Nigeria is home to numerous distinguished poets who craft classical poetry inspired by ancient Arab traditions. One notable modern Nigerian poet is Dr. Muhammad Mansur Jibril, a lecturer in the Department of Arabic Language at Bayero University in Kano, and the author of the poetry collection titled "The Flower of Joy." This collection features sixty-five poems spanning various genres, totaling one thousand two hundred thirty-four [1234] verses, many of which describe the poet's travels within Nigeria and abroad. The themes addressed in this collection include didactic poetry, divine love, pride, satire, praise, flirtation, and elegy. This study will specifically focus on travel poetry. The aim is to analyze the construction of travel poems within the collection, highlighting the extent of the poet's creativity in this genre and positioning this creativity from a regional to a global perspective. The research employs an inductive and analytical approach, structured as follows: the concept of construction among linguistics, the notion of poetic construction among critics, the aesthetics of the openings, the aesthetics of the conclusion in the poems of the collection, the aesthetics of the poem's sections, and finally, the conclusion along with a list of references.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that play a crucial role in bone resorption. The imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation results in osteoporosis. Therefore, substances that can suppress osteoclast formation are potential candidate materials for drug development or functional foods. There have been reports that extracts or purified compounds from marine micro- and macroalgae can suppress osteoclast differentiation. Symbioimine, isolated from the cultured dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp., had suppressive effects against osteoclast differentiation in osteoclastlike cells. Norzoanthamine, isolated from the colonial zoanthid Zoanthas sp., has been shown to have anti-osteoporosis activity in ovariectomized mice. In response to marine extracts, the fucoxanthin- rich component from brown algae has been shown to have suppressive effects against osteoclast differentiation. An extract of Sargassum fusiforme has recently been shown to have anti-osteoporosis activity. This extract suppressed both osteoclast differentiation and accelerated osteoblast formation in separate in vitro experiments. In this study , we have undergone an in-silico interaction study of the each target proteins , namely TNFRSF11B, LRP5, RANKL, NOX4 , ER,PTH1R , sclerostin, NR3B1, HDAC with both reported anti-osteoporosis drugs (namely Calcitriol, Alendronate, Risedronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronate, )and phyto-chemical compounds (Symbioimine Norzoanthamine fucoxanthin, Largazole, dieckol, 1-(30,50-dihydroxyphenoxy)-7-(200,400,600-trihydroxyphenoxy) 2,4,9-trihydroxydibenzo-1,4,-dioxin , Biselyngbyaside, ikarisoside A, bolinaquinone,) obtained from algae. Interaction of phytochemical compound with target proteins shows better binding affinity as compared to drug molecules like Calcitriol and Alendronate. Thus, these marine algae and their extracts may be sources of marine medicinal foods for the prevention of osteoporosis.

Taking cost-effective and efficient medical and wellness care at a beautiful location while enjoying a great vacation is profound as medical and wellness tourism. The medical and wellness tourism sector can play a decisive role in the growth of the economy, GDP, employment, and foreign exchange earnings of any country in the world. Unani medicine is one of the oldest traditional systems of medicine being practiced in many countries, including India, under the patronage of the Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India. The principles of treatment employed in the Unani system are four-branched, which include dietotherapy, regimenal therapy, pharmacotherapy and surgery. Of them, the first three modes may be practically applied in the establishment of medical and wellness tourism centres in Unani medicine. Due to its holistic approach, this system of medicine has high potential for the treatment of many chronic ailments, viz., osteoarthritis, liver diseases, vitiligo, obesity, psychosomatic disorders, etc., to name a few, through its unique detoxification therapy called regimenal therapy. Various regimenal procedures, viz., cupping, hirudotherapy, irrigation therapy, etc.; many modified diets, like barley water, honey water, etc.; and certain special pharmacotherapeutics, such as munḍīj va mushil (concoctive & purgative) therapy and muqwaviyyāt (tonics), are useful for the treatment of various illnesses. Incorporation of these detoxification regimens, dietetics, and drug therapy may exert a significant influence on the outcomes of cosmeto-therapeutics, rejuvenation of mind, neuro-rehabilitation, etc. These are some of the core areas where the Unani system may play a stellar role in boosting medical tourism. Hence, the Ministry of Tourism in collaboration with the Ministry of Ayush may devise such ways and means to further strengthen the already existing Unani medical and wellness centres to attract foreign as well as domestic tourists for their healthcare issues.

Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are widely used for birth control. There are reported adverse effects associated with HCs and liver and kidney function in people on hormonal contraceptives. Limited studies exist to establish these reports; it is however crucial to elucidate any potential associations between these medications with liver and kidney dysfunction. This study aims to evaluate the impact of hormonal contraceptives on liver and renal function. For this study, a total of 50 participants were used; 25 of the total participants are women of reproductive age, using hormonal contraceptives, while the other 25 participants are women of reproductive age, not using hormonal contraceptives. The participants were recruited from Orita-Obele and Arakale health centers, Akure, Ondo State. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.001) in both creatinine and urea levels when compared to the control, but no significant increase (p>0.05) in both sodium and potassium ion concentrations. A significant increase (p<0.0001) in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT) activity, along with a significant increase (p<0.01) in bilirubin level, were observed in the case when compared with the control group. The results suggest that the alterations observed in kidney and liver function of subjects on hormonal contraceptives may indicate potential impairment. Understanding these interactions is crucial for ensuring the safe use of hormonal contraceptives and managing any potential risks to liver and kidney health, thereby guiding clinicians in prescribing these medications and monitoring their effects.

Background: This study aimed to examine the relationships between anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness performance among adolescent male football academy players in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Understanding these associations could inform player development and training strategies in youth football. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was used to assess 20 male football players aged 15–25 years. Anthropometric variables measured included height (170.62 ± 3.16 cm), weight (62.95 ± 1.92 kg), waist-hip ratio (0.83 ± 0.01), body fat (%), and limb lengths. Fitness attributes evaluated were speed (40-m sprint), agility (Illinois agility test), endurance (Yo-Yo test), flexibility (sit-and-reach), core strength (plank test), and power (standing long jump). VO₂max was estimated using the Siri equation, with Body Density derived from the Jackson and Pollock 3-site formula. Results: The players demonstrated moderate agility (17.87 ± 0.20 sec), sprint speed (5.71 ± 0.06 sec), and VO₂max (35.25 ± 6.12 mL/kg/min). Notably, goalkeepers’ height and VO₂max were perfectly correlated (r = 1.000, p = 0.008), and lower limb length significantly correlated with VO₂max (r = 1.000, p = 0.030). Midfielders' lower limb length strongly predicted sprint speed (r = 0.886, p = 0.019). Other correlations across positions were weak or not statistically significant. Conclusion: Anthropometric traits, particularly limb lengths and height, significantly influence select aspects of physical fitness in football players, varying by playing position. These findings support tailored conditioning programs based on player morphology.

This study involves the use of the histology of the mantle of a periwinkle species, Tympanotonus fuscatus, as a biomarker tool, to investigate and evaluate the ecological pollution status of two different water bodies, Bodo and Creek Road water-sides, in River State. The study involved the sampling of ten (10) feral table sized fish from two stations along the creeks of the experimental sites (Bodo and Creek Road water bodies), with similar specie, size and number from a reference site (ARAC – African Aqua-culture Centre). The test fish mantles were harvested from the fish caught from both experimental sites for histological evaluation, while the control mantles were harvested from fish harvested from ARAC. The percentage prevalence of histological alterations showed that fish from Bodo water-body had the worse outcome (25%), followed by Creek Road water-body (21.7%) and ARAC having the best outcome (6.6%). mantle histology has proven to be an explorable biomarker for evaluation of environmental status.

