Capsicum annum L. (sweet pepper) is a vegetable which belongs to Solanaceae family. In order to increase sustainable sweet pepper production, study was conducted on effect of natural fertilizers on its productivity under Sudano-Guinean climate of Adamawa Cameroon. Randomized complete block design with 07 treatments and 03 replications was used. Treatments that applied per plant were: compost (CBV); 20 g of vivianite (V20); 30 g of vivianite (V30); CBV and V20 mixture (CBV + V20); CBV and V30 mixture (CBV + V30); chemical fertilizer (T+) and unfertilized plants (T-). Stage of plants development; growth and yield as well as fruits physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Results showed that flowering and fruiting of treated plants by natural fertilizers (compost and vivianite) were early compared to T- and T+ plants. Fruits yield from mixture of 1 kg of compost + 20 g of vivianite was significantly (p˂0.05) higher than that from the other treatments and is 1.46 fold higher than that from T+ plants. Overall, fruits from treated plants by natural fertilizers are richer in vitamin C and mineral elements than those from T- and T+ plants. Fruits vitamin C content from amended compost plants is 1.60 fold higher than that from T+ plants. These results suggest that the quality of natural fertilizer is important not only for improving sweet pepper growth and fruits yield, but also for improving nutritional value of fruits. 1 kg of compost + 20 g of vivianite mixture is recommended to sweet pepper grower of Adamawa Cameroon.

With the advancement of economic globalization, intercultural communication has gradually become a practical need. From the perspective of intercultural communication, this article takes specific examples to analyze the embodiment of the pragmatic failures in daily life, including pragma-linguistic failure and socio-pragmatic failure. After summarizing the manifold reasons of pragmatic failures in intercultural communication, this article attribute pragmatic failures more too cultural differences. The significance of this article is to help students face the problems that appear frequently in intercultural communication, and help them effectively avoid pragmatic failures, thus greatly improving the competence of Chinese students to use English to communicate.

Probiotics offer a wide range of health benefits to the host. The present paper deals with 16S r-RNA sequence analysis of gut microbial diversity of M. rosenbergii fed with B. licheniformis (MTCC 429; NCBI-GenBank accession number, MK158065 supplemented diet (CFU, 935x10-6). The >10 kb genomic DNA yield ˷1500 pb PCR amplified products against specific 16S r-RNA primers. The aligned sequences of the gut of control prawns showed 1337 bp, 768 bp, 1334 bp, 1419 bp, 1315 bp, 1313 bp, 1466 bp and 1289 bp 16S r-RNA for Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Bacillus coagulans, Streptococcus thermophilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter koseri and Acinetobacter sp., respectively. The gut of experimental prawns showed 1350 bp, 1495 bp, 1464 bp, 1307 bp, 1446 bp, and 1347 bp 16S r-RNA for Bacillus sp., Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus iniae and Citrobacter sp., respectively. The biochemical tests confirmed that the pathogenic bacteria, like Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Acinetobacter sp., have competitively been excluded from the gut of experimental prawns due to colony establishment of B. licheniformis and produced good growth [1]. The BLAST of these sequences showed almost 100% similarities with the same species retrieved from the NCBI database. The MAS showed 460 identical amino acids residues, 79 similar amino acids residues and 308 variable amino acids sites for control prawns, and 879 identical amino acids residues, 85 similar amino acids residues and 396 variable amino acids sites for experiment prawns. These sequences have less number of AT biases and more number of GC biases. Overall, the nucleotide divergence and the phylogenetic information calculated were clearly discriminated these bacterial species. Therefore, 16S r-RNA sequencing provides accurate identification of bacterial species.

