Customer loyalty is a key objective for organizations pursuing a relationship approach with their customers. Creating and maintaining loyalty with customers is critical for the survival of a company in a competitive environment as in the hospitality sector. The link between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty in the service sector especially in hotels seems to be unclear. Further, limited literature and studies related to customer satisfaction and customer loyalty exist in the hotel sector in Kenya, hence the need for this study. The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the effects of customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in the hotel sector in Kenya. The sample size for the study was 253 and six marketing managers who were used as key informers. The study employed purposive, stratified and systematic random sampling. Reliability was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha resulting in a value 0.924. Factor analysis was used for data reduction while simple regression was used to analyze and test the hypothesis. The findings of this study indicated that customer satisfaction (t=13.940, p<.001) significantly affected customer loyalty. It was concluded that an improvement in customer satisfaction would likely result into improved customer loyalty.

The study explored the challenges faced by the teachers of Christian Religious Studies (CRS) in the implementation of the senior secondary school curriculum for the character formation of public students in Owerri Municipal, Imo State, Nigeria. The study adopted a qualitative paradigm, specifically the collective case study design. Two research questions guided the study: What are the challenges inherent in the implementation of the CRS curriculum for the character formation of students? What are the possible solutions to these challenges? The study targeted students, teachers and principals from three public senior secondary schools. The sample size of the study was 66. That is, 54 students, 9 teachers and 3 principals. The researchers employed maximum variation sampling technique in selecting the 3 schools for the study. They used homogeneous and purposeful random sampling techniques to select 54 students, automatic inclusion sampling technique to select 3 principals, and criterion sampling technique to select 9 teachers of CRS. The researchers used interview guide and focused group discussion guide for data collection. For data analysis, they transcribed the interviews, coded the data, categorised the data, derived themes from the categories, interrelated themes from each group of participants, and interpreted the meaning of themes. The findings of the study revealed that administration, teacher and student related factors were the main challenges. These pose threat to students’ character formation. The study therefore recommended that teachers need to use discovery approaches, and use varied instructional resources in teaching. Furthermore, the school community needs to maintain a vibrant life of faith and integrity.

Background: According to Alzheimer's disease association. The prevalence of Alzheimer's patients will increase to reach 68% worldwide by 2050. More specifically according to Saudi Alzheimer's Association, the number of Alzheimer's patients was reported to be 130 thousand in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study looked at assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and level of burden among family care givers having Alzheimer patients. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional correlational survey design was used to include 150 family care givers from Geriatric Society Association located in Almontazahat District, Jeddah, K.S.A. Three validated tools were used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and burden related to Alzheimer’s disease namely: Alzheimer’s disease Knowledge Scale, The Dementia Attitudes Scale, and Burden Scale for Family Caregivers. Findings: The majority (88.6 %) of the respondents were female, their mean age was (29.2 ± 12.5), and 55.6% had Bachelor level of education. Nearly three Quarter (72.5 %) of the respondents have moderate level (16-24 out of 30) of total knowledge of Alzheimer’s scale. Surprisingly, 78.5% of the respondents had a negative attitude, and 81.9% felt burden towards their Alzheimer's patients. Unexpectedly, a negative correlation was reported between participant's knowledge and their attitude at p ≥ 0.5 while, a positive correlation was conveyed between respondents’ knowledge and family burden scale at p ≥ 0.5. Conclusion and implications: It’s concluded that, the level of knowledge among study participants’ was moderate while their attitude was negative and felt burden toward having Alzheimer's patients. Therefore, it's recommended to conduct psychosocial interventions to improve family caregiver attitudes and reduce their burden toward their beloved Alzheimer’ patients. Comprehensive management of the Alzheimer patients includes building a partnership between health professionals and family caregivers, referral to Alzheimer's Associations, and psychosocial interventions where indicated.

Traditionnal herbal drugs have recently been receiving all over the world. The forest region of Gondia district is harbours plenty of medicinal plants along with other flora and fauna. The ethnic communities mostly depend upon herbal medicines for healing their ailments. The study was done through structural questionnaires in consultation with the tribal practitioners. Herbs and spices have been used in maintaining and enhancing human beauty since time immemorial. Indian women have long used herbs for skin care and natural oils to perfume their bodies. Not too long ago, elaborate herbal beauty treatments were carried out in the royal places of India to heighten sensual appeal and maintain general hygiene.