To determine if targeted exercise could reduce overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, a 12-week study was conducted with 60 randomly assigned participants. One group (n=30) received an enhanced exercise intervention, consisting of two extra athletic training sessions per week in addition to their regular physical education. The control group (n=30) continued with the standard curriculum and twice-weekly physical education. Key measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference, body fat, and BMI, were taken as outcome measures. After 12 weeks, the exercise group showed significant improvements in all measured outcomes (p<0.05), indicating the program's success in combating overweight and obesity.

This study examines biometric identification system as a step towards better crime control in Cameroon, with particular interest to fingerprint biometrics, DNA identification, facial recognition as well as their respective data bases. Cameroon’s biometric identification system is a government initiative aimed at enhancing identity management, security, and access to services through the use of biometric technologies. Fingerprint biometrics, DNA identification and facial recognition technologies are used in Cameroon for crime control. Their respective databases are, however, not well developed but for AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System), adopted by Cameroon government as a centralized biometric identification system for managing and authenticating identity documents. International governance on the use of biometrics for crime control has also provided Cameroon with a framework to incorporate the following in its biometric identification system: human right protection, standardization and best practices, accountability, and cross-border crime and cooperation. Legal and institutional frameworks exist that aid in biometric data collection and storage. While biometric identification systems have significant potential for crime control in Cameroon, their current effectiveness is moderate, hampered by infrastructural, legal, and operational challenges. Strengthening legal frameworks, improving infrastructure, ensuring ethical use, and fostering interagency collaboration are essential steps toward maximizing the benefits of biometric technologies in promoting security and justice.

Background: Numerous secondary metabolites present in plants, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, have demonstrated antibacterial properties in vitro. Increasing data on the antibacterial properties of medicinal plants are emerging globally. These plants generate secondary metabolites with antibacterial properties, providing an alternative for developing chemical fungicides that are both relatively safe and cost-effective. Coleus aromaticus, a member of the Lamiaceae family, possesses bitter, aromatic, digestive-stimulating, stomachic, anathematic, deodorising, diuretic, and hepatoprotective properties. Aim: The aim of current investigation is to reveal the mechanisms of C.aromaticus leaf bioactive in treating fungal infection. Methodology: Scientific validation of the current investigation was done by computational based molecular docking study of selected lead molecules against 1,3β-Glycan synthase enzyme. Result: The molecular docking results indicating binding energies of -4.02, -6.81,-4.24 and -5.18 kcal/mol for chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rosmarinic acid and rutin respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicated that each selected lead chemical for additional investigation shown significant inhibitory activity against 1,3β-Glycan synthase, hence revealing its anti-fungal potential.

This paper examines Imbolo Mbue’s How Beautiful We Were through the lens of the Integrated Model of Ideological Representation in Discourse (IMIRD) to explore how environmental risk is communicated as a tension between silence and resistance. Developed by Ogungbemi (2016), IMIRD synthesizes the ideological depth of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the structural precision of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), and lexical analysis to investigate how language encodes power, agency, and ideological positioning. Applying this model, the paper analyzes transitivity structures, agency assignment, and discursive silencing in Mbue’s depiction of a fictional African village devastated by corporate oil pollution. Through a close reading of narrative voice, clause structure, and dialogic framing, we demonstrate how Mbue’s linguistic choices—such as collective narration, passive constructions, and high-transitivity clauses—represent the villagers’ oscillation between voicelessness and defiant resistance. The study reveals how narrative grammar functions as a site of ideological struggle: one where corporate actors are obscured or backgrounded, while subaltern voices struggle for recognition. Ultimately, we argue that How Beautiful We Were is not only a literary account of environmental injustice but also a compelling discourse of resistance, showing how storytelling—when examined through IMIRD—operates as a vehicle for reclaiming agency, memory, and ecological justice.

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. It is frequently associated with wide spectrum of extra-intestinal manifestations, including thromboembolism events. We report the case of a young woman known with a CD since the age of 6, who says to be compliant to the gluten free diet (GFD), and presented with bloating and anemic syndrome. The endoscopic and anathomopathological examinations revealed no abnormalities. The CT scan revealed incidentally a chronic obstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). the etiological work-up for thromboembolic disease was negative, concluding to a Budd-Chiari syndrome complicating her CD. She was managed with anticoagulants, specifically Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).