Introduction: Temporomandibular joint ankylosis is defined as a bone or fibrous adhesion of the anatomical joint and its components in the glenoid fossa, and it is accompanied by limited mouth opening, causing difficulties in chewing, speaking and oral hygiene, which may influence mandibular growth. This condition in children may or may not be associated with a disease, syndrome or trauma. Method: To review the literature on the treatment of ATM ankylosis associated with micrognathia in children with osteogenic distraction, and to report two clinical cases of children with unilateral or bilateral ankylosis with mandibular micrognathia. Methods: To present a broad research on the etiology, risk factors and complications of this condition as the options of treatments for the ankylosis of TMJ in children by Buccomaxillofacial Surgery treated with gap arthroplasty surgery without interposition of materials, with the installation of osteogenic distractors for the correction of mandibular deformities. Results: The cases presented here continue to be treated and monitored since their development is not yet complete, but the procedures performed are successful without presenting recurrences so far. Conclusions: Osteogenic distraction is one of the treatments that can treat ankylosis in children with success. However, the successful treatment of children with TMJ ankylosis with dentofacial deformities is slow and prolonged, and the earlier it is initiated, the greater the success of treatment completion, always depending on the joint work of a multidisciplinary team, as well as family support and patient collaboration.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is therefore a major public health concern. Acute exacerbations that compromise quality of life, accelerate a decline in respiratory functions, and increase cardiovascular risk during the course of COPD. Few studies have investigated the factors leading to exacerbations. Magnesium may have a role in maintaining disease stability in COPD patients. And serum uric acid has been proposed as a marker for impaired oxidative metabolism & systemic inflammation. A few data exist on the significance of serum uric acid& magnesium in patients with AECOPD. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of serum uric acid& magnesium as a biomarker for the prediction of outcome of patients with AECOPD. Study population was taken from patients admitted to K.R Hospital& PK TB Hospital MMCRI, Mysore with acute exerbation of COPD aged between 18-60years of either sex. 4ml of fasting venous sample was collected from patients admitted with acute exacerbation of COPD serum was analyzed immediately for Uric acid and Magnesium. 35% of patient had hypomagnesaemia where as 55% of study subjects where normomagnesemic with mean SD of 1.7+0.8. The mean standard deviation of uric acid levels was 7.2+ 2.1. Present study showed hypomagnesaemia and hyperuricemia with increase in duration of disease, stage of the disease and duration of hospital stay. Hence the present study helps in assessing the factors responsible for frequent exacerbations and durations of stay in hospital associated in COPD patients.

Nutraceuticals is a broad term derived from nutrition and pharmaceutical. Nutraceuticals are used as a part of food for preventing and treating many acute and chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals are divided into three main categories including herbs, nutrients and dietary supplements. The food products which are used as nutraceuticals are dietary fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, spices and some other types of types of herbs and natural foods. Probiotics are ingested for their positive advantages in the digestive tract or systemic area like in the liver, brain, vagina or blood stream. Antioxidants are essential for treatment of almost all diseases because most chronic diseases occur due to oxidative stress. Flavonoids and phytochemicals have antioxidant properties due to which it act as therapeutic agents for various diseases such as anti-cancerous.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are used for lowering the high levels of cholesterol in cardiovascular diseases and many inflammatory diseases.

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma is most common malignancy of the oral cavity occurring in 5th and 8th decades of life. Histopathological grading of the tumour is important to assess the biological behaviour of the tumour which has prognostic significance. Aim: To evaluate the prognostic significance of Broder’s and Bryne’s grading system in oral squamous cell carcinoma by comparing with histopathological prognostic factors. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 45 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma received from department of General surgery and ENT during January 2016 to June 2019. Broders and Bryne’s grading systems were compared with different prognostic factors like tumour budding, worst pattern of invasion and mitotic activity. Results: Review of 45 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma showed tongue to be common site (51.11%).Common age of occurrence was 50-70 years with male predominance (66.67%) on analysing worst pattern of invasion in both grading system Bryne’s grading showed correlation with WPOI (P value-0.00001) and tumour bud/low power field (P value 0.001). Broders grading didn’t show prognostic significance when compared to Bryne’s grading. Conclusion: TNM staging system cannot assess aggressive clinical behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Broders histopathological grading system did not have prognostic significance when compared to Brynes invasive front grading system which is multifactorial grading.

