Urena lobata commonly known as Congo jute or hibiscus burr is a shrub belonging to the family Malvaceae widely distributed throughout India. The plant is utilized by the traditional healers for various ailments such as arthritis, diabetes, cough and malaria. In the present study, phytochemical constituents and antioxidant property of Urena lobata was studies in both normal extract and silver nanoparticle form. The antioxidant property of leaf of the plant was also evaluated. We have reported alkaloid, saponin, steroid, terpenoid, tannin, flavonoid and carbohydrate and significant antioxidant activity by DPPH method from this plant. For the first time, silver nanoparticle was successfully synthesized using Urena lobata leaf extract in the current investigation and characterized by UV–VIS spectrophotometer and the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak was identified to be ⁓424 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to ascertain the crystalline nature and purity of the silver nanoparticles which implied the presence of 111, 002, 022, 113, and 222 lattice planes of the cubic structure of metallic silver and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine specific functional groups in silver nanoparticles and the capping agents present in the leaf extract.

An eruption of pneumonia in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has now been gritty to be caused by a novel corona virus. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-virus (SARS-CoV) named is allotted for this novel threads. The disease has spread more than 185 countries and regions, with more than 2.05 million confirmed cases and more than 1, 34,354 deaths as of April 16, 2020. The pandemic is enduring to spread inspite of worldwide efforts. The SS-RNA virus from the enveloped corona virus family caused SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) which is life threatening viral infection. Ayurveda has "effort towards enhancing the immunity against host of infections. The world has been relying on the Ayurvedic system of medicine from past era. As the field of alternative medicine expands enormous fame in the wake of COVID-19, the antique practice of Ayurveda with India as its land of origin can put on the role of calm yet prevailing armed forces in the fight against the corona virus. The present review spotlight on the various Ayurvedic principle with reference to the herbs as well herbo-mineral aliments which boost our immunity and taken as nutraceutical to prevent against SARS.

The purpose of this paper was to predict the factors that influence the adoption of Social Media Apps (SMA) among Indoneisan SMEs to promote and market their business using UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology theory) approach. These factors include performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. To fulfill these aims, a quantitative research was adopted. Data were taken using a questionnaire from total of 162 respondents, namely the owner or manager of SMEs. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling. Then, the data was tested using Partial Least Square. The findings of this study revealed that the model was able to explain 61% of the variance in behavioral intention. Result showed that the variables such as performance expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions had positive and significant effect on behavioral intention to adopt social media apps. On the other hand, effort expectancy had no significant effect on behavioral intention. Based on results, theoretical and practical implications are provided for scholars, SMEs’ owner and manager.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between nutrition and sunlight exposure on BMD levels in different age group between 30 to 75 years old subjects and to assess the relationship between age, sex and BMD in general population. Design: An observational cross sectional study of randomly selected in kanchipuram district aged from 30–75 years. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the department of biochemistry, Meenakshi Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Kanchipuram .Under this cross-sectional comparative study. 80 subjects of both sexes were subjected to the study. And subjects are divided into group 1(Age Group between 30-45), group 2 (Age Group between 46-60), and group 3 (Age Group between 61-75). Nutrition status and exposure to sunlight was collected by questionaries. Results: 80 adults between 30 to 75 years of both sexes were subjected to this study. People in the age group of 30-45 years were found to be more osteopenic particularly very high in females (males -0.97±1.2 and females -1.3±1.45) and people in the age group 61 to 75 years, were found to be osteoporotic (males -1.43±1.3 and females -2.08±0.95). Based on nutrition, 15 people of both sexes were selected who are vegetarian (-0.96 ± 0.6), 22 people were selected who take non-veg three times in a week (1.29 ± 0.92), and 28 people were selected who take non veg more than 3 times in a week (1.3 ± 0.77) and 15 people were selected who take both veg and non-veg in a week (1.38 ± 0.77). The results indicate that vegetarian taking people were got low BMD levels when compared to other groups. BMD level significantly increased in people exposed to sunlight for more than 10 minutes when compared to less exposed to sunlight. Conclusion: This study confirms that people of younger age group (30-45 years) are found to be more osteopenic when compared to the older age group (46-60 years) due to of less exposure in sunlight and low intake of vitamin D and calcium diets. Highlight of this study is “Osteopenia is more prevalent in the younger age group which necessitates earlier intervention”

