Background: Prevalence of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in younger age is increasing in worldwide and it has been reported that 60% of AMI in young age is due to genetic causes. SNP inPAI-1 4G/5G plays major role and there is a need to authenticate its effectiveness and sensitivity. The aim of this study is to ascertain SNP in PAI-1 (4G/5G) as an independent biochemical marker for the South Indian young AMI patient’s less than 45 yearsand to find its association with other risk factors of AMI. Methodology: This cross sectional study subjects includes40 Patients aged less than 45 years with AMI withtypical chest pain, ST Elevation in ECG and a rise in serum CK-MB, without any other known risk factorsand age and sex matched 40 control. ARMS-PCR was done with separated DNA. Remaining Serum was used to analyze Urea, HDL, CK-MB and other factors. Finally statistical analysisis done using SPSS-20.0. Result: Statistical analysis showed significant variation of SNP inPAI-1(P ≤ 0.001) between patients and controls. Further, positive significant changeswere observed between patients and controls in Serum Urea: P ≤ 0.001, Serum Glucose: P ≤ 0.04, Serum AST: P ≤ 0.001, Serum CK-MB: P ≤ 0. 001. A significant inverse association was observed in SNP of PAI-1 and Serum HDL. Conclusion: This study confirms the independent association between STEMI and the 4G/5G allele polymorphism among South Indian euthenics and an inverse association of 4G/5G polymorphism with Serum HDL-cholesterol levels.

Frozen section provides a rapid diagnosis intra or perioperatively that guides the surgeon to make a therapeutic decision for the patient’s health benefit. The comparison between the frozen section diagnosis and permanent section diagnosis is an integral part of quality assurance in surgical pathology. This study was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of frozen section at different anatomic sites assuming histopathology as a gold standard. This prospective cross sectional study was performed in the Pathology laboratory adjoining the operation theatre and Department of Pathology S.M.S Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, during a period of 2 years from January 2017 to December 2018. The results of 170 cases of frozen section were compared with their permanent section diagnosis and analysed. A total of 224 frozen section specimens from 170 cases were studied. The diagnoses were deferred in 4 (1.79%) specimens. Out of remaining 220 specimens, the concordant and discordant diagnostic frequencies were 215 (95.98%) and 5 (2.23%) respectively. Discrepancies were mainly related to misinterpretation, sampling and technical errors. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 97.73%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 92.68%, 98.88%, 95% and 98.33% respectively. The average turn-around time calculated was 20 minutes. Our study concurred that the frozen section is a rapid, reliable and an accurate technique to guide the surgeons in deciding the best therapeutic approach for the patients. The accuracy rate can be further improved by regular monitoring of frozen section performance.

As the integrated part of an organization, human resource is the most discussed factor of performance at present. In many organizations, young employees consists 50% or more of the workforce. These young, talented and innovative part of human resources needs to be understood and motivated in a different way than the average mid or older employees. This study is aimed to identify the factors that particularly motivate and satisfy young (age upto 35) employees to retain them in organizations choosing 13 factors carefully selected from 3 different motivational theories. The study adopts both primary and secondary data as well as uses previous literatures for this purpose. For this study, Bangladesh banking sector has been selected as the research field and data were collected from 750 employees through a semi-structured questionnaire. It has been found that most young employees expect non-monetary motivational rewards such as working environment (19%) and flexibility in job (13%) rather than money (12%). The least popular three motivational factors were opportunity to learn (4%), opportunity for creativity (2%) and challenging task (2%) respectively. Although the study has been conducted in very limited scope, the results might be proven useful for the academicians and decision makers who wish to study more in this area

Ischemic colitis goes unrecognized as a complication in intestinal neoplastic disorders because of their unique morphological features which vary depending upon haemodynamic status. The two cases presented here show even though ischemic pathogenesis is the underlying factor responsible for this condition; morphologically they are heterogenous and they are described in detail.

Children represent proof of manhood or womanhood in the society. The right of the child to birth registration is a prerequisite obligation any parents owe to the child after birth. Birth registration of a child is a fundamental right recognized under international law as well as domestic legislations in most civilized nations under pain of sanctions for non-compliance. The paper took an eagle eye view on the child rights to birth registration in the Cameroonian legal system. The paper also examines the need for birth registration and the socio-legal implications for non registration of child birth in Cameroon and concludes with some robust recommendations for policy formulation which it effectively implemented, will go a mile stone to guarantee the protection of birth registration of a child in Cameroon.

