Background: Obesity has become a leading global public health problem and termed as millennium disease with worldwide spread. Obesity may be a modifiable risk factor for older adult impairment which needs to be completely addressed Aimed to: assess obesity and the functional impairment of older women. Design: Case control design was used. Setting: The present study was done at Kafar Mosa Amran, Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate. Subjects and methods: 150 older women were selected for the study (75 older women case, 75 older women control) by multistage cluster sampling technique. Tools of data collection: Three categories of tools: the first tool for measuring socio demographic data, BMI, health characteristics of older women, practicing exercises and perception of physical fitness, the second tool was functional impairment questionnaire; the third tool was Lawton instrumental activities of daily livings to assess dependency of older women. Results: 98.7% of study group compare to 64.0% in the control group were impaired and unable to function with statistically significance(X2=29.68 and P=<0.001). 13.5% of the study groups were independent in activities of daily living compared to 42.7% in the control group. Additionally, the study revealed that age and BMI were risk factors for functional impairment. Conclusions: Obesity in women aged 65 or older is associated with greater risk of impaired physical function with greater dependency level on others. Recommendation: Health education campaigns appear to be the most effective interventions to increase awareness of older women concerning obesity related health risks. Experimental study is suggested to manage obesity burden, and the study can also be replicated in urban areas or on larger samples.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development charecterized by the presence of opalescent dentin, resulting in a dusky blue to brownish discoloration of the teeth. This condition is genetically and clinically heterogeneous. Both deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected. This report describes a case of 19 year old female patient with characteristic dental features of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II

The purpose of this study was to find out and test whether wages affect regional investment, whether inflation affects regional investment, whether exchange rates affect regional investment, and which between wages, inflation, and exchange rates are very dominant influence on regional investment. This study uses a quantitative approach, while the object of research is all labor in Malang. And researchers took data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in the city of Malang which numbered 1,273,579 workers. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regressions with the help of SPSS version 20.0 and the discussion that has been done, all variables affect regional investment.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process where clinicians and patients communicate and share evidence, giving patients an informed, active role in healthcare decisions.1 This paper addresses SDM in a local setting in the kingdom of Bahrain. Participants filled a questionnaire with two decisional-role outcome measures. Dependent variables were patient role preference pre- and post-consultation. McNamar-Bowker’s test was used to assess deviations in patient preferences pre- and post-consultation. A total (n=566) filled the questionnaire; 2.3% (95% CI; 1.2 - 3.9) preferred an active role while the majority preferred a collaborative role (43%, 95% CI; 39.0- 47.2) before their encounter with the doctor. Post-consultation, 7% of the participants had a less active role, and 31% a less collaborative role in comparison with their preference, whereas the passive role increased from 49% to 62.0% in relation to expressed preferences. It is apparent that the results lack symmetry (McNemar-Bowker S=38.5; DF=3; P= 0.001). Patients aged 36-49 years are less “collaborative” (33.1%) and more “passive” (57.5%) than younger and older age groups (p < 0.028). Higher educational meant more preference for the collaborative or active role (p < 0.01). Primary healthcare attendees prefer a passive role in SDM. Nevertheless, healthcare providers should not assume patient passivity in SDM, but must assess and treat each patient individually

Background: The examination of the lip print is known as Cheiloscopy. This is the method of identification of a person based on characteristic arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of the lips. Aim and Objective: This study was aimed at investigating gender variation in lip print pattern distribution of identical and non-identical twins. Methods: the study comprised 80 individuals (40 pairs- 25 pairs of non-identical and 15pairs of identical twins) of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria (ranging between of ages of 5- 66 years) residing in Igbo-Ora community of Oyo state in Western Nigeria. The lips of the subjects were properly cleaned and a red lipstick was applied on it. After which, the lip print impression was made on a white plane sheet. Cellophane tape was then struck on it for permanent record. The obtained lip print was studied using a magnifying lens. Results and Discussion: The following were the results in identical twins, type I males (16.7%), females (12.5%); type I’ males and females 8.3%, type II males 33.3%, females 30.5%; type III males 18.8%, females 20.8%; type IV males I6.7%, females 18.1%; type V males and females 8.3%. whereas for the non-identical twins, type I males (18.8%), females (18.4%); type I’ males 7.8%, females 15.4%, type II males 31.2%, females 24.3%; type III males 21.9%, females 23.5%; type IV males I2.5%, females 14.0%; type V males 7.8% and females 4.4%. Conclusion: It is suggestive that certain pattern types have affinity for a particular gender probably due to hormonal interplay which ultimately results in variations in their distribution.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production [1]. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the performance of Enzymatic and HPLC assay systems for determination of HbA1c. Material and Methods: This study was conducted from November, 2016 to December, 2017. The subjects under the study were enrolled from outpatient department of Medicine after obtaining written informed consent in bilingual languages from all the 100 subjects after describing all pros and cons. Fasting Plasma glucose and HbA1c were estimated in Department of Biochemistry, SRMS IMS. Result and Discussion: Maximum percentages of patients were in age 51 to 60 years (32%) while the least percentage of patients was from the age group 21 to 30 years (2%). Present study comprising 38% females and 62% males. HbA1c distribution in subjects by Enzymatic method in Mean ± SD (8.598 ± 2.29) with minimum of 6.2% and maximum 20.4%. The FPG distribution in Subjects 154.37 ± 40.13 (Mean ± SD) with minimum FPG of 96 mg/dl and maximum 289 mg/dl. Conclusion: HbA1c has come to play an integral role in the management of diabetes, one of the world’s most prevalent non-communicable diseases. HbA1c defines an end point as the fuel of diabetic therapy and provides a powerful stimulus to the patients to improve their compliance. HbA1c remains the gold standard in the assessment of glycemic control with availability of standardize methods.