Baduy tribe is a tribe that lives isolated from the outside world. They live simply blending with nature. Baduy community on structure was divided into two major groups, such as Baduy Dalam and Baduy Luar community. Baduy Dalam has an area of 1,975 hectares with population up to June 2009 was 1,083 people who spread over three villages, while Baduy Luar area covers 3,127 hectares with total population of 10,089 people, consisting of 55 villages. Administratively, the Baduy government is in Banten Province, Indonesia. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS), tourist visits to Baduy have increased significantly, though they should be borne by strict customary rules that make some tourists uncomfortable. According to those phenomena occurs and the research results towards influencing variables, the authors were interested in carried out the research to find out if destination awareness, image and experience have impact on travel decision to tourist destinations Baduy. The method used was conclusive research design with causal research to examined those hypothesis and link This research were concluded that destination awareness and destination experience has a negative and significant impact on travel decisions while destination image has a positive and significant impact on travel decisions. The author hopes that further research could re-examine those variables studied but in different cultural tourism destinations or re-test the variables that influence travel decisions that have not been tested in this research.

Chlorpyrifos exposure may lead to acute toxicity at higher dose persistent health effects follow acute poisoning or from long term exposure to low dose, and developmental effects appear in fetuses and children even at very small dose. The aims and objective of this review article is to study the toxicity and biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos on different body organs of Male Sprague Dawely Rats. The danger of using chlorpyrifos persists either it is used in high amount or in low amount so it must be used when it is needed most. The administration of chlorpyrifos to rats induced testicular and cardiac toxicities significant decrease in serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels as well as the significant increase in CK-MB, LDH and AST activities. In liver and kidney tissues, dimension of glutathione and the action of superoxide dismutase and catalase chemicals altogether diminished by chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos and lead acetate prompted change in serum and lipid outlines and observe oxidative pressure. Biochemical investigation demonstrated that organizations of the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin obviously cause liver harm. Also sertoli cells and decrease in number of sperm count as the main factor for chlorpyrifos. These changes more obvious in rats: treated with higher dose of chlorpyrifos. So it is concluded that chlorpyrifos leads to such changes in living organisms included the rats as well as in humans.

The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ views regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE context. A concurrent mixed method design was utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 122 parents who live in the UAE. Primary data was collected with a questionnaire which was developed by the researcher based on a literature review. Results indicated consistency between the quantitative and qualitative findings. Parents’ satisfaction of online learning in the UAE context was equally divided between being satisfied, not satisfied, and neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. Parents’ suggestions to improve online learning were revealed. The need for more interactive live sessions between teachers and students and more communication between the schools and parents were the parents’ most repeated suggestions for better online learning quality and experience. The findings of this study can be used by educational policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the online learning experience in the UAE context.

The COVID-19 epidemic has already exerted a wide effect on the global level and the rapid growth of infected cases resulted in an overwhelmed health care providing systems. Many countries that have already peaked and flattened the infection curve reached now the minimum infection rate and minimal or zero reporting of new cases. As a consequence, many countries are reducing their precautionary measures which might lead to the emerging of a second incidence wave of SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, direct antiviral combination therapy as Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir showed sufficient efficacy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with an acceptable safety profile showing a minimum side effect and well tolerated upon administration during the treatment time course as well. Besides, according to published studies and collected data, this combination recorded a minimal drug interactions with the other therapeutic agents used for the management of co-morbid conditions with COVID-19. Finally, the reported results of performed studies showed a superior time to clinical recovery from COVID-19 for Sofosbuvir / Daclatasvir regmin over that of Lopinavir/ritonavir, and thus, the proposal of involving Ledpasvir/Sofosbuvir combination as a better treatment option than other direct antiviral agents in the management of COVID-19 for the second wave.

