Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride in impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects randomly received either the 4% articaine injection (Group 1) or 2% lignocaine injection (Group 2) with 1: 200000 adrenaline via a pterygomandibular nerve block. The onset of the action of anesthesia, pulpal anaesthesia and its quality during the surgery, duration of anesthesia, duration of the surgery, the total volume of the anesthetic solution, hemodynamic statistics and pain levels were recorded. Results: The mean onset of anesthesia was significantly shorter in Group 1 (4.243 minutes) as compared to Group 2 (4.398 minutes). Onset of pulpal anesthesia was significantly shorter, with values as 4.287 ± 0.335 mins (Group 1) and 5.215 ± 0.3157 mins (Group 2). The duration of anesthetic effect in Group 1 was 3 hours (14.60 ± 9.76 mins), significantly higher than lignocaine -2 hours 43.33 mins (163.33 +-11.97 minutes). The duration of the procedure was marginally higher in Group 1- 41.67 ± 20.14mins; Group 2- 39.30 ±18.54mins. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between qualities of anesthesia with pain scores lower in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Articaine was found to have better cardiovascular stability than lignocaine. Conclusion: 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenaline is more effective than 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenalines in impacted mandibular third molar surgery in terms of onset, quality of anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) is mainly known in its nasopharyngeal localization. Nevertheless, it can be found in other sites of the upper and lower aerodigestive pathways. The aim of this work is to study the characteristics and therapeutic management of UCNT located outside of nasopharynx; particularly at the larynx; in the light of the medical observation of a 65-years-old who presented a laryngeal lymphoepithelial carcinoma admitted to the department of otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery at the specialties hospital, Mohamed V university, Rabat-Morocco.

Different methods are used for the introduction of foreign DNA in the genome of a plant. These processes includes the biological methods which are based on pathogenic bacteria A. rhizogenes and A. fumefaciens, or the chemical and physical coordination’s like microprojectile-bombardment, micro-injection, chemical poration and electroporation. The bacterial transformation is the straight gene transferring mechanism through which the some of the bacteria intake the foreign DNA from environment. The protoplasts of plant treated with the polyethylene glycol take up the DNA more rapidly from the surrounding, and this DNA can be integrated stably in to plant chromosomal DNA. Biolistics contains acceleration of higher mass transporter elements (commonly made up of tungsten, gold or platinum) roofed with the genes which passed through cells, separating the DNA inside by the adsorption method. SiC whiskers are like a needle having a size of 20μm in length. These whiskers helps in penetrating the plasma membrane and cell wall of targeted cell for transferring the wanted DNA and hence, the transformants are attained.

The availability of sufficient green open space (RTH) is one of the efforts to maintain the optimal quality of environmental functions. The management of green open space (RTH) is still reaping many problems in urban areas. The management of this green open space needs attention and the role of many parties. The arrangement of green open space needs to consider residential areas, public and social facilities, as well as green open space for the public. RTH facilities have started to break down, paint is peeling or dull, lighting is inadequate, and it is often misused towards negative behavior. This research was conducted to answer how to optimize the management of green open space in Banjarbaru City. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The research was conducted in the Banjarbaru City Public Green Open Space area that did not meet the minimum requirements of 30% of the city area. Data obtained from interviews, observations, and supporting references. The analysis includes data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and interactive conclusion making. It was concluded that Banjarbaru's green open space management planning was packaged into the "Smart Green City for Banjarbaru" planning model or called the Green City. Planning and management is carried out by two leading sectors, namely the Public Works and Spatial Planning Service (PUPR); and the Department of Housing and Settlements (Disperkim). Planning has also involved the Banjarbaru City Environmental Service.

Introduction: Grinspan syndrome is a triad of erosive form of oral lichen planus (OLP), diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension. The objective of present study is to evaluate the oral health and oral symptoms in patients with Grinspan’s syndrome and also an emphasis on evaluating the level of awareness about oral health in patients of this disease complex. Methods: The study subjects with Grinspan’s syndrome are included in the study while the rest were excluded along with those who are on medications for other conditions. A self-administered structured questionnaire is used as the survey instrument. After collecting all the responses from patients, it is analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS® Software (21.v). Results: The most common oral symptom found in Grinspan’s syndrome is Glossodynia (92.1%). The high arched palate (35.6%) and temporomandibular joint disorders (35.6%) are least associated with this syndrome. Glossodynia was most prevalent (91.4% and 93% respectively) and their association with gender was highly significant (p value<.001) however the association of all other oral symptoms with gender was statistically non significant (P>.001). Among the different age groups, the presentation of oral symptoms was highly variable but the association between oral symptoms and age group was statistically highly significant (P<.001). Conclusions: Glossodynia is the most common oral symptom found in Grinspan’s syndrome whereas high arched palate and temporomandibular joint disorders (35.6%) are the least associated with this syndrome, in our study. The presentation of oral symptoms depends on and varies according to the age group of patients.

