal routes of administration. However several limitations such as the variability of natural product composition, potential interactions between compounds, and regulatory challenges still require further attention. The development of more advanced formulation technology as well as standardized toxicological and clinical studies are urgently needed to encourage the implementation of microparticulate herbal products on an industrial scale. Conclusion: Overall, polyherbal microparticulate systems have promising prospects as a safe, effective, and competitive strategy for modernizing herbal medicines.

Sugarcane plays a vital role in the industrial growth of Sudan as an important economic crop. This work was aiming to measure the availability of Na, K, Ca, Mg, P and N as macro-nutrients in Halfa and Alguneid sugarcane schemes. Soil samples were collected from different parts of each sugarcane growing field. Minerals concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Notable differences in nutrients content were indicated between Halfa and Alguneid soils. Halfa scheme soils showed minerals content means as Mg (16.76 meq/L), Na (9.89meq/L), and Ca (0.91 meq/L). Algunied soils showed significantly low means of Na (0.367 meq/L), Mg (0.32 meq/L) and Ca (0.058 meq/L). The mean of Algunied soil N (0.067%) was almost similar to that of Halfa N (0.051%), which may reflect the insufficient nitrogen supply for optimum sugarcane growth. Phosphorus showed low mean values in the two fields as (0.00015%) in Halfa and (0.0013%) in Alguneid soils indicating a severe deficiency that can negatively influence root development and yield potential. Halfa soils may need gypsum applications whereas Algunied field may require fertilization management including P and N.

Background: Nurses’ job satisfaction is a very important issue that determines the stability of the workforce, quality of treatment provided, and performance of a given organization. The level of demand in hospitals, staffing issues, and dependence on expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia, especially in the Eastern Region, are growing, which is why the level of job satisfaction is crucial to assess. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of job satisfaction among nurses at major hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia and further determine institutional, job, and family related factors that affect job satisfaction based on Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory. Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used. A total of 390 registered nurses from four large hospitals were used as the data source using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The measures were institutional characteristics, job characteristics, family support, job satisfaction, absenteeism, and intention to leave. They were done using Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used. Results: The results showed moderate to high levels of overall job satisfaction among nurses. Job characteristics were found to be the best predictor of job satisfaction (b = 0.48, p < 0.001), followed by institutional characteristics (b = 0.34, p < 0.001) and family support (b = 0.16, p = 0.001). Major differences in job satisfaction were found in terms of age, experience, and clinical department. Conclusion: The Two-Factor Theory of Herzberg is in line with the findings that indicate that intrinsic job-related factors are the most determining factors in the job satisfaction of nurses in major hospitals in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Nurse satisfaction, retention, and quality of healthcare services can be enhanced through improvements in recognition, professional growth, and working environments.

Selective abortion following a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome presents complex ethical and religious challenges, particularly within the context of Qatar. Advances in prenatal screening enable early detection of chromosomal conditions, prompting debates grounded in the principles of autonomy and non-maleficence. While autonomy emphasizes the pregnant individual’s right to make informed reproductive choices, it does not provide sufficient moral justification for terminating a fetus granted moral personhood. Arguments based on anticipated familial burden or altered expectations fail to demonstrate that lives affected by Down syndrome lack value. From the perspective of non-maleficence, abortion constitutes significant harm by depriving the fetus of a “future like ours,” and claims of psychological harm rely on speculative judgments shaped by societal discrimination rather than intrinsic suffering. Islamic bioethics and Qatari law further restrict abortion, permitting it only under specific conditions, such as severe fetal anomalies before ensoulment or maternal health risks. These frameworks affirm the sanctity of life and reject disability-based termination. Ultimately, ethical responses should prioritize inclusion, reduce stigma, and strengthen support systems for families, aligning medical practice with principles of justice and the equal dignity of all human lives.

Congenital hypothyroidism is the first endocrinopathy found in newborns. it is a pathology subject to systematic screening in most countries around the world. Pendrid syndrome is a genetic cause of HC with thyroid gland in situ. It is a genetic condition in “SLC26A4 gene” (OMIM 605646) encoding Pendrin protein, and resulting in neurosensory deafness with congenital hypothyroidism and goiter. The presence of the 2 major symptoms; deafness and CH, consolidates the diagnosis while genetic sequencing is an element of confirmation. We report the observation of an infant who is a candidate for cochlear implant surgery and who was referred to us for hypothyroidism, in whom there is a history of severe pneumonia on bronchiectasis, which is a manifestation directly related to pendrid syndrome. An adequate thyroid biological and morphological evaluation, as well as screening for other malformations that may be associated with pendrid syndrome are extremely important in a holistic management of this genetic disease. To also recall the vital role that systematic screening for HC can play in preventing neurological disability among children, a procedure that is still not systematic in our country and that we fight to implement it.