Bridelia retusa commonly known as Khaja or Kasai in India, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, is a tropical small-sized tree found throughout warmer parts of India. Entire parts of Bridelia retusa has been traditionally used for healing of several ailments such as rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, removal of urinary concretions, and the bark of the plant is used by tribal people to develop sterility as a contraceptive. The present investigation was planned to evaluate and explore potential bioactive phytocompounds in the bark, fruit, and leaf extract of Bridelia retusa using phytochemical profiling and an infra-red spectrophotometer. The phytochemical evaluation of bark, fruit, and leaf extracts of Bridelia retusa revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in extracts. All seven phytocompounds were found in both aqueous leaf and methanolic bark extracts. Alkaloid was detected in all except for ethyl acetate extract. Cardiac glycosides were found in extracts of aqueous and petroleum ether. Steroid and terpenoids were detected from all aqueous and methanol extracts whereas saponin was found in all aqueous extracts. FTIR spectrophotometric analysis exhibited the presence of primary & secondary alcohols, alkenes, aldehyde, primary & secondary amines, aliphatic bromo compounds, aliphatic ether, aromatic amines, acid halides, ester, halo compounds, vinyl ether, and aromatic compounds. The presence of these phytocompounds suggests better possibilities for the plant as a source of significant phytomedicines in pharmaceutical industries and research institutes for the discovery of lead compounds for a competent drug.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine Sulphate, is an antimalarial drug used in treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, and other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, and tried as a prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. It is one of the important choices in COVID-19 management, as shown by about 80% improvement in pneumonia, and prevention of further disease progression to severe conditions upon following Hydroxychloroquine therapeutic regimen. Aim: The aim of this work was to develop an economical, precise, accurate and specific analytical method for quantitative estimation of Hydroxychloroquine sulphate in pharmaceutical product for the purpose of using it as a quality control tool for testing Hydroxychloroquine sulphate products pre-market and post-market distribution. Insuring the presence of labelled drug amount in the dosage from. Methods: Determination of HQC in commercial pharmaceutical formulations dispensed in hospitals and community pharmacies and administered by patients, by in house development of a validated, selective and sensitive High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test method, where, the procedure used is in accordance with published literature data, pharmacopeia, and international guidelines. Results: The method is specific and selective, and showed linearity R2>0.999 within concentration range of 25-300 µg/mL, accuracy results within the range of 98% - 102%, precision CV% less than 2%. The assayed tablets mean recovery are 99.045%. Moreover, dissolution results are fulfilling the required limit of 70% percent dissolution within 60 minutes. Conclusion: The in-house developed analytical method is easy, and cost effective for use in quantification of HQC.

Cytological examination of body fluids enables us to examine and differentiate between inflammatory, benign and malignant effusions. Cell block (CB) technique is method of cytological examination of serous fluids besides conventional smear (CS) technique. The aim of this study was to compare the role of cell block technique over the conventional smear technique in the cytological diagnosis of serous fluids. This was a prospective study done at our medical college and tertiary care hospital between 2017 to 2020. A total of 114 patients were included in the study that underwent paracentesis for effusion cytology. Equal quantities of pleural and peritoneal fluid received and prepared into CS and CB for examination. Cellularity, architecture patterns, morphological features and yield for malignancy were compared, using the two methods. 71 were pleural fluid and 43 were peritoneal fluids. CS and CB comparison for cellularity showed statistically significant (p<0.05) and comparison of malignant effusion done with McNemar’s test for CB showed that CS method was not superior to CB method in pleural, peritoneal and total body effusions. The stastistical analysis of malignant effusions (n=114) for cell block method for sensitivity was 100%, specificity 79.63%, positive predictive value 21.43% and negative predictive value 100%. The CB method provides high cellularity, better architectural patterns, morphological features and an additional yield of malignant cells than CS method. CB method is superior to CS method.

The study was conducted to analyze the effect of self-care intervention on perceived stress of health care providers of elderly with Dementia during the COVID19 pandemic. The objective is find out the outcome of the Self-care intervention on perceived stress of health care providers in long term care facilities. 50 Health care providers of elderly with Dementia are chosen based on purposive sampling. Male and female formal health care providers aged about 20-35yrs who can comprehend Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and English with an experience of at least 1 month. On an average the perceived stress was higher in the participants prior to the intervention. The study has shown the inevitable benefits of self-care program in modifying aspects of training for the health care workers by identifying perceived stress in maintaining a greater personnel strength and their health promotion. It is concluded that Self-care program aids in subsiding the levels of perceived stress even in situations demanding high levels of occupational dedication in health care workers.

