Internally Displaced persons (IDPs) camps are tents or buildings constructed or erected by the government or non- governmental organizations (NGOs) to accommodate people who have been forced to flee or leave their houses or places of habitual residence. In other words IDPS are centers that harbour those people who have been forced to abscond their abodes and places of habitation. These people who have not crossed an internationally recognized line that divide or separates the state but remain within the country’s border may be victims of inhumanity of man against man, victims of violence, confrontation, armed conflicts violations of human rights, terrorism, riots, communal clashes, religious conflict and natural and human made disasters. To avoid the effects of the above and fears of further attacks or revenge by rural groups or disputants which people have to flee or move to another safe place. In most cases, the homes or houses and places of work of these people are demolished or destroyed without any alternative thus, making them vulnerable and in dire need of assistance. In response to their plight government may construct camps to among others provide them with shelter, basic needs such as food, cloth, water, conselled them, care for them and above all assist them to overcome the emotional traumatization that are usually associated with such a nasty experience. It is against this background that this paper will illuminate the Boko Haram insurgence in Borno State, North eastern Nigeria and its role in the emergences of internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps in Maiduguri Metropolis within the context period, 2011 – 2017.

During the eighties and the beginning of the nineties, several countries experienced serious banking crises. Such proliferation of the problems of the large-scale banking sector has caused widespread concern. Indeed, banking crises undermine the functioning of the financial system and the economy in general. Most countries have tried to underpin the consequences of banking crises through various types of intervention ranging from the pursuit of accommodative monetary policy to the bailout of insolvent financial institutions with public funds. However, even when carefully designed, rescue operations have several disadvantages. The purpose of this paper is to assess the regulatory environment of banks, a decade after the Asian crisis. We will identify the factors relating to banking supervision contributing to the triggering of crises in emerging countries in the years 1990s and see if the countries have improved their regulation in 2007 and which coincided with the subprime crisis. For this, we have studied a sample of 105 developed and emerging countries over two years, 1997 and 2007.

This paper work aims at examining the strategic planning as a tool for enhancing corporate performance and analyses strategic planning tools and its implementation process. However, it has been noticed that organization are no longer seen to be focused and real. Evidence of actionable plans are no longer there in our organization as indication of appropriate strategic plan. A study was conducted into books of notable authors written on strategic planning and corporate performance and selected ideas are compiled in this paper report. Data used for analysis were collected through questionnaires and interview conducted. It was discovered that organization adopts strategic planning; it was also found that strategic planning is effective in organization policy. Finally, having discovered that strategic planning contributes to the profit of an organization and it equally has impact on the corporate performance in an organization. The paper recommends that as a result of effectiveness of strategic planning, organization should continue to adopt it and give more priority and also government should create enabling economic environment that will make strategic planning a fruitful weapon.

Introduction: Placenta is the fundamental and the only organ between the mother and the fetus. It is flattened discoid mass having circular or oval in outline. Placenta and its morphometry play an essential role in the proper growth and survival of the developing fetus. Objective: To study the correlation between placental morphometry in Low birth weight and appropriate control with its gestational age. Materials and Methods: It is a case-control study conducted in MES Medical College at Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. Newborns with normal (>2.5 Kg) and low birth weight (<2.5kg), having 35-37 wks (Preterm) also, 37-42 wks, (term) of gestational age were included. In this study, 350 placentae were collected, immediately after the delivery, wash thoroughly, cleaned, and trimmed it for the morphometric analysis like shape, weight, maternal surface area, volume, thickness. Result: In this study, placental morphometry of low birth weight babies was comparatively lower than that of the normal birth weight babies. Parameters like weight, volume, and surface area of the placenta were calculated with gestational weeks, showed a positive and significant relationship with weight at birth and gestational age. Conclusion: The examination of the placenta can be helpful for the future postnatal life and resist early adulthood diseases of the neonates.