Underground wells are widely used as source of water for household needs and other purposes in rural communities. Water quality and quantity are necessary requirements for use of water for various purposes, and ground water quality problems have been created anthropogenically and have become a menace to the users. This study therefore focused on the physiochemical and microbiological quality of hand dug well waters in a rural settlement in Rivers State. Sampling points (wells) were randomly chosen from wells operational in the sampling communities of Akabuka, Obagi and Obuburu. Physicochemical parameters were analysed using standard analytical procedures and aerobic plate count (APC) as well as most probable number (MPN) techniques were used for microbiological analysis of water samples. Results revealed that pH of the sampled wells were acidic compared to the permissible range. Other physicochemical parameters were lower than the permissible ranges for drinking water quality. Sampled well waters had high load of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total coliform bacteria (TCB), and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB)/thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TtCB) far above the permissible limits for potable water. Occurrence of faecal coliform bacteria/thermotolerant coliform bacteria in all the sampled wells indicated faecal contamination, and high load of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria revealed organic contamination of the water sources.

Student learning-centered is intended for mastery of material that demands maximum student abilities through cooperative task completion that is presented in front of classmates. The presentation is being held by a direct discussion of all students guided by groups of presenters and examiners. The research was carried out through a learning process, explorative way purposed of increasing student learning activities. The technique of presenting the assignment results is a debate, that begun by arranging seats in three (3) sections. Two parts face to face and one more part is formed of letter U seats. Learning activities occur when the presenter team presents a material discussion; the examiner team and/or the moderator directly respond and do the rebuttal to review the presenter's material. The audience is invited to give questions and comments to the presenter. The specificity of students’ assignments outcomes presentation is a concern of learning process involve the whole aspects of class either the presenter or the all students.

The history of constitutional development in Nigeria reveals the tortuous road the legislators have taken to bestow a legacy of a befitting Constitution. Constitutional provisions on amendment are tedious, and sometimes, manifestly insurmountable. It therefore behoves the National Assembly to painstakingly adhere to the various provisions of the Constitution in order to fill the lacunae in the Nigeria corpus juris which has constantly plagued the country’s political, judicial and socio-economic sectors. From the colonial era, it has always been the same story of exploring different types of constitution. This “try and error” approach has never yielded any acceptable grundnorm for the Federal Government of Nigeria. The peculiar composition of Nigeria as a multilingual, multi-culture and religiously diversified country has virtually been cited as the key issue in Nigeria’s tortuous road to a satisfactory constitutional achievement. The much touted “unity in diversity” has proved to be nothing more than political slogan. With the pervasive cry for restructuring in Nigeria, and the continuous failure of successive governments to find sustainable solutions to the yearnings and cravings of the citizenry, this writer looks back at where it all went wrong. This article identifies the obvious sections of the Constitution to be amended by the National Assembly. The author commends the effort of the defunct Sixth National Assembly by its wide consultation and vigorous drive to sensitize numerous interest groups in Nigeria. The general conclusion is based on the views of constitutional experts in Nigeria and some notable judicial pronouncements. The recommendation, however, is that some identified provisions of the Constitution needs further amendment to simplify the mode of constitutional amendment in the nearest future.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between emerging forms of bullying and depression among students in Bungoma County, Kenya. The Social-Ecological Theory and Psychosocial Theory guided the study. The research population was 29,040 Form Three students. Deputy Principals and Guidance and Counseling teachers from 360 secondary schools were the study respondents. A sample size of 399 students was drawn from boys, girls and co-education schools. Form Three Students were randomly selected from the sampled schools. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design using a mixed-method approach. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected concurrently. Stratified random sampling and simple random sampling was used to sample schools and students, respectively. A pilot study was conducted on the 30 Form Three students selected from three categories of secondary schools in Bungoma County. Data was collected using a self-response questionnaire and interview schedule guide. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, namely mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to describe data. Inferential statistics such as Pearson Correlation statistics, ANOVA were used to test the significance of the stated hypothesis at the alpha level (α = 0.05). The qualitative data was thematically analyzed based on the objective and presented in a prose form. All analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings revealed that there was a positive relationship between emerging forms of bullying and depression (R2 =.304 (30.4%).