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. Autism’s estimated prevalence among children was about a 15% percent increase in incidence .Positive teacher attitudes are a vital indicator of the successful education of autistic children. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and opinions of elementary school teachers toward integrating autistic children in their regular classrooms. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional correlational survey research design was used to include 79 elementary school teachers recruited conveniently from two schools located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Two reliable and valid tools were used including autism knowledge and opinion scale in addition to behavioral strategies used by the teachers when they are handling autistic children. Findings: The mean age of respondents were 29.2 years, 86.1% having a bachelor's degree, and only 41.8% having training and experience with ASD. Most respondents 82, 3% had poor knowledge, compared with only 2.5% had good knowledge. Only 40.5% had positive opinions about ASD integration. Additionally, there is no significant association between the demographic background of the respondents, their knowledge and opinions except for their teaching experiences at P≥0.05. Conclusion: The present study concluded and highlighted the inadequate knowledge level of ASD and unfavorable opinions of teachers toward integrating autistic children due to lack of training and attending workshops to improve their qualifications. Therefore, more efforts are required to further enhance the understanding of autism among all teachers who handling those students who are urgently needed.

The current study aims to research, systemize and analyze the qualitative characteristics of pharmacovigilance referral procedures which took place in the EU for two years period 2017-2018. For the purpose of the study PRAC decisions and minutes for all procedures which started and completed within 2017-2018 were extracted and systemized. The systemization was made based on several criteria including legal basis of procedure, scope, proposed risk-minimization measures. The results from the study showed that the PRAC’s recommendations are most frequently focused on narrowing patient population and therapeutic indications and enhancing safety monitoring during medicines’ use. National competent authorities play major role both as initiators of referrals and national safety monitors. The conducted analysis shows that conducting PRAC safety referral procedure is a complex and dynamic process where real-life clinical data is valuable source of information. The suggested risk-minimization steps are mainly focused on enforcement of measures already existing in the risk-management plan of the products. They also require a constant follow-up monitoring for efficacy. National competent authorities are leading participants in organizing the work and composing the agenda of the committee.

The legislators augmented the provision of section (22-A), in Criminal Procedure Code in order to provide the alternate platform to the man in the street against the highhandedness of police officials. The powers vested with the Justice of Peace aims to cross check the act of the station house officer whether he has acted legally or illegally under section 154, of criminal procedure code. The situation further aggravated when it becomes the establish practice of every Tom, Dick, and Harry to seek remedy under the shadow of the office of justice of peace. The mechanism outlined in the police order 2002, for the redressal of grievances has been failed. Without putting into operation the departmental hierarchy of police, the powers of Justice of Peace pushed the layman on the horns of a dilemma. The Supreme Court has broken the ice and advanced the line of action in order to address the procedure for the registration of complaints and investigations within the parameters of police order 2002 and ultimately cut this gordian knot. The present study was focus on the analysis of adverse effects of the powers of Justice of Peace on the criminal justice system by explaining the puzzling fact that why Bar councils boycott the turning initiative decided by the Pakistani supreme court in the form of precedent. The nature of administrative power possesses by two offices simultaneously and its adverse effects on the functioning of the criminal justice system. The parliament should play its pivotal role to embrace the proposed reforms from judiciary and national judicial institutions with the high head. A dedicated political will is required to bring new major reforms in order to meet emerging challenges in the criminal justice system instead of to left the room empty for judicature to weather the storm. Some recommendations after analyzing its long-lasting effects on the criminal justice system are also proposed.

The mucocele is one of the common benign salivary gland disorders that occur in the oral cavity due to mucous accumulation and results in alteration of minor salivary glands. Lower lip is the most common site of the extravasation mucocele and is caused due to trauma or a habit of lip biting, while retention mucoceles can be found at any other site. Mucoceles most probably affect young patients but can affect all the age groups. Diagnosis is mostly based on clinical findings. Mucocele may have a soft consistency, bluish, and transparent cystic swelling. The treatment of choice is surgical removal.

Snakebite envenomation occurs due to subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of venom into a victim resulting in complicated pharmacological effects that depend on the combined and synergistic action of toxic and non-toxic components. Hence, this research was aimed at evaluating the hepato-protective effect of Azadirachta indica leaf fractionated extracts against snake venom toxicity in albino rats. A. indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using 95% methanol followed by fractionation using hexane and ethylacetate. Albino rats of both sexes were randomly divided into five (5) groups of six (6) rats each (3 males and 3 females). Group 1 received 1% aqueous solution of Tween-80 orally. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of the venom, but 3 and 4 were treated with 100 mg/kg b.w. of hexane fraction and ethylacetate fraction respectively. Group 5 received 0.2 mg/kg b.w. of the venom and treated with standard conventional antivenin. The hexane and the ethylacetate fractions significantly provided protection on the liver probably via inactivation of the venom cytotoxins leading to the hepatic protection. Among the two (2) fractions administered to the envenomed rats, only hexane fraction was able to significantly (P<0.05) reduce the activity of serum LDH compared to the venom control group. None of the fractions or the standard antivenin reduced the serum AST, but the levels of total and direct bilirubin were significantly (P<0.05) lowered in the envenomed rat compared to the venom control group. In contrast, the standard antivenin significantly increased the serum TP. This research has provided a scientific proof on the antivenom properties of A. indica leaf, and the plant extracts tested can be used for the detoxification of the snake venom toxicity.