Background: Albuminuria and poor glycemic control drive kidney and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin lowers glucose and reduces albuminuria through renal mechanisms. Evidence from trials is strong, yet data from routine care in Dubai are limited. Objective: To evaluate changes in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and HbA1c over 24 months after dapagliflozin initiation in Dubai primary care. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal study using the Salama electronic record across Dubai Health Authority clinics. Adults with type 2 diabetes who started dapagliflozin contributed measurements at baseline, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. The primary outcome was change in UACR. Secondary outcome was change in HbA1c. Paired comparisons used baseline vs each follow-up. Longitudinal trends used repeated measures analyses. Prespecified subgroups assessed UACR by age group and HbA1c by sex, age and metformin use. Results: Two hundred adults were included. Mean age was 61 years, range 21 to 87 years. UACR fell from 123 mg/g at baseline to 52 mg/g at 24 months, a 57.7% reduction, p<0.001. The decline appeared by 3 months and progressed at each visit. The 24-month UACR was 52 mg/g with 95% CI 50 to 54. HbA1c decreased from 8.2% to 6.8% at 24 months, p<0.001, with 24-month HbA1c 95% CI 6.7 to 6.9. By age subgroup, UACR reduction at 12 months ranged from 25% in patients 40–50 years to 50% in those 70–80 years and at 24 months ranged from 35% to 70%. HbA1c improved across subgroups. Larger absolute HbA1c drops were seen in younger patients and in those treated with metformin at baseline. HbA1c patterns by sex were similar. Conclusion: In Dubai primary care, dapagliflozin was associated with large and sustained reductions in albuminuria and a meaningful fall in HbA1c over 24 months. Early change at 3 months and continued improvement through 2 years support routine monitoring at these intervals. These results suggest that expected renal and glycemic benefits can be achieved in day-to-day care across diverse patients.

Introduction: Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem in Senegal and, despite effective treatment, it frequently leaves respiratory sequelae that cause chronic morbidity. This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. Methodology: Retrospective and descriptive study including patients with post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae followed at the Saint-Jean de-Dieu Hospital in Thiès (Senegal). Results: Over a period of 63 months, we identified 133 cases of post-tuberculosis respiratory sequelae. There was a male predominance (67%) with a sex ratio of 2 and an average age of 51 years. In 83% of cases, a single episode of tuberculosis was sufficient to cause respiratory sequelae. Radiological abnormalities were mainly located in the lung parenchyma (61%) and were bilateral in 86% of cases. The main types of abnormalities were fibrous condensation blocks (15.03%), followed by emphysema (14.2%), pulmonary calcifications (13.53%) and fibrosis (9.02%). The complications found mainly included aspergillosis graft (32%) and chronic pulmonary heart disease (CPC) (32%). Conclusion: Post tuberculosis pulmonary sequelae remain common in vulnerable patients, with persistent symptoms and varied lesions. The lack of targeted functional assessment calls for more comprehensive prospective studies.

Auricular perichondritis is an uncommon but potentially serious complication of ear piercing, particularly when the cartilaginous part of the auricle is involved. It is most often caused by bacterial infection, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the predominant pathogen, and may lead to cartilage necrosis and permanent deformity if not promptly treated. We report the case of a patient who developed auricular perichondritis following ear piercing, presenting with painful swelling, erythema, and tenderness of the pinna while sparing the lobule. Clinical diagnosis was supported by physical examination, and management consisted of early systemic antibiotic therapy combined with local care, leading to a favorable outcome. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of auricular perichondritis, appropriate antimicrobial treatment, and awareness of piercing-related risks to prevent functional and cosmetic sequelae.

Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges due to nonspecific drug distribution, systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Repurposing established drugs in combination with bioactive natural compounds and delivering them through nanocarriers represents a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. The present study focuses on the formulation, characterization, and combined efficacy evaluation of metformin hydrochloride and quinic acid–loaded niosomes for enhanced anticancer activity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, exhibits anticancer effects through AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and metabolic reprogramming, while quinic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties. Co-encapsulation of these agents in niosomal nanocarriers was undertaken to improve bioavailability, ensure synchronized delivery, and achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. The niosomes were prepared using suitable non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. Morphological analysis confirmed the formation of uniformly distributed nanosized vesicles. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that the co-loaded niosomes exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity compared to individual drugs and their free combination, indicating synergistic efficacy. Overall, the findings suggest that metformin and quinic acid co-loaded niosomes offer a promising, cost-effective, and multi-targeted nanotherapeutic approach for cancer management with potential for further translational development.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly embedded in the structures of work, education, and everyday life, questions of ethics and digital wellbeing have grown urgent. Algorithmic bias, surveillance practices, and digital addiction pose profound risks to equity, autonomy, and human flourishing in the AI age. While technical and regulatory frameworks have attempted to mitigate these challenges, they often overlook the embodied, affective, and participatory dimensions of public engagement with AI ethics. This paper proposes participatory theatre as a powerful methodological and pedagogical tool for critically interrogating and reimagining human–AI relations. Drawing on traditions of applied theatre and Theatre for Development, the study demonstrates how performance-based interventions can democratise dialogue, foreground marginalised voices, and cultivate ethical reflexivity among diverse stakeholders. By staging scenarios of algorithmic discrimination, surveillance in learning and workplace contexts, and compulsive digital behaviours, participatory theatre creates a safe yet critical space for collective inquiry and ethical imagination. The paper argues that integrating such performative practices into discussions of AI governance and digital wellbeing not only enhances public literacy but also strengthens inclusive policymaking and educational strategies. Ultimately, this approach situates participatory theatre as both an artistic practice and a socio-ethical instrument for shaping the future of work, education, and wellbeing in an AI-mediated world.