Polymer modification of bitumen to decrease bitumen pavement susceptibility to high and low temperatures, allowing reduction in common failure mechanisms as rutting and cracking has been in existence since decade. The objectives was to study the mechanical and rheological properties of properties of extracted base bitumen from Agbabu and Loda and bitumen–polymer (polyethylene) blend from the two sources and helped to understand possible conversion of the non-degradable waste into useful product. 200grams of sheared waste polyethylene sachet were mixed in ratio 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 to extracted bitumen sample from both Agbabu and loda using mechanical mixer Heidolph model RZR 2020. These were heated in a thermosetting oven at 3000C for two hours for good modification. The results obtained indicated that Agbabu bitumen had good yield (79.90±0.01) when compared with Loda (46.50±0.01) after extraction. Other physico-mechanical properties of sheared Polyethylene Modified Bitumen (SPMB) indicated that bitumen base from Agbabu is efficient and economical for road pavement. The results obtained from SPMB from Agbabu and Loda were; Penetration at 250C increased from ratio 10:90 to 40:60 in both samples (47.50±0.20 -57.35 ±0.10) and (46.20±0.20 -52.15 ±0.20) before retreating. Marshall Stability (kg) at 600C also increased with increase in sheared polyethylene modified bitumen from10% to 40% increase in both modifications and diminished in 50% increase. Generally the values obtained for the physico-mechanical properties increased with increase in modifiers from 10% to 40% modification in the two samples, but good performance was noted in Agbabu modification than Loda for sheared polyethylene bitumen. The rheological properties from different proportions of modification at temperature ranges from 450C to 650C indicated that SPMB at 40% modification is encouraged for better performance because these blends will exhibit greater stiffness at higher temperature and high flexibility at low temperatures.

Early blight is the most common and devastating disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Jones and Grout. In vitro experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 to search appropriate growth medium of A. solani, as well as suitable fungi toxicant through quick screening methods. Seven different growth medium were used to culture the fungus in laboratory. Mycelial growth was very fast in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) followed by Richards’s Agar (RA) medium. Intermediate growth habit was recorded in Sabouraud’s Agar (SA), Czapek’s Dox Agar (CDA) and Potato Carrot Extract Agar (PCEA). The growth was very slow in Oat Meal Agar (OMA) and Malt Extract Agar (MES) at 72 hours of incubation. On bioefficacy evaluation, Infield Ayur showed very negligible effect to restrict mycelial growth and conidia formation, whereas Indofil M-45 (mancozeb) was more efficacious followed by Indofil Z-78 (zineb), Merger (tricyclazole + mancozeb) and Ishaan (chlorothalonil). Selection of most suitable culture media is essential for efficient growth of the fungus and its detail study. Quick and simple method to select effective fungicides within 48-72 hours is very much helpful for developing suitable disease management strategy.

Pigmented skin lesions refer to lesions that are black, brown or blue in color. These lesions include both melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions. A number of pigmented lesions are difficult to classify because of wide spectrum of histological appearances and raise the possibility of melanoma. With this study we intended to evaluate the spectrum of pigmented skin lesions and to correlate the clinical diagnosis with the histological diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 75 cases of pigmented skin lesions were reviewed on hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin embedded tissue sections from June 2017- May 2020 in the Department of Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital and analyzed according to age, gender, site of occurrence and histological types. Out of the 75cases evaluated there were 23 melanocytic lesions and 52 non- melanocytic lesions. Overall, benign melanocytic nevi (13 cases) were commonest lesions followed by seborrheic keratosis (11 cases). The lesions presented from 1st -9th decade with slight female predominance. The most common site involved was head and neck. Clinicohistopathological correlation showed positive correlation in 55(73.3%) cases and negative correlation in 20 cases (26.6%). Pigmented skin lesions are common presenting problem, while majority are benign a small minority can be malignant. A histological interpretation by pathologist is essential to correctly diagnose these lesions in order not to miss a small percentage of malignant tumors and to differentiate melanocytic lesions from its nonmelanocytic mimickers.