This study was design to examine the acute toxicity of the 80% -ethanolic extract of CP women capsules in healthy male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Heath Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, and Accra for the analysis. The investigators at the University declared in their research report that the study was conducted at the Animal Experimentation Unit of the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), College of Health Sciences, university of Ghana. On clinical Observation, the study conducted reports that the animals treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules (5000 mg/kg) did not show any observable abnormality in movement, salivation, sleep, lethargy, there was no signs of piloerection and mortality in comparison to the control group within the first 48 hours, and daily during the 14 days of the study. With regards to Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50), the study found that per monitoring the animals for 24, 48 hours and throughout the remaining 12 days, the group of rats treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules did not record any deaths. Hence, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules, when administered orally, is greater than 5000mg/kg. In conclusion, further studies involving long term administration of aqueous extract of CP women capsules in different experimental rodents, including mice, will be needed to assess its safety for trial and use in humans. More renal function markers such as creatinine should be analyzed.

Built a morphological and functional model for high-level Vietnamese shooting athletes with content of 10m pistols, including: 23 morphological indicators: Height (cm), Weight (kg), Quetelet Index (g / cm), Hand length (cm), Arm span (cm), index finger length (cm), Foot length H (cm), Hand width (cm), Shoulder width (cm), Width Elbow (cm), Knee Width (cm), Chest Width (cm), Chest Thickness (cm), Bust (cm), Arm Ring (cm), Stretched Arm Ring (cm), Forearm Ring (cm), Leg Ring (cm), Fat Under of Shoulderblade (cm), Fat under Subcutaneous of Triceps (cm), Abdominal Fat (cm), Leg Fat (cm), Somatype and 10 functional indicators: Cardiac performance index, Blood pressure (HA) max/min, Vital capacity (liters), EEG, Testorteron, Cortisol, Number of red blood cells (RBC), Hemoglobin concentration in the blood (Hb). Eye field, Heart rate. Test results of morphological and functional indicators of athlete H.X.V. has affirmed the objectivity, science and many indicators equivalent to high-class shooters in Asia and the world.

Over 150 countries with around 500 million people suffer mosquito borne diseases every year resulting in approximately one million deaths. Around 40 million people in India contract mosquito borne diseases annually. Mosquitoes are responsible for causing illnesses such as malaria, filarial, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever etc. If not detected in time, these diseases can turn out to be deadly. Dengue virus causes dengue. Incubation of the disease is 3-14 days. The disease is characterized by headache, high fever, joint pains, and skin rashes and vomiting. Recovery period may be upto 7 days. A severe form of the disease, dengue haemorrhagic fever shows symptoms such as bleeding from capillaries under the skin and vomiting. Dengue virus is a single stranded RNA arbovirus and resembles chikungunya and zika virus. It is an arthropod borne disease caused by four serotypes of the virus. During recent years an increase in the number of cases of dengue has been noticed. The present study was carried out in the central laboratory of Govt. Medical College, Bharatpur, and Rajasthan. The purpose of the study was to determine seropositivity, seasonal variation and clinical profile of the disease during the period January to December, 2019. Serum was separated from the blood samples of 997 patients with Dengue like illness. The samples were tested for Dengue NS 1 antigen and IgM antibody ELISA. On testing by ELISA it was found that 102 out of 647 (15.7%)samples were positive for NS 1 antigen and out of 350, 78 (22.2%) were tested positive for IgM antibody (Table 1). It was found that total prevalence of dengue in Bharatpur was 18%. It was also seen that out of the total number of 997 fever cases, maximum were in the age group 1-30 years. Rainy season (August to November) showed the maximum number of cases with the peak in October.

Objective: The aim was to assess the risk factors and prognosis of low birth weight at nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou, Mali. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective control case study from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Results: We recorded 160 infants of low birth weight out of a total of 2353 births or 6.8%. Adolescent girls were the most affected with 35% of cases compared to 16.9% for witnesses. Brides were the most affected in 80.6% of cases compared to 92.2% among witnesses. The main reasons for consultation were uterine contractions in 43.8%; metrorragia on pregnancy in 12.5% of cases and premature rupture of membranes in 10% of cases. Low birth weights were observed in discharged parturients in 35% of cases were compared to 8.1% of controls 36.25% of pregnant women who performed only one antenatal consultation (CP NV) had given birth to a low birth weight compared to 12.3% in controls and 60.63% of cases had not performed any NPCs compared to 4.3% in controls. Instrumental extraction was performed in 43% of cases compared to 15.6% in controls, and caesarean section in 26% of cases versus 5.9% in controls. It appears that both sexes were affected by low birth weight with a predominance of the male sex (56.9%) compared to women (43.1%). The main causes of neonatal death were among others: Respiratory distress with 62.22% and neonatal infections in 26.66%. Conclusion: Infants of low birth weight are a public health problem because of their high prevalence and the resulting adverse consequences.

