Introduction: Propensity scoring is a powerful tool to strengthen causal inferences drawn from observational studies of different areas. A propensity score is used to choose treatment and control groups with simila baseline characteristics. A Propensity score is defined as the probability of the subject being assigned to the treatment group, given set of baseline characteristics. Objectives: To review the impact analysis of interventions using Propensity Score analysis. Methods: literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Eleven scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The results of this review showed that a total of twenty four articles and books were reviewed and almost all of the reviewed articles and books were used Propensity Score analysis methods clarifying the notes and for their analysis of different titles of researches in different parts of the world. Conclusion: This review of assessed and reviewed, Propensity matching is a powerful tool for observational data analyses because it facilitates the comparison of outcomes between similar groups of patients and has impacts on the interventions.

Pancasila has already been recognized and adhered to as the ideology of the Indonesian state since its independence, in 1945, until now, within the 2000s reform period. The state is obligedto uphold the inheritance of Pancasila values from generation to generation. Period of 1945-2000s was divided into three periods of power: the Orde Lama, the Orde Baru and the reformation periods. Each period has its own way in intervening the education system about teachingthe interpretation of the state ideology in accordance with the political line of power. It is a literature researches that triesto figure out the patterns of state intervention in the education system related to the Pancasila ideology.

The aim to conduct this case study, because Pituitary Macroadenoma leading to aspergillus is a rare condition. In which the main pathogen of fungal sellar is aspergillus species. The pituitary infectious fungi consisted on different groups and dimorphic fungi. The leading pathogen of fungal sellar abscess is the type of aspergillus. The possible route of infection through sphenoid sinus with a thin sellar roof. Pituitary tumour differentiate through its size. Pituitary tumors undesirably known to grow in the, sphenoid bone, cavernous sinus, mid-nasal ductus, and left cerebral hemisphere. In our case presentation patient presented with pituitary macroadenoma, which diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging. Presented with nasal mass, and acromegaly features, headache. Right eye vision loss. Through endoscopy biopsy report shows the nasal fungal infection. Surgical treatment, trans-sphenoidal procedure will be planned as recommended in literature reviews.

This study sought to find out the impact of Senior School Science Students having mathematics lessons three times a week as against the usual five times a week in the school time – table in Nigeria. The research design adopted was PreTest-post-test Quasi-experimental. The population of the study was 1,092 Senior School Three (SS3) Science Student from 26 public Senior Schools from Oshimili North and South Local Government Areas of Delta State, Nigeria. The sample of the study was 252 Schools Science Students in Oshimili North and South local government Areas of Delta State, Nigeria. Two research questions and one null hypothesis were posted to guide the study. A validated and reliable (0.85) instrument, Mathematic Assessment Test item (MATI), was used to collect data, which was analyzed with z-test statistic. It was found that students who had mathematics lesson five times a week in the time-table had higher Mean Percentage Score (76.1) than those who had mathematics lesson three times a week in the school time-table with a Mean Percentage Score of 74.7. However, the difference in Mean Percentage Score was not, statistically, significant. It was, therefore, among other things recommended that the school principals can use the time-table of three mathematics periods a week, with adequate assignments for science based students, at the senior school Level.

A simple and rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for determination of tolperisone concentration in human plasma was developed and validated. Using prednisolone as an internal standard (IS), 1.0 ml plasma samples were extracted with a mixture of methyl tert. butyl ether and dichloromethane (70:30, v:v). Analysis was performed using Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.05 M (mono basic) potassium phosphate (pH=3.0) and acetonitrile (70:30, v:v). The eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 262 nm. No interference with tolperisone or IS peaks by extracted blank plasma components or commonly used drugs was observed. The relationship of tolperisone concentration and peak area ratio of tolperisone / IS was linear (R2 ≥ 0.9961) in the range of 10 – 800 ng/ml, the intra and inter-day coefficient of variations were ≤ 4.1% and ≤5.7%, respectively with a corresponding bias of ±11.4% and ±8.4%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of tolperisone and the IS were 95% and 83%, respectively. The method was applied to assess the stability of tolperisone under various conditions encountered in the clinical laboratory. Tolperisone stability in processed samples stored at room temperature for 24 hours or at -20 °C for 48 hours, in unprocessed samples stored for 24 hours at room temperature or for 8 weeks at -20 °C, and after 3 freeze and thaw cycles was ≥ 91%.