Burns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Data from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control in the United States show that approximately 2 million fires are reported each year which result in 1.2 million people with burn injuries. The present study, “Bacteriological profile of burn wound infections” was carried out in Department of Microbiology, in a tertiary care hospital, over a period of one year from Jan 2016 – Dec 2016. A total of 50 patients of all age groups and both sexes admitted in our Burn Care Unit were selected for this study. In the present study, Majority of patients were in the age group 31-40years. Out of 50 patients studied, 28 patients were male and 22 patients were females. A total of 128 organisms were isolated and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44 cases) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (37 cases) and coagulase negative staphylococci (29 cases). The other isolates included Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter freundii and Enterococcus species. Modern infection control practice has been effective in reducing or eliminating endemic pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant organisms, preventing the establishment of newly introduced pathogenic and/or antibiotic-resistant organisms as the predominant nosocomial flora of the burn unit, and preventing reseeding of such strains back into the burn unit from patients housed in the adjacent convalescent ward.

The diagnosis and treatment of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma are currently based on histopathologic features, site of involvement and stage of disease. Recent advances in techniques for detecting lesions and predicting their progression or recurrence are reviewed here. Adjuncts for detection of lesions and selection of biopsy sites include vital tissue staining (with toluidine blue) and exfoliative cytology. Advances in diagnosis and staging at the molecular level are expected to affect choice of treatment and patient outcomes. Oral health care providers should be aware of these advances in the evaluation and diagnosis of oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma.

Early diagnosis of lung cancer plays a pivotal role in reducing death rate due to lung cancer. Bronchial washing, brushing and fine needle aspirations not only compliment tissue biopsies in diagnosis of lung cancer but also comparable. We aim to assess the diagnostic utility of bronchial wash and brush cytology and bronchial biopsy in diagnosing various pulmonary lesions and to compare the bronchial wash and brush cytology with bronchial biopsy in patients with lung cancer. All the patients who underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy at Alluri Sitarama Raju Academy of Medical Sciences, Eluru during the period of August 2016 to June 2018 for suspected lung lesions on chest radiograph/ CT scan and came to cytology division of pathology department for bronchial wash & brush cytology were included in the study along with biopsy in available cases. Total 60 cases of bronchoscopically visible abnormal lesions underwent bronchial wash and/or brush cytology and/or bronchial biopsy. Of them, only 11.8% of cases of lung malignancy was detected by bronchial wash where as 28.9% of cases of lung malignancies were detected by bronchial brush and 58.8% of cases by bronchial biopsy. We conclude that endobronchial biopsies along with bronchial brush give better cellularity and yield when compared to bronchial wash. The probability of finding the histological subtypes is higher in Endobronchial biopsy when compared with brush and wash samples.

In Cameroon, due to the weaknesses of institutions and inadequate laws, many agro industrial plantations which are in most parts of the country extensively apply fertilizers, pesticides and discharge their untreated waste into nature. These attitudes are consistent for industries, hospitals and individuals. Consequently chemicals are found in ground water. Artisan mining of gold in the South eastern and Eastern parts of Cameroon release substantial quantities of arsenic in to ground water. All these leads to ground water pollution .The ramification of this pollution of ground water is water borne diseases (such as typhoid, cholera and amoebic dysentery which are recurrent in most of the urban cities in Cameroon). This paper investigates why the laws regulating ground water are not enforced and the lacunae of these laws. The paper does so through a reading of records mainly from documentary and internet search. The data thus collected constitutes the sources from which the law is drawn, stated and analyzed in the light of the stated aim of the paper. The results inter alia show that the law that regulate ground water pollution are not well enforced. The said results also highlight the limitation of the available laws regulating ground water pollution in Cameroon. The results are significant as they expose gaps in the current laws regulating ground water pollution and conclude with suggestions on where the law should go.

Fomite is an inanimate object or substance that could serve as a vehicle for transmission of infectious organisms amongst individuals. A large number of factors may affect the contamination rate of fomite such as moisture, consistent use and overall cleanliness. Fomites that are found in public places, restaurants, hotels, hospitals and restrooms may include among others handbags, mobile phones, money, door handles or knobs of showers, conveniences, faucets and toilet seats, chairs, lockers, sink and tables. Ladies handbags are multipurpose personal gadgets which may usually habour several kinds of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of viable pathogenic bacteria on inanimate entities had been reported by earlier investigators. In this study, a total of one hundred (100) handbags from female undergraduate Microbiology students of Gombe State University (GSU), were investigated for bacterial contaminants and their resistance or otherwise to some commercial antibiotics using standard Microbiology procedures. The results obtained revealed the presence of six (6) different bacterial species, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that all the six (6) bacteria were sensitive to Pefloxacin while five isolates (S. aureus, E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis) , two isolates (B. subtilis and P. mirabilis) and another two isolates (K. pneumoniae and E. coli) were sensitive to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and streptomycin, respectively. In conclusion, high level of bacterial contaminants were observed from the studied handbags and found some of the contaminants resistant to the tested antibiotics hence, appropriate use of effective disinfectants is highly encouraged to reduce the magnitude of bacterial contaminants and likelihood of transmitting drug recalcitrant organisms.