Background: Oligohydramnios is a clinically significant obstetric condition associated with increased intrapartum intervention and adverse perinatal outcomes. Reduced amniotic fluid volume compromises fetal well-being by increasing the risk of umbilical cord compression and uteroplacental insufficiency, thereby influencing delivery decisions and neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the mode of delivery and fetomaternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from December 2009 to June 2010. A total of 50 pregnant women with sonographically confirmed oligohydramnios were included in this study. Cardiotocography was performed upon admission to assess the fetal status. The mode of delivery, indications for caesarean section and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Associations between oligohydramnios severity and outcomes were analyzed. Results: Non-reassuring cardiotocography patterns were observed in 64% of the cases. Caesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery (72%), with fetal distress being the leading indication (61.1%). All women with severe oligohydramnios required caesarean delivery, demonstrating a significant association between severity and delivery mode (p < 0.001). Neonates born to mothers with severe oligohydramnios had a higher incidence of Apgar scores below 7 at five minutes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severe oligohydramnios is strongly associated with non-reassuring fetal surveillance, increased operative delivery rates and adverse neonatal outcomes. Severity-based risk stratification and vigilant intrapartum monitoring are essential for optimizing fetomaternal outcomes.

This study examines the difficulty local governments experience in fulfilling their constitutional responsibilities as the third level of government, even in the face of government changes aimed at improving their performance and offering lessons learnt to address the issues. Local government administration, Nigeria's third tier of government, is in charge of bringing about socioeconomic development locally. Since the establishment of the nation's local governments, numerous reforms have been tried, but unsuccessfully, to achieve the goal of local government establishment. The study collected and analyzed data using a qualitative approach. According to the survey, local government is finding it more and more challenging to successfully serve the public. The study came to the conclusion that both the federal and state governments could address the institutional and attitudinal aspects of the problems. It suggested giving the local government the same level of autonomy as the other levels of government in order to enable it to function freely. A legislative framework should also be in place to prevent the state government from needlessly interfering in local governments' internal matters. Finally, human resources should be available to provide effective leadership and accountability in order to accomplish the goals outlined by the establishment of local governments in Nigeria.

Introduction: Clear aligners are an aesthetic alternative to fixed appliances, yet their predictability in arch expansion is still debated. This systematic review evaluates the efficiency of aligners in achieving planned expansion and identifies factors influencing outcomes. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect using a PICOS-based strategy. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using standardized tools (AMSTAR 2, NHLBI/NIH). Results: Nine studies were included in the final analysis, consisting of two systematic reviews and seven cohort studies. The review found that arch expansion predictability is highest in the premolar region (reaching up to 93.53%) but decreases progressively toward the posterior segments, with the lowest accuracy observed at the first molar level (approximately 55-68%). Expansion is primarily achieved through coronal tipping rather than true bodily translation. Conclusion: Aligners effectively manage mild crowding but often result in uncontrolled tipping. To improve predictability, clinicians should utilize overcorrection strategies and pre-program negative torque. Higher-quality randomized clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized protocols.

Digital health portals increasingly depend on highly “popular” physicians to anchor user traffic and drive revenue. Existing work, however, (i) conflates popularity with a single behavioural cue (consultation count) and (ii) relies on linear or shallow machine-learning models. We introduce PopNet, a hybrid TabTransformer + GRU that fuses demographic, behavioural, visual-cue and temporal-momentum signals to predict a composite Popularity Index (PopIdx) built from four pillars: demand, monetary appreciation, social proof and visibility. Across a five-fold group-wise cross-validation on 19 200 physician-quarter snapshots, PopNet attains MAE ≈ 0.091, beating ElasticNet by >40 %. Nevertheless, modern tree ensembles still edge it out (LightGBM MAE ≈ 0.046). Integrated-Gradient explanations and a feature-family ablation reveal platform visibility (inv_rank) as the single most important driver of popularity, followed by raw patient demand and monetary gifts. Fairness audits show a modest 0.006 PopIdx MAE gap between genders; a simple inverse-propensity re-weighting halves this gap with <0.002 performance loss. The study provides actionable levers for platform managers and a reusable, bias-audited modelling pipeline for future research.