This project work evaluated the strip (rapid diagnostic test) method and microscopic method in the identification of malaria parasites. To evaluate the suitability of both methods and also to find the advantage and disadvantage of both methods. Two ml (2ml) blood sample was collected with a total number of 100 samples from children between the age of 5-14years presented with fever attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, haematology/blood group serology unit into EDTA container in the basis of first come first serve were used. Out of the 100 patients under present study, 71% turned out to be positive as overall. Out of these, 59% were positive for strip method whereas 71% were positive for microscopic method (thick film). Both methods showed that the most pathogenic and predominant species in Abakaliki is plasmodium falciparum. Thick film was made in a clean grease free slide immediately after collection and allowed to air dry and stained with Giemsa stain diluted with buffered water (pH 7.2) for 20 minutes and the stained slide was viewed microscopically by focusing with XI0 and examine with XI00 objective (oil in immersion). Strip method (rapid diagnostic test) used is manufactured from standard diagnostics, INC. (SD). The test device was removed from the foil pouch, placed on a flat, dry surface. With the aid of a 5ul capillary pipette provided, draw whole blood to a black line and then transfer the drawn whole blood into the round sample well. Four drops of assay diluents was added vertically into the square assay diluent well. Result was read after 15 minutes, one line (control line) indicate negative result while two lines test and control line indicate positive result. Both methods are good in the identification of malaria parasites, but microscopy is the “gold standard”. Microscopic method requires high skill manpower, a lot of training/expertise and are not encouraged in rural area with low/no power supply. Strip method is rapid, does not requires expertise/training and it does not consume time, but it is just a screening test, if used should be confirmed with the microscopic method.

It is obvious that the life of man and that of the society revolve around land and its resources. This importance of land to man and the society influenced the state intrusion into property legislation in order to ensure adequate and efficient land management technique for the benefits of the greatest number of the members of the society. Furthermore, the nexus between land and economic prosperity of an individual and a nation informed the constitutional provisions respecting the inviolability of private property rights in various jurisdictions around the world. This work focuses on the credit aspects of land reform and land settlement schemes in Nigeria. The findings, manifestly, show that Land Use Act 1978 (Act) brought enormous reforms to the administration and management of land in Nigeria, including the aspects of land settlement schemes. Which has, remarkably, improved the economic value of land, and prescribed a much more better and equitable ways of alienating interest in land as expressed in the combined effect of Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 and 34(7) of the Act. It also notes that Land settlement schemes are projects with positive impact on land, and not fettered by the provision of the Land Use Act 1978, as previously thought. Even the ones created by Deed or Wills before the Land Use Act as adumbrated in Section 26 of the Act, Therefore, we recommend that Governments at all levels should create land settlement schemes, so as to improve land, the fortunes and living conditions of the citizens, and, by extension, food security through the Farm settlements.

Youngsters are the future of the world, but their growth is affected by various social trends of thought and new media. Destructive Cults use the "broken windows theory" to do great harm to teenagers. In this paper, through the analysis of the realistic challenges of youth education, destructive cults use "broken windows effect" poisoning youngsters and so on, to illustrate its huge harm and adverse effects of destructive cults; based on the "broken windows theory" destructive cults prevention and control, the researchers put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the national social level and the individual level of young people, especially for youth training, education and guidance.

A Pandemic of Influenza A (H1N1), caused by a new strain of the Virus started in Mexico in 2009. The first case in India was seen at Hyderabad in June 2009. Influenza A H1N1 2009 is transmitted by airborne droplet infection. The disease was initially known as Swine Flu, but now called as Seasonal Flu. The study has been carried out at M. P. Shah Government Medical College and Guru Gobind Singh Hospital, Jamnagar Gujarat. As per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India guidelines, Category C Seasonal Flu patients were admitted in the Hospital. Out of 178 samples sent, 99 samples tested positive. 26 patients succumbed to the illness. Retrospective analysis of the Fatal cases were done with respect to various parameters. Maximum number of patients were in the age group above 60years. More number of fatal cases were in the age group of 40 to 49 years. Mortality was more in males although incidence was almost same in both sex. Presence of Co-Morbid illness was high amongst fatal cases. All fatal cases had low Oxygen saturation on presentation and were late in starting Oseltamivir after onset of symptoms. Even after 10 years Seasonal Influenza caused by H1N1 Virus carries significant mortality

The water forms an important component of our body and is essential for life. Water is involved in every bodily function from digestion and circulation through to the control of body temperature and the excretion of waste products. It plays an important role in body homeostasis. If there is an excess loss of water then it adversely affects various oral and surrounding structures. Water loss is temporary and can be easily replenished.