In view of the considerable importance of thiadiazoles and thiazolidinones, which are the core structures in a variety of pharmaceuticals with a broad spectrum of biological activity. Synthesis of series of potential biological active 1, 3, 4 thiadiazole linked 4 thiazolidinone derivatives were obtained via a multistep synthesis sequence with a simple and convenient approach by using substituted benzoic acids, which are expected to possess enhanced antioxidant activity based on the literature survey reports. In the present study the initial compound, 5-phenyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-amine was treated with different substituted aromatic aldehydes to produce Schiff base. The resulting Schiff base were subjected to addition reactions with thioglycolic acid to form title compounds of 2-phenyl-3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterised by FT-IR, H1NMR and mass spectral analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested for antioxidant activities with standard drug using DPPH method. The results of this study revealed that, among the compound tested for antioxidant activity, TZD 5 and TZD 3 exhibited promising antioxidant activity with the IC50 value 27.50µM and 28.00µM while the value of reference compound, ascorbic acid 29.2µM. The antioxidant screening results indicate that exciting DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in compounds (TZD 3 and TZD 5) in comparison with standard ascorbic acid. These results may also provide some significance guidance for the development of new class antioxidant.

Aim: To evaluate the role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) as a biomarker for predicting acute exacerbations in COPD (AECOPD) based on current literature. Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute exacerbations (AECOPD) have led to a major impact on patient health, which in turn lead to hospitalizations and also an increased risk to disease burden. Thus in order to optimize treatment stratergies, one have to identify those reliable biomarkers that help predict exacerbations. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been a potential indicator to assess inflammation in COPD patients [1-6]. Review Results: This review critically examines six key studies on NLR and COPD exacerbations, assessing both its clinical utility as well as its limitations. Several studies have found a link between higher NLR and an increased risk of COPD exacerbations. However, changes in cutoff values, study designs and confounding factors like corticosteroid use may have an impact on prediction accuracy [1-6]. Conclusion: The NLR is a promising biomarker for determining AECOPD risk. However, consistent cutoff values and multi marker techniques are necessary for clinical use.

Cubosomes, lipid-based nanoparticles characterized by a bicontinuous cubic phase structure, show significant promise as drug delivery systems (DDS) due to their stability, enhanced bioavailability, and targeted delivery capabilities. This review examines the development, structural features, and drug release mechanisms of cubosomes, including diffusion-controlled, stimuli-responsive, and targeted release strategies. Applications in oncology, infectious diseases, and anti-inflammatory therapies highlight their improved therapeutic efficacy and minimized systemic side effects. Challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, particle stability, and regulatory compliance are addressed, along with potential solutions and emerging trends. The review emphasizes the potential of cubosomes in precision medicine and personalizing treatment plans, encouraging further research to meet unmet clinical needs.

Background: Interactive teaching strategies have been shown to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes in medical education. However, the extent to which first-year medical students in Bangladesh perceive interactivity in lectures remains unclear. This study aimed to assess students’ perceptions of interactivity in General Embryology lecture classes. Objectives: To analyze the perceptions of Bangladeshi medical undergraduates regarding interactivity in the General Embryology lecture classes Methods: In this study two surveys were conducted on 232 undergraduates of two medical colleges of Bangladesh using a questionnaire designed by the researcher to analyze the perceptions of the undergraduates regarding how the lecturers try to make their General Embryology lectures ‘understandable and interesting’. Results: The survey results regarding the perceptions and views of the medical undergraduates show that out of the 55 questions regarding interactivity, the Embryology lectures scored three (3) or more out of four (4) in case of only two (2) of the questions. Two (2) or more was obtained in case of eighteen (18) questions only. Conclusions: These results broadly suggest lower levels of interactivity regarding General Embryology lecture classes in the eyes of Bangladeshi medical undergraduates.