This paper examines obstacles to the existing laws and legislation for the protection of the Rights of Women against Domestic Violence in Nigeria. Domestic violence covers various aspects of violence and harassment to which women are subjected to in Nigeria. Challenges and impediments to the enforcement and implementation of instruments that provides against domestic violence on women is the focus of this paper. It found that the lack of institutional bodies to monitor and regulate the enforcement of extant laws in this regard coupled with socio-cultural norms and traditional values together impede their implementation. In addition, factors such as culture, illiteracy, economic, legal and political, have been identified as fundamentally affecting the efficacy of laws bothering on the rights of women. The paper recommends that existing laws such as the Violence against Persons (Prohibition) and Other Related Matters Act, 2015 which is a federal legislation and other laws that are against traditional practices like domestic violence against women should be reviewed in line with international standards. In addition, there should be in place a body to monitor the implementation of these laws.

Not a few governments of the countries in the Middle East have had their share of woes from pro-democracy movements, commonly known as the Arab Spring – a short hand for series of uprisings that has toppled long-held political regimes. While some of them were peaceful and civil in countries like Tunisia and Egypt, the story is not the same in the case of Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, et cetera. This paper assesses the decade long civil war in Syria and its effect on civilian victims especially the vulnerable groups amongst them. From civil protests and demonstrations; to political concessions by government (which were bluffed); and the eventual clamp down on protesters by the regime. As is common to such protests in other Arab nations, the violent military response by the Assad regime radically militarized the hitherto peaceful protesters with the sad consequence of a full blown civil war in 2011. As yet, there is no committed peace effort either at the international or regional levels. Foreign involvements in the Syrian war have fundamentally changed its dynamics. It has sharply perforated the loose bond that had existed and shred Syria along ethnic, religious and sectarian lines with each engaged in a war of attrition for survival using their different armed militias. At the receiving end are civilians whose life-support facilities are directly targeted and destroyed; are being sexually assaulted; abducted and killed and in dire humanitarian situation as a result of mass displacements.

Camellia sinensis (Lipton tea) contains polyphenols responsible for antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Citrus aurauntifolia is one of the major fruit trees that grows throughout the world and is known for its refreshing juice and health benefits. Some attributes of Citrus aurauntifolia (Lime) include pharmacological properties such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Lime contains phytochemicals such as flavonoids, pectins, vitamin C and vitamin E. The study was aimed at determining the effects of the decoction of lime and lipton tea on plasma glucose concentration and weight of normal albino rats. Twenty four (24) female albino normal rats of average body weight of 150g were randomly placed into two (2) groups of twelve rats each. The plasma glucose concentration was determined by spectrophotometry. The result showed that the plasma glucose decreased significantly (p<0.05) in test group compared to the controls. The rats in the test group experienced some weight loss compared to the control group with no statistical significance (p<0.05). The histological report showed that the decoction of lime and lipton tea, affected the liver, kidney adversely but had no effect on the heart after two weeks of administration. The decoction of lime and lipton tea in moderate dosage can be clinically significant in the reduction of high plasma glucose levels, hence may be beneficial in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Zinc as one of the heavy metals that influence of the growth of the plant. Its deficiency in plants leads to abnormal growth of roots cells that ultimately inhibited the RNA and proteins synthesis. Sunflower has gains much important in agricultural pint of view due to its morphological characteristics. High and low concentrations of the zinc have been evaluated on the different parameters of sunflower. Water in the concentrations of 25 ml were applied carefully to the each pots and crops were harvested for evaluation of microbiological and morphological parameters such as for number of leaves of sunflower hybrids, root dry weight of sunflower, shoot dry weight of sunflower, chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids. In relation to biochemical attributes chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were reduced while a subsequent elevation was observed in carotenoid. Maximum reduction of growth, biochemical and physiological parameters was noted at 40mM concentration of zinc. Zinc toxicity involves in inhibition of cytoplasmic enzymes and damage to cell structures due to oxidative stress. It alters the catalytic function of enzymes which damage the cellular membranes and inhibit root growth. Zinc stress cause maximum effect on hybrid FH674 as compared to other hybrid FH687.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast (NEBC) represent a rare subtype of breast cancer, accounting for 2-5%. They generally present a more aggressive clinical form with a strong tendency to local and distant recurrence compared to other types of invasive breast carcinoma and they do not present specific clinical or radiological characteristics. We report the case study of a 58 years old female patient with primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast.

Relationship management is seen as key to organizational productivity; as such this study was designed to explore the link between relationship management and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The elements of employee relationship management under study were trust, communication, commitment, conflict management and teamwork. Data for this study were collected from 217 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, partial correlation and multiple linear regressions. Results of analysis support both hypotheses of the study. Based on the results, it is concluded that good employee relationship management brings about increased employee performance of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in organisations. Consequently, it is recommended, among other things, that managers should strive to build good relationships with employees and manage same properly to reap the benefits thereof.