This study was design to examine the Acute Dermal Toxicity, cumulative irritancy, Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test, delayed Toxicity Assessments and Microbial Quality Analysis of an Herbal drug for analgesic property as well as the phyto screening potential of the product. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology and others for the analysis at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product formulated for pain relief is safe to use in experimental animals and therefore could be safe to use as a topical application.

This study was design to examine the microbial and phytochemical property of MD Herbal Capsule as an immune booster. Six samples of the product were submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product as an immune booster is safe.

India is a land of agriculture wherein most of the people depend on agriculture as the source of economy. The predominance of agriculture and livestock rising as a source of income is both a boon and a bane. While it calls for the richness of India’s flora and fauna it also calls for vulnerability in hours of natural calamities. A country with huge prospects in agrarian sector the present study is a humble endeavour to explore the prospects and impediments to poultry farming in India.

This study was design to examine the microbial load, phytochemical screenings and acute toxicity of GM Plus herbal drug mixture. Six samples of the mixture were sent to the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana for analysis. For the toxicity test, Sprague-Dawley rats were put into six rats in each group. Animals in all groups were immunized with 5.0*108 SRBC/ml after which each group was treated with either GM Plus (30,100 or 300 mg/kg p.o., daily) based on preliminary investigations, levamisole (10mg/kg, p.o, daily), dexamethasone sodium (4mg/kg, i.m, daily) or Normal saline. The result of the toxicity proved that, Levamisole and 30,100, and 300 mg/kg GM Plus treatment resulted in significant increases (p<0.001) in the HA titre and WBC count relative to the dexamethasone and no treatment groups. A differential count performed indicated an increase in neutrophil proportion of the total count in the GM Plus treated groups. With regards to the microbial analysis, the total microbial load of Gm Plus was within the acceptable limits (BP 2015; category C of herbal products) there were no pathogenic microorganisms present. The herbal mixture has complied with the BP specifications for microbiological quality. The product GM Plus is therefore safe for usage.

This qualitative article aims to examine the enforcement of the code of ethics and code of conduct for judges in Indonesia by the Judicial Commission as an external supervisor with the Supreme Court as the internal supervisor. The sub-optimal relationship between the two institutions is clear from the high number of reports of violations of the Code of Ethics and the Code of Conduct of Judges and the low rate of implementation of the recommendations of the Judicial Commission in the supervision of judges at the Supreme Court. There is an overlap between internal supervision at the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court does not consider the Judicial Commission violations. According to the Judicial Commission, violations of the Code of Ethics and Judicial Code of Conduct are violations. As a result, public reports about violations of the judge's code of ethics and the recommendations of the Judicial Commission were ineffective, and breaches of the judges' code of ethics continued. The cause is the Judicial Commission's inefficiency and the tendency of protecting the corps of judges by the Supreme Court. To redress this, it is necessary to assign a single task and authority to the Judicial Commission and amend the Judicial Commission Law to create judges with integrity and dignity.

The precedent year that was engulfed by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown and shutdown, has had a huge catastrophic effect on economics, governments, and civil societies. No city is spared, thus, putting hefty pressure on local authorities and policymakers to respond swiftly and proficiently. The conceptualization of "Smart Cities" that varies from country to country, city to city, depending on the level of development have mitigated the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic is a matter to be evaluated. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the approaches and the course of action undertaken by the law enforcement officials and the judiciary in the smart cities of Eastern India to cushion against the adverse effects of the pandemic from the citizens' perspective. The study was conducted in December 2020 via a comprehensive questionnaire that was sent to the respondents living in the smart cities of Eastern India through the electronic platform for their response. The collected data were analyzed using the conventional analysis approach. According to the results, though the respondent's respective cities have had taken adequate measures to address the issues related to the pandemic, but still there exist many loopholes which should have been addressed. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic has a long-lasting effect on the structure and order for the smooth functioning of the cities, how the "Smart Cities" have shown their mettle as far as fighting of COVID-19 is concerned, thus, standing up to the tag that has been given to them is the main area of study in this paper.