In this work, the effects of storage period on nine mechanical properties and moisture content of stored yam (Dioscorea spp) tubers were investigated. The mechanical properties of whole intact yam tubers of three yam (Dioscorea spp) cultivars in various treatments including: four levels of storage time at 75 days interval spanning 225 days, and four levels of loading positions namely at the head, middle, tail and vertical, were presented in this study. Mechanical compression tests were performed on three different cultivars namely: Ogoja, Gbangu and Agbo-yian. The results of the study showed that the force at bio-yield point, force at peak point, force at breaking point, and energy at bio-yield point during compression test in general is significantly higher in the middle of the tuber than other locations. The value for bio-yield force range from 1059 N for Agbo-yian to 4,500 N for Gbangu. So for safe stacking of Dioscorea alata in containers and stacks 1059 N is safe while for Dioscorea rotundata 4,500 N would be adequate. Energy follows the same pattern as forces. Results obtained from this study will be helpful in the design and fabrication of yam tubers harvesting and handling machines.

Piper betle L. is an evergreen perennial dioecious creeper and it is native to Malaysia. It is commonly used in our day to day life. In present investigation an attempt has been made for the pharmacognostic standardization and phytochemical evaluation of Piper betle L. leaves. The pharmacognostic evaluation comprises of detailed morphology, powdered microscopy, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as extractive and ash values. The leaves extract were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The data obtained in present study will serve as valuable tool for identification, authentication and detection of adulterants standardization and quality control of the drug. In this research work the anthelmintic property of leaves extract of Piper betle L. belonging to family Piperaceae was studied for anthelmintic activity against Pheretima Posthuma (Indian earthworm). The leaves powder of Piper betle L. was subjected to successive extraction by maceration using solvents like Aqueous, Acetone + Aqueous and Pet. Ether. Four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100 mg / ml) of different extract of leaves were studied in a bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. 100 mg/ml conc. of Aqueous + Acetone extract of leaves of Piper betle L. reveal considerable anthelmintic activity as compared to other two concentrations and piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml). Piperazine citrate and saline water were included in the assay as standard reference drug and control, respectively.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a deficit in social communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. Various misconceptions about ASD management are rising, leading to parent's confusion and suffering and possible serious harm to ASD patients. This review aims to shed light on common misconceptions about ASD management, including the relationship between ASD and vaccines, the use of chelation therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and gluten-free diet. In conclusion, there is no evidence of a link between vaccinations and the development of ASD, as well as no evidence to support using chelation therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and a gluten-free diet, but rather there is evidence of harm. Educating parents to weigh the benefits and risks is a vital role for any health care provider.

This research is aimed to know why the tax knowledge gives negative effect to the level of tax compliance. The behavior of tax compliance may be seen by observing the understanding of the tax payers about the tax information which is manifested in the increase of tax payer compliances. The data collection is done by distributing questionnaire and the number of sample is 125 respondents. The result shows that the tax knowledge gives negative effect on the level of tax payer compliances. The significant level of the tax knowledge on the tax compliance is 0,927 dan β -0,010.

The labor service provider sector has a role in efforts to support services to customers. But on the other hand, when customers want to build or renovate a house; it is difficult to find building materials and service providers in one system. Service providers will provide expertise in building and renovating homes based on customer demand. Based on this problem, researchers built a Project Service Information System that aims to facilitate customers, service providers, and suppliers in a system called eMarket place Si Jas Pro. Expected to be able to help and open business opportunities for small building material entrepreneurs and building service providers, make it easier for customers to buy material needs and find service providers, customers know the prices and material services so they can estimate their desired needs, customers can consult with building consultants, provide work sketches and provide comments on service provider work to improve customer service.

The early loss of maxillary posterior teeth leads to maxillary sinus pneumatisation, reducing the alveolar ridge height, and thus posing challenge for implant placement. Owing to mechanical and anatomic difficulties, implant treatment in the atrophic maxilla represents a cumbersome task. The maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure is still not universally accepted because of its complexity and its unpredictability. This condition may be treated with an elevation of the maxillary sinus floor, which is usually accomplished by lateral or transcrestal approach to the antrum. As an alternative to these augmentation procedures, a more conservative treatment option would be to either place short implants or to bypass the sinus floor. This case report emphasizes on maxillary sinus by pass with tilted implants in close proximity to the sinus wall, thus, avoiding sinus floor elevation & bone grafting procedures.