This research at legal issues do General Principles of Good Governance stone behavior can be propagated as test corruption government politics village as the alternative solution build control mechanisms for corruption be able to control of the village head in village funds. This research method is a study of legal research. The results of this study the approach to applying AUPB as a test for village government corruption behavior by a judge can technically be done in 2 (two) ways, namely: through induction and deduction legal reasoning. Practical experience shows that the settlement of disputes in the Court so far usually begins with an induction step, which is in the form of formulating facts, seeking a causal relationship, and determining the probability. After the induction step, it is followed by efforts to apply the law as a step of deduction. In the application of law, it always begins with identification of legal rules. Efforts to identify the rule of law, often encounter conditions; legal vacuum (leemten in het recht), legal antinomy (conflict of norms), and vage norms.

Fungal infections from the Candida have significant cause of blood stream infection. This is troublesome among those who have been hospitalized with serious underlying diseases or those who are immunocompromised. To know the prevalence and types of Candida species in blood stream infection and their antifungal susceptibility pattern. The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot from September 2015 to August 2016. Total number of samples are 207. Blood culture specimens were collected and processed for, culture on SDA and HCDA, Slide culture, Gram stain, Germ tube. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby Bauer method as per the CLSI guidelines. 58 (28.01%) Candida spp. [C. tropicalis (18), C. glabrata(14), C. gullermondii(12), C. parapsilosis(10), C. albicans(4)] were isolated from 207 specimens. Out of these, 203 (98.06%) from NICU/PICU and 4 (1.93%) from Skin ward, predominantly Males (57.97%). The isolates sensitivite to Voriconazole (100%), Fluconazole (98.88%), followed by Ketoconazole (73.03%) and Clotrimazole (68.62%). Maximum resistance observed to Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Miconazole, Itraconazole. Candidemia is major cause of mortality due to lack of antifungal therapy. Blood stream infections by Candida species have shown highest rates of inappropriate therapy among all BSIs. Strategies are needed to rapidly identify cases of candidemia who are already suffering from serious underlying disease and develop rapid diagnostic technology that widely available and cost effective. By knowing Antifungal susceptibility pattern, patients who are at increased risk for developing nosocomial candidemia should be treated early with empiric therapy that reduced unnecessary patient mortality.

This study concentrates on the theoretical and applied aspects of the contractual liability under the third parties act; the theoretical aspect of this liability includes the definition, conditions, the range, features, provisions, and legal basis. Additionally, the most important applications of this liability within Bahrain Civil Law is discussed: Construction contract, and Lease contract. The research defines contractual liability under the third party act as a contractual liability which will be held when the debtor uses a third party to implement his contractual commitments, as long as there are no contractual terms preventing this.

Background: Endometrial carcinomas accounts for 4-8% of all gynaecological malignancies. Over the past 30 years, many genes which cause cancer have been identified in endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasias. Recently, many studies have shown that the most frequently variable expression gene in endometrial carcinoma is PTEN (Phosphatase and TENsilon homologue) tumor suppressor gene which is mutated in about 30 - 50% of endometrial carcinomas. Identification of inactivated PTEN gene is a very important step in the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinomas and hyperplasias. This study was carried out to evaluate the expression of PTEN in the precursor lesions of endometrial carcinoma in peri-menopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 3634 samples of endometrial tissue were received in the department during the period of 5 years (Jan 2008 to Dec 2012). Of these formalin fixed and paraffin embedded 100 cases of endometrial hyperplasia from perimenopausal women with abnormal bleeding were retrieved and reviewed. PTEN immunohistochemical staining was done and analyzed. Results: Simple hyperplasia without atypia was the most common precursor lesion in perimenopausal women. PTEN expression was significantly higher in immunoreactivity and intensity in simple hyperplasia without atypia. Complex hyperplasia with atypia showed significantly lower immunoreactivity and intensity of PTEN expression. Conclusion: Our study recommends PTEN expression by immunohistochemistry, in all endometrial hyperplasias in the biopsy specimens which is a simple and cost effective technique when compared to other molecular studies.

This study aims to examine the direct influence of organizational culture (X1), leadership style (X2) and job satisfaction (X3) on the performance of principals (X4). The correlative descriptive quantitative research methods will explore information about organizational culture with leadership styles in achieving job satisfaction for high school teachers and staff on the performance of principals in Riau Islands Province. Variable data were obtained through the instruments of 35 variable items with Likert scales score in rank 1–5. Management of Islamic Education Institutions implements Organizational Culture with effective and efficient leadership styles. Supervision continues to be carried out by implementers of education, government, and end users, as an effort to improve the quality of national education and the quality of the quality of Indonesian society carried out in a sustainable manner. It utilized not only the science, the technology in advances but paid the attention to global challenges as well. The Islamic education management system is a coordinative, systematic and integrative process. The process starts with organizing planning, mobilizing, and monitoring. Based on the results of the variable calculation together affecting the performance of the principal (X4) obtained a value of 91% so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. It can be concluded that organizational culture, leadership style, and job satisfaction have a significant influence on the performance of the principal