Till date there is no definite basis of burn out syndrome. There is vast difference in the bookish knowledge and practicability of this particular so called syndrome or disease. It’s the aftermath of over work, loss of self confidence and reduction in satisfaction. But till now it’s counted as a result of inadequate treatment of chronic stress. In this publication I have tried my level best to explore the current concept of this syndrome which could affect the future and contemporary generations. A variety of factors play into burnout among healthcare professionals, many of which are non-modifiable such as gender, socio-demographic variables, personality, and age [1]; however, the top cited reason for burnout is work overload [2]. When a person works in a high stress field such as healthcare they are exposed to emotionally draining experiences all the time so the added pressure of working while the hospital is understaffed only piles on to that stress. Many studies within hospitals have found a direct link between reducing workload and reduced burnout among healthcare professionals [3] which led to a significant drop in patient deaths [4]. It is impossible to expect for us as healthcare professionals to do the work of two or three people and still give the same quality care to a patient as usual. Burnout only leads to mediocre patient care and a poor work environment, which continue the vicious circle to only cause more burnout. and Medical institutions across the world have attempted to provide both preventive and curative care for healthcare workers who are at risk for experiencing burnout; however, many of these attempts were unsuccessful and do not address the underlying problem: overworked staff. Goal: The goals of this study were: to identify the specific stressors of high intensity in the hospital physicians work environment, to discover whether and how certain stressors can affect the appearance of burnout syndrome at work in a hospital physician, to determine whether certain individual factors influence the occurrence of burnout syndrome at work. Methods and subjects: Study was conducted on medical professionals working at Govt. Medical College, Amritsar. Results: The study comprised 64.8% hospital doctors (specialists and doctors on specialization) of a total 321 employees in various departments. High level of emotional exhaustion was recorded in 45.9% a high level of depersonalization in 54.8 %, and a low level in perceptions of personal accomplishments in 45.2% of respondents. Conclusions: Continuous exposure to stressors at the workplace, such as work at shifts, excessive workload, poor communication with superiors, and lack of continuous education of hospital physicians can lead to mental and physical exhaustion, professional burnout. Socially there was no source to make amendments in the working conditions of the professionals. High-quality controlled studies on burnout syndrome are lacking. A standardized and internationally accepted diagnostic instrument with a validated rating scale should be developed. The etiology and pathogenesis of burnout should be studied with special regard to the possible role of neurobiological factors. Treatments for it should be studied systematically so that their effects can be judged at a high level of evidence. In view of the current lack of knowledge about what is called “burnout,” the term should not be used as a medical diagnosis or as a basis for decisions regarding disability or other socioeconomic matters.

A geriatric patient is prone to a number of oral health problems like loss of teeth, xerostomia, mucosal alterations and others. The oral functions need to be restored. Prosthesis like RPD, FPD, CD can be used for restoring oral functions. However, all these require maintenance and care. This article deals with various techniques for oral health care in elderly and also emphasizes on the need for oral health education to the elderly population.

Introduction: The surgical outcome is always influenced by postoperative respiratory complications. In few cases post-operative mechanical ventilation is needed while undergoing surgeries with general anaesthesia. There are many postoperative and intraoperative parameters are responsible for this. This study was designed to assess the association of pre and intra operative parameters with post-operative mechanical ventilation in cases subjected to elective abdominal surgery. Materials and methods: A total 100 cases scheduled to undergo elective major or minor abdominal surgeries between age group 21-70 years were recruited. Cases were administered with general anesthesia and cases were scheduled for extubation at the end of surgery, but complicated cases were shifted to ICU for post-operative mechanical ventilator support. Peak expiratory flow rates were measured in those extubated within 24 hrs after surgery. Results: Low albumin levels, alcohol consumption, preoperative hospital stay, preoperative respiratory tract infection, COPD, bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, Sputum production, smoking were not statistically significant and pre-operative hospitalization time, Smoking, >10% weight loss, Hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular complication were significantly correlating with postoperative mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Significant parameters such as <10% weight loss, pre-operative hospitalization and smoking found to be significant parameters of requirement of post-operative mechanical ventilation by multiple logistic regressions

This study focused on the efficacy of the rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in ameliorating the incidence of youth restiveness and militancy in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. This study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. The participants of the study were thirty-five year two students from an intact two hundred level (200L) class as the experimental group and another thirty from year three hundred level students of an intact class, as the control group, from Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State of Nigeria. The treatment in the study has two levels, pre-treatment and posttreatment. Validated and reliable instrument called „Rational Emotive Inventory was used for data collection. This study has one research question and two null hypotheses to guide it. The mean, standard deviation and z-test statistics were used to analyse data in this study. The results of the study revealed a significant effect of the Rational Emotive Therapy on the experimental group, unlike the control group that received an inert treatment. From the study, the use of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy in the Universities of the Niger Delia area was recommended to work on the mindset of the student‟s restiveness and militancy in this country.