The challenge faced by Islamic higher education in the global era at this time is to improve the quality and competitiveness of higher education so that it is sought after by the education user community. The quality and competitiveness of higher education must be promoted and marketed to the wider community so that it can be known and sought after by the education user community. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of experiential marketing factors on the competitiveness of Islamic higher education in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative research design with a survey technique of teaching staff. The survey was conducted on 200 educational staff of Islamic higher educations in East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SEM AMOS. Hypothesis test results indicate that there is no effect between factor sense and feel marketing on the competitiveness of Islamic Higher Education in Indonesia and there is a significant effect between think, act, and relate marketing factors on the competitiveness of Islamic higher education in Indonesia. The better in implementing think, act, and related marketing can improve the competitiveness of Islamic Universities. These variable conditions need to be improved in implementing experiential marketing education so that universities are increasingly in demand by stakeholders.

This study aims to examine the effect of Stakeholder Pressure, Corporate Governance, and Profitability on Carbon Emission Disclosure. The population in this study are manufacturing and mining companies for the period 2013-2017 which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample in this study was 41 companies that met the criteria. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study for sampling. To test the hypothesis using multiple linear regression. In line with the theory of legitimacy, stakeholder theory, and agency theory the results of this study found that Corporate Governance and Profitability have a positive effect on Carbon Emission Disclosure.

With the development of globalization, cross-cultural communication has become more and more important. Under different cultural backgrounds, interpersonal relationships vary greatly. The differences in interpersonal relationship have an important influence on the communication between Chinese and American people. Exploring the differences of interpersonal relationship between Chinese and Americans is of great significance for guiding people to better cross-cultural communication. By the comparative analysis of the interpersonal relationship between Chinese and Americans from three aspects: family relationship, friendship and teacher-student relationship, this paper explores the specific manifestation of differences and the causes behind them, and further puts forward reasonable solutions to the promotion of the cross-cultural communication between the two peoples.

This study aims to analyze the performance of Village Fund Management in the Uut Murung District, Murung Raya Regency. In this study, researchers focused on the performance of village officials. The research uses a qualitative approach, with methods descriptive. Performed three data collection techniques, namely; observations, interviews, and documentation. The analysis used Miles and interactive modelsHuberman, among others; data reduction, data presentation, withdrawal conclusion, and data verification. Research result describes; five dimensions examined, 4 (four) dimensions did not function properly such as the dimensions of responsibility, service quality, productivity, and accountability while the dimensions responsiveness works pretty well. Based on these findings it is recommended improvements such as training or courses for village officials and the provision of media as a tool to account for the management of village funds so performance Uut Murung Subdistrict government, Murung Raya Regency is expected to be more optimal than before.

This study focuses attention on the application of the principle of accountability in the management of the Village Fund. The purpose of this study was to determine the accountability of the management of the Village Fund in Bincau Muara Village in the Martapura District, Banjar Regency. The approach used in this study refers to a descriptive approach using a value for money data analysis tool that is by measuring the economic level, efficiency, and effectiveness. Data collection methods used in this study are documentation and verification of documents to related parties. The results showed that the accountability of Village Fund management from 2015 to 2018 in Bincau Muara Village, Martapura District, Banjar District was based on evaluating value for money in economic valuation aspects, namely, in 2016, it was recorded to be very economical while in 2015, 2017 and 2018 it was recorded to be quite economical. Then based on the aspect of efficient assessment the results obtained are that 2016 recorded quite efficient while in 2015-2017 and 2018 recorded very efficient. Furthermore, in the aspect of effectiveness assessment, the results obtained are that in 2015 recorded ineffective which then decreased in 2016 to become ineffective and in 2017 increased to be quite effective which then declined again in 2018 to become less effective. 2017 and 2018 are quite economical.

The study aims to determine the function of the Village Consultative Body in Dirung Lingkin Village, Murung Raya Regency, and to find out the factors that influence the role and function of the Village Consultative Body in the implementation of development. This research lasted approximately 3 months and is located in Dirung Lingkin Village, Bulukumba Regency. This type of research is a type of descriptive research that is for exploration and clarification of a phenomenon or social reality using data collection techniques conducted using interviews, document studies, literature studies, and observations. The results showed the role and function of the BPD in development in Dirung Lingkin Village, Murung Raya Regency, namely discussing and agreeing on a village regulation draft with the village head, accommodate and channel the aspirations of the community, as well as supervise the performance of village heads, related to the function of BPD regarding supervision. Besides, factors that influence the function of the Village Consultative Body in the implementation of development consist of supporting factors namely the level of BPD education in the recruitment or selection system of BPD members, the community, the pattern of cooperative relations with the village government, as well as the socio-cultural factors while the inhibiting factor is the participation of members of the meeting. Still lacking and facilities or the Secretariat of the BPD that does not yet exist for an office in Dirung Lingkin Village.