Forensic science is an application of scientific knowledge and methodology to criminal investigation and legal problems. Forensic dentistry is the branch which comes under this forensic science that deals with proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence that is presented in interest of justice. Here the dental knowledge is applied to criminal and civil laws. A prosthodontist play a major role in fabrication of prosthesis as identification tool for requirement of medico-legal investigation. This article describes about labelling a denture using Aadhaar card barcode and unique identification number which will be useful for investigation.

As a communication activity and featuring both cross-language and cross-cultural characteristic, translation transforms the meaning of one language into another. When it comes to translating, it is inevitable to compare features in two different languages. And the research purpose is to find the proper means to translate the culture-loaded words.

Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease unlike other cancers. HPV infections have a long incubation period to cause cervical cancer. Other risk factors like early age of conception, illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, use of OCPs for a long period of time, low folate level, high parity and smoking predisposes to cervical cancer. Materials and Method: Present study aimed to identify the risk factors responsible for HPV infections and its association with development of cervical carcinoma in women of age group 20 to 65 years with history of white discharge, blood-stained discharge; heavy menstrual flow, intermenstrual spotting, and postcoital bleeding attending Gynaecology OPD samples of cervical scrapping, Pap smear, Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Visual Inspection with Lugols Iodine (VILI) was taken for detection for high-risk groups for cervical cancer and its association with different risk factors. Results: HPV infection prevalence in our study was 20% among total of 100 patients. PCR positivity was highest among the age group 30-39 years. HPV infection was highest among the age group 19-20 years. Multiparous women having 3 or more children had shown high positivity for HPV- DNA. Illiterate women and women with only up to primary education had shown the highest HPV infection and it was 18 %. Nonvegetarian women had highest HPV infection. Major symptom of the PCR positive cases was white discharge. PCR for HPV-DNA was 100% positive in women who had cervical growth. Conclusion: Our study shows the importance of Pap smear and HPV-DNA testing of women in our country where prevalence and risk factors are extremely high. It can identify and help in preventing or treating the condition at exceedingly early stage.

The process itself of staging of the disease during pregnancy and the treatment should comply with current standards, to the extent possible. Surgery and/or chemotherapy are considered to be fundamental methods of treatment for invasive cervical cancer during pregnancy. Tactics in the treatment of such patients is determined by a range of factors and depends on gestational age at the time of diagnosis, the stage of the disease, tumor size, as well as on the involvement of regional lymph nodes and the woman’s desire to continue pregnancy. Case Description: A 32 year-old patient, grand multipara, admitted for spontaneous metrorrhagia of low abundance during a 7 month pregnancy (date of last menstrual period is inaccurate) for which she consulted in the private sector where she underwent a gynecological examination that showed a tumoral process of the cervix, and then a biopsy that revealed a cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was then referred to our departement for further care; we decided to perform a C-section at 34 weeks of ammenorrhea, giving birth to a male infant with a birth weight of 2300g, and then a CRC. Conclusion: The incidence of cervical cancer in pregnancy is itself not very high, and the symptoms are easily confused with other diseases in pregnancy. During pregnancy, gynecological examination is limited, and therefore, the rate of misdiagnosis is higher. The treatment of cervical cancer during pregnancy is related to many factors, such as tumor size, pathological type, period of gestation, lymph node involvement, and patients' willingness to maintain pregnancy.

Introduction: The p16 gene is a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 9p21, that is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and is essential in regulating the cell cycle. In human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, the HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 can inactivate pRB and thus lead to p16 overexpression. Materials and Methods: This is prospective and descriptive study conducted in the Department of Pathology, IMS, BHU and HIMS over a period of 1 year from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2016. Archival, formalin fixed tumour specimens from patients were retrieved from the department of pathology for immunohistochemical staining by means of an anti-p16 monoclonal antibody. In total, there were 90 patients. We evaluated p16 expression for its clinicopathological significance. Result: HPV types and status in correlation with clinical parameters and expression of p16. Eighty five out of 90 patients with primary carcinoma of the vagina (PCV) could be evaluated for HPV status. 26 were positive for high-risk HPV and 59 were HPV negative. The majority (17 out of 26, 65%) of HPV-positive patients were positive for HPV16. The others were positive for HPV45 (4 patients, 16.6%), HPV18 (2 patient, 8.3%), HPV35 (1 patient), HPV56 (1 patient), and HPV68 (1 patient). Human papillomavirus positivity was significantly correlated with strong p16 expression (p= 0.045). In all, 7 out of the 59 HPV-negative patients were negative for p16 immunostaining, while the remaining 83% showed varying expression: 39 out of 59 (60.9%) showed moderate or strong p16 expression. Conclusion: The vast majority of HPV positive vaginal cancers showed p16 overexpression, suggesting active involvement of HPV in the malignant transformation process. More in-depth studies are needed to understand the molecular carcinogenesis pathway in these p16-negative tumors and to improve outcomes for this population.