Drug and alcohol are significant problems that affect school-age adolescence at earlier age than in the past. Young people frequently start to experiment alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs during the middle school years, with a smaller number beginning during middle school years, and a smaller number starting during high school. The purpose of this study was to look into challenges faced by teachers and learners on drug and substance abuse in selected public secondary schools in Kenya. The research was based on social learning theory. The research was conducted in Nandi County schools in Kenya. Twenty four randomly selected schools out of 235 county schools were engaged in the study. A sample size of 1292 respondents was obtained using purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The participants included Deputy Principals, Counselors, and teachers teaching Life Skills subject, students and Focus Discussions Groups. Questionnaires and structured interviews were used to collect the data. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency tables and percentages. The findings of this study revealed that more than half (65%) of all respondents pointed out that there was poor implementation of drug abuse policies that hinder drug abuse decline among students in public secondary schools. More than half (54%) indicated that family challenges were pressing and most critical hindrances towards decline of drug abuse among secondary schools. Majority (85%) of the respondents, Deputy Principals, Life Skills teacher and Counselors, Focus Discussion Group reported that frustrations have made students to abuse drugs. Most respondents (85%) of the four major groups combined, Deputy Principals, Life Skill Teachers, Counselors, Focus Discussion Groups pointed out day school students was one of the critical challenge in drug abuse reduction among students in public schools.

The purpose of this study was to find out how school administrators implement ICT in human resource administration in public secondary schools in Kajiado County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was therefore suitable for this study. The design was useful in describing the characteristics of a large population and made used large samples in making the results statistically significant. The target population for this study was the 61 public secondary schools’ principals, 1220 teachers, 610 students, 25 ICT teachers, 6 Sub-county Directors of Education in the 6 Sub-counties and 1 County Director of Education in Kajiado County. The study used 30% of the accessible population as sample size. The sample size for this study was therefore 18 principals, 366 teachers, 8 ICT teachers,183 students, 2 Sub- county Directors of Education and 1 County Director of Education. This study used questionnaires, Observation schedules and interview schedule as tools for data collection. The overall implication of the findings in this study was that use and implementation of ICT in all the departments of school administration of the public schools in Kajiado County was very low. The study concluded that most of the public secondary schools in Kajiado County had not embraced ICT in various areas of administration. Based on the findings, the study recommends that proper technology should be put in place by purchasing of the required ICT facilities in schools to enhance management of schools using the current technology.

A novel impurity profiling technique for Amlodipine Besylate (ADB) and Olmesartan Medoxomil (OSM) in fixed dose combined tablets has been proposed by HPLC with Acquity Quadrupole Dalton analyser (QDa) mass detector coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detector. This online coupling technique has significant advantage over conventional HPLC techniques that mass and spectral characteristics can be evaluated simultaneously in a single run. The chromatographic separation was achieved on ACE C18 (250 x 4.6mm id, 5µ particle size) column with gradient mode using mobile phase composition of ammonium formate buffer, methanol and acetonitrile. Finalized flow rate was 1.0 mL/min with quantification of 237 nm. Moreover, identification of potential degradation product in stability condition samples was carried out by online coupling of PDA/QDa mass detection. This QDa mass spectrum reveals protonated molecular ion peak [M+H]+ at m/z 875.5 for degradation product. This major degradation product was further characterized using MS/MS2 integrated analytical tools. The method was validated systematically in terms of specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and robustness as per International conference on harmonization (ICH) general guidelines. This proposed study can provide a creative idea and effective method for routine analysis of ADB/OSM in tablet formulation in quality control department where impurity profiling as well as identification of unknown impurities can be evaluated simultaneously.

We describe the use of porous silicon fabrication technique for fabricating non-manhattan structures in silicon using wet etching. The fabrication method is simple to set up, economical and produces smooth etched surface. A solid source diffusion of N++ in a P type wafer with low stress thermally grown silicon nitride is used as a masking layer. Comparison of porous silicon etches with wafers solid source diffusion and implanted diffusion is presented. The result show that areas where a solid source diffusion is used form an etch angle of 70-80°, however using an implanted diffusion the etch angle is closer to 90°. The selectivity of the etch during porous silicon fabrication using any of the above two as masking layer results in fabrication of high aspect ratio non-manhattan structures. These structures since are wet etched do not have surface roughness and can be used for optical applications.