Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations that may vary greatly in presentation, size, location and symptoms. They can present as solid/cystic tumors, intussusception, perforation or bleeding. A high index of suspicion is needed in all such cases. Radiologic studies may not be enough for a diagnosis. We present a case of ileal duplication cyst in a 2 month old baby who presented with features of abdominal obstruction. Suspecting it to be an infected mesenteric cyst from radiological studies, surgical excision with anastomosis of the ileal segment was done. The histopathological examination of the resected specimen diagnosed it as an enteric duplication cyst.

The research analysis aims to determine whether technology and competition have an effect on the business development of SMEs in the Center for Integrated Business Services of the Cooperative for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, North Sumatra. The data analysis technique used is the associative method with the help of the SPSS version 24.0 program. The population in this study were all UKM players who traded in the Center for Integrated Business Services of Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, North Sumatra, and a sample of 60 respondents. Primary data collection using a questionnaire. The results showed that technology partially had a positive and significant effect on the business development of SMEs in the Center for Integrated Business Services of Cooperatives for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, North Sumatra. Partial competition does not have a positive and insignificant effect on the business development of SMEs in the Integrated Business Service Center for Cooperatives, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, North Sumatra. Technology and competition simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the business development of SMEs in the Integrated Business Service Center for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, North Sumatra Cooperatives.

The core function of deposit money banks today is purely the efficient management of their risks portfolio investments in order to maximize shareholders’ wealth, by guaranteeing safety, returns on depositors’ funds and confidence in the system. The study empirically investigated the effects financial risks on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. More specifically, changes in financial performance were examined on the basis of the relative effect of credit risk, liquidity risk, market risk, operational risk and bank size. The study specifically focused on 18 deposit money banks listed on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Market for a period of 19 years both statistical and econometric techniques were applied in the analysis of the data used in the study. Panel data analysis technique was used in the estimation of the specified model. The fixed effects being the best performing effect in the relationships was adopted in the empirical analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the combined effects of financial risks do not influence banks’ performance negatively. More specifically, the results from the empirical analysis revealed that financial risk proxy by Credit risk does not have any significant relationship with financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Liquidity risk is a significant determinant of deposit money banks’ performance in Nigeria in the period under investigation. The effect of market risk, interest rate risk and Operational risk did not in any way affect bank performance significantly in Nigeria.

This study sought to determine the influence of recognition benefits on medical employees output at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) as moderated by workers ‘union activities. The study was guided by Reinforcement theory. The study employed both descriptive and explanatory research design and pragmatism philosophy. The target population of the study comprised of 2175 employees drawn from Kenyatta National Hospital. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select a representative sample of 328 respondents. The primary data for the study was collected using closed ended questionnaires and structured interview