Thyroid lesions are a common encounter in clinical practice. Standardisation in the reporting of these cases in radiology and cytology is a recent advance. TIRADS system is the standard in the reporting of radiology and Bethesda system (TBSRTC) has been used as the benchmark in cytology. We have undertaken this study with the aim of studying the patterns of thyroid lesions in cytology and compare the same with reporting system in radiology (TIRADS). All the cases coming to the Departments of Endocrinology & Surgery were included and we have 47 cases with a female predominance, 43.7 years was was the mean age of presentation with female predominance, only 2 cases were seen in males. Benign lesions (80%) was predominant over the malignant cases (10%). Most of the cases come under category II in the TBSRTC system in cytology which includes nodular colloid goiter, adenomatous goiter & thyroiditis. Taking the TIRADS system into consideration, most of the cases were included under category 3(probably benign) with the malignancy rate as low as 5%.Maximum concordance was seen between TIRADS 3 and TBSRTC IIresults. Thus our results were in par with other similar studies. Fine needle aspiration can thus be performed only in cases which belong to TIRADS IV or V and thus avoid unnecesary aspirations.

Thyroid diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presents typically as a rapidly growing neck mass that is sometimes accompanied by respiratory compression symptoms. It is more predominant in women and has a peak onset age of 50 to 70 years [1]. DLBCL should be treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy after diagnosis through biopsy, and extensive surgery should be avoided. Here we describe a rare case of 63-year-old woman who was admitted in our ENT department due to rapidly growing (2 months), painful thyroid enlargement with compressive cervical symptoms.

This study aims to determine the integrity of the financial statements of plantation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2020. This study began to observe information on cases of disclosure of corporate financial statements that are published and do not meet the characteristics of accounting standards in several business sectors which are thought to be influenced by various factors such as managerial ownership, profitability ratios, and company size. This study used quantitative methods with multiple regression analysis through statistical data analysis software SPSS. The data used is secondary data which is collected through literature review and downloading the issuer's financial statements via IDX.co.id. This study found a negative effect of managerial ownership and firm size on the integrity of financial statements, while the effect of profitability was not found. This finding explains the function of managers as agents and at the same time as a principle of providing great opportunities for managers in making policies that benefit themselves so that the integrity of financial reports is low, as well as the fact that the level of company prosperity encourages management to take policies that have an impact on low financial statement’s integrity.

This report validates the anti-hyperlipidemic property of Pleurotus tuber reguim an edible mushroom widely used for weight loss among other ailments, using Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. The lipophilic chloroform (CHE) and hydrophilic 70 % aqueous ethanol (AQE) extracts were obtained by successive cold maceration in increasing order of solvent polarity. Anti-hyperlipidemic activities of the extracts at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, was evaluated using Triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Artovastatin was used as the standard drug. Compared to the hyperlipidemic untreated control group, there was a significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in the plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and increase in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) after 7 days treatment with the extracts. The trend in the ameliorative activities of the extracts and atovastatin were in the following rank order: atovastatin (43.5%)>CHE-200mg/kgbw (41.4%)>CHE-100mg/kgbw(38.4%>AQE-200 mg/kgbw (35.9%)>AQE-100 mg/kgbw (27.6%) for TC; atovastatin (73.5%)>CHE-200mg/kgbw (68.0%)>CHE-100mg/kgbw(64.5%>AQE-200 mg/kgbw (62.3%)>AQE-100 mg/kgbw (62.2%) for TG; CHE-200mg/kgbw (114.4 %)> AQE-200mg/kgbw(87.3%) >atovastatin (68.7%)>CHE-100mg/kgbw (38.5%)>AQE-100mg/kgbw(8.8%) for HDL; atovastatin (73.5%)>CHE-200mg/kgbw (68.0%)>CHE-100mg/kgbw(64.5%>AQE-200 mg/kgbw (62.3%)>AQE-100 mg/kgbw (62.2%) for VLDL; and CHE-200mg/kgbw (78.5%) > atovastatin (66.8%)>AQE-200mg/kgbw (63.5%)>AQE-100mg/kgbw(26.8%) for LDL. Triterpenoids (phytosteroids), fatty acids, and cardenolides are present in the CHE while, amino acids, saponins and carbohydrate were present in the AQE as metabolites with alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent. P tuber reguim possesses anti-hyperlipidemic effects which could be due to the phyto-constituents present thus justifying its traditional use for weight loss.