Increasing the role of information and communication aspects of interaction between government and society in the era of transformation of social relations, the transition to an information society. Information is increasingly serving as a base value, a “strategic resource,” as well as a system-forming and regulating factor in the socio-political reality. At the same time, domestic power structures continue to incur administrative resources without drastically changing the patterns of communicative interaction, without developing to the necessary degree various forms of direct and feedback with the public.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sardine (Sardinella gibbosa) fish extract on papain induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methodology: In this study 30 wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into five groups. Group-1 (-ve Control), Group 2 (+ve control), Group 3 (Calcium 75 mg/kg as standard), Group 4 (Sardine extract 30 gms/kg), Group 5 (15 gms/kg sardine extract). Osteoarthritis was induced in the right knees of all the groups of rats except negative control by injecting 0.2 ml (4%) of papain solution with 0.1 ml (0.03M) of cystein as activator. All groups were left for development of osteoarthritis. Rats were sacrificed on day 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 & 28 days of post papain injection. Results: Estimation of calcium and phosphorus in fish extract was carried out by Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The percentage inhibition of knee thickness of sardine fish extract and Calcium groups were found to be 68% and 77% respectively. Various haematological parameters like RBC count and Hb, WBC count and ESR were recorded. Parameters like blood glucose, urea, globulin, creatinine, total protein, and albumin were calculated. Histopathological studies of knee joints of rats were also carried out. Conclusion: Sardinella gibbosa fish extract at a dose level of 30 gm/kg p.o., exhibited reduction in osteoarthritis due to the rich source of Ca & selenium and maintained the normal haematological and biochemical parameters in papain induced osteoarthritic rats

Natural convection in water inside an enclosure between two concentric cylinders has been investigated experimentally during heating and cooling process. This is made by the flowing of water as heat transfer fluid through the inner tube of the test section. The temperature distribution of water filled in the enclosure is established during heating and cooling process. As the natural convection phenomenon majorly depends on the heat source and orientation of the test section, the effect of mass flow rate and inlet temperature of heat transfer fluid on temperature distribution and heat transfer rate is investigated, first. Afterward, the effect of inclination of the test section on the temperature distribution is also established. The test section is inclined at 45o, 75o and 90o with the horizontal. The results obtained with different angle oriented test section are compared with the horizontal test section. It is found, convection heat transfer is dominant in heating process while in cooling process conduction mode of heat transfer dominated over convection. It is also observed that during the heating process, heat transfer rate is higher for vertical test section as compared with the other inclinations.

Introduction: Radiopharmaceuticals are special class of pharmaceuticals and utmost care should be taken for their handling, storage, dispensing and use. The characteristic which sets them apart from pharmaceuticals includes their short half-life, inherent hazardous nature of radioisotope, issue of maintaining sterility with radiation safety simultaneously, storage, transport and waste disposal issues and the fact that minute change in dose may cause faulty diagnosis or even over exposure. Therefore the guidelines applicable to pharmaceuticals are not relevant for radiopharmaceutical and calls for separate regulatory setup for radiopharmaceuticals. Objectives: To review regulatory managements of radiopharmaceuticals. Methods: Systematic literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Ten scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The results of this review showed that a total of ten articles were reviewed which talks about the regulatory management of radiopharmaceuticals of different guidelines and different regulatory bodies of different countries and causes and consequences of poor regulatory control. Conclusion: For good quality of radiopharmaceuticals there should be quality management system should be implemented, documented, and duly maintained; effectiveness should be continuously improved in accordance with the requirements of professional, regulatory, and accrediting bodies.

In the survey, an ethnobotanical inventory was carried out to study the plant families, species and parts of plants used as remedy for cancer. The result showed that a total of 76 plant species from 47 families mostly of the Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Dioscoraceae and Zingiberaceae The commonest plant species identified include; Ricans communis L (Castor bean), Manihot esculenta Crantz (Cassava), Tetrapleura tetraptera Scum & Thonn (African yellow wood), Curcuma longa L (Tumeric), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) and Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (African pepper). All the plants studied in this survey have been used by the herbal practitioners and adjudged to be effective. Despite the inventory, more research is needed in the extraction and isolation of active chemical constituents in these medicinal plants for drug formulation and other vital pharmaceutical purposes.