Introduction: The Current 3 major LAC guidelines (BSH, ISTH & CLSI) recommends mixing tests for detection of LAC, even though these test order/ sequence vary & there are certain limitations, but still these guidelines advocates mixing test so as to maximize the diagnostic performance. The main objective of this study is to assess sensitivity of these tests in 255 LAC cases. Results: The Coagulometer used is Sysmex CS-5100. RI Cut offs ≤ 10 = Correction & ≥ 15 = Inhibitor & SNR > 1.15 indicates inhibitor. Of 255 LAC cases RI showed a sensitivity of 72% in correctly detecting LAC were as 11.7% were indeterminate & 15% were wrongly interpretated as factor deficiency. SNR showed a sensitivity of 83% in correctly detecting LAC were as 10.9% were indeterminate & 5.8% were wrongly interpretated as factor deficiency. Discussion: BSH & ISTH guidelines recommends Standardised Normalised ratio (mixing test-specific cut off) and Rosners index (ICA) for interpretation of mixing test results in detecting LAC.This study shows that SNR is more sensitive than RI for detecting LAC while interpretating Mixing test results. This study was in correlation with Moore & Kumano’s study. Conclusion: It is difficult to interpretate mixing study results in LAC patients. It is valuable to maximise mixing test interpretation as the dilution can lead to false-negative results .RI & SNR were comparatively analysed for their sensitivity to detect LAC in mixing studies & these data applied with the reagents and equipment employed, SNR was found to be more sensitive as compared to RI.

Mucoceles are common in oral cavity, but rare in pediatric patients. Diagnosis and management of mucocele is challenging. Surgical excision is an appropriate treatment modality with least recurrence and good prognosis. This is a case report of 12 year old with mucocele on the left side of the ventral surface of the tongue.

The paper explores theoretical justifications for granting patent monopolies in order to clarify the implications of existing patent doctrine and to have a theory for limitations to those patent rights.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to establish psychometric properties of the subscales self-realization and health responsibility of the health-promoting lifestyle profile II tool among Kenyan university students Design: The study design was a cross-sectional analytical, that utilized quantitative methods Setting. The study was conducted in Kakamega County, located in Western Kenya. Analysis: Data were analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis, which was conducted using robust maximum likelihood estimation. The factor model was tested for validity and construct validity. Main outcome measures: subscales self-realization and health responsibility of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Results: The items for self-realization and health responsibility had a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72 and 0.80, indicating acceptable reliability. For self-realization, the results of the Chi-square goodness of fit test were significant, χ2(27) = 251.61, p < .001, suggesting that the model did not adequately fit the data. The fit indices showed the RMSEA index was greater than .10, RMSEA = 0.20, 90% CI = [0.18, 0.22], which is indicative of a poor model fit. The CFI was less than .90, CFI = 0.52, suggesting that the model is indicative of a poor model fit. For health responsibility, the results of the Chi-square goodness of fit test were significant, χ2(20) = 272.58, p < .001, suggesting that the model did not adequately fit the data. Fit indices values showed the RMSEA index was greater than .10, RMSEA = 0.25, 90% CI = [0.22, 0.27], which is indicative of a poor model fit. The CFI was less than .90, CFI = 0.75, suggesting that the model is indicative of a poor model fit. Conclusion: In conclusion, within the limitations of this study, the results showed that confirmatory factor analysis could not well fit the items to their latent constructs.

Background: Obesity is a complex, multi-factorial, chronic condition that is associated with mortality and significant morbidity and is prevalent worldwide. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of obesity on pulmonary function abnormality in young adults in our population. Method: A cross sectional study on 140 individuals, selected randomly from general population of Rajkot city was performed. A thorough history analysis (Height, Weight, BMI), Physical examinations Spirometry were done on all individuals after explaining the procedure and taking their consent. Parameters measured by the spirometer were FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, ERV, IC, EC, VC. Result & conclusion: It was observed that lung volumes decreased with statistically significant decreased ERV (0.66±0.09 L) & FVC (3.10±0.91) as the BMI increases (30-35Kg/m2). Negative correlation was found between BMI and ERV (-0.307) at higher BMI Values.