Dry eye is defined as the disorder of the tear film either due to tear deficiency or excessive evaporation which causes damage to the inter-palpebral ocular surface which comprises of the entire epithelial surface of the cornea, limbus and conjunctiva. Dry eye disease (DED) affects 4.3-16% of adults approximately. There are various etiological factors associated with dry eye disease and diabetes mellitus is one of them. A case control study of 100 diabetic and 100 non diabetic patients was conducted at a tertiary care eye hospital to see the correlation with duration of diabetes. The mean duration of diabetes was 8.48±4.29 years. The mean fasting and post prandial blood sugar level in study group were 155.77±14.94 mg% and 263.77±51.49 mg% respectively. The difference of blood sugar level from control was statistically significant (p<0.001). The TBUT, marginal tear strip staining, fluorescein staining, rose Bengal staining were found statistically significant in study group. 35 cases had moderate dry eye in diabetic group. The comparison of both the group was statistically significant. The severity of dry eye was statistically significant in > 10 years duration of diabetes. A total of 11% patients with >10 years duration were having severe dry eye as compared to only 2% of <10 years of diabetes. The difference between the incidence of dry eye in right and left eye was insignificant.

Photosynthesis or green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been shown an ecofriendly and cost effective approach with a great significance of biomedical Applications. Plant extracts may act both as reducing agents and stabilizing agents in the nanoparticles formation. We therefore synthesized silver nanoparticles using Syzygium cumini methanol seed extract which is found to be most enriched in Phytonutrients, and had strong anti-glycoxidative potential. In this chapter, the Characterization of silver nanoparticles of S.cumini (ScSNPs) methanol seed extract was performed and their role on glucose stressed cardiac cells was studied. Nanoparticles synthesis is based upon its size, shape, disparity and surface area. After mixing with silver nitrate solution the colour changes from yellow to dark Brown confirming the formations of nanoparticles. This colour change is due to the Excitation of surface plasmon vibrations. We have synthesized the silver nanoparticles after 48 h of incubation but sometimes it takes more/less time depends upon the rateof bio-reduction of silver ion due to the presence of reactivity of enzymes and components exist in plant extract. The silver ions bind to the secondary metabolites inS. cumini and getting reduced. This complex of silver ion and metabolite interacts with other complexes and contributes to the formation of silver nanoparticle, which is a critical phenomenon and affected by pH, temperature, concentration and electrochemical gradient of silver ion. The plasmon resonance is acombined resonance of the conducting electrons of silver nanoparticles and scatteroptical light elastically with significant efficiency our study reveals that the polyphones and amines in S. cumini contribute to the formation of synthesis of silver nanoparticles and might go through a two-step redox process.

Dengue virus is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. Co-circulation of the four types of dengue viruses and expansion of dengue epidemic give rise to infection enhancement and a big expansion of clinical aspects of the disease. Infection with dengue virus (DENV) causes diseases ranging widely in severity, from self-limited dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. But atypical manifestations of dengue fever are rising day by day but they may be under reported. Here in we report a case of 6 years old girl presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain and was diagnosed as classical dengue with ascites and pleural effusion. Pleural effusion and ascites are evidence of plasma leakage which appear in patients of Dengue hemorrhagic fever but not present in Classical Dengue or Dengue fever. Classical Dengue is a common disease in Bangladesh but there have been no reports of Dengue fever or Classical Dengue in association with pleural effusion and ascites.

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is considered as the "tree of life" as it has contributed in so many ways to all aspects of life for thousands of years. Dates are implicated to possess medicinal properties in addition to its nutritional value. This is the first study to isolate and identify the phylloplane mycoflora associated with date palm from Shuqaiq region of Jizan province. Potato Dextrose media was used for the growth of mycoflora which was inoculated by 0.5cm direct pieces of the diseased parts leaves of the date palm. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of mycoflora was carried out by the fungal cultures on the petri plates and the slides were identified by microscopic and macroscopic characteristics.The mycoflora isolated belongs to the four classes of fungi Zygomycotina, Oomycotina, Basidiomycotina and Ascomycotina. Forty three isolates represented by fourteen genera Absidia, Aspergillus Botrytis, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Periconia, Phoma , Phytopthora , Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Saprolegnia, Syncephalastrum and Ceratocystis were isolated during this study.The diverse group of genera isolated are phytopathogenic and are the causal organisms for a number of important date palm diseases. This leads to poor health and fruit quality and hence the diseases need to be controlled and the palm protected.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the broad ligament is an extremely rare tumor with very few cases reported in literature. We herein report a case of postmenopausal lady, diagnosed pre-operatively on ultrasound and CT as a degenerated fibroid/ ovarian tumor. Post operatively histopathological diagnosis proved to be a leiomyosarcoma. The patient was treated with adjuvant radiotherapy with a dose schedule of 50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks. Patient is on monthly follow up since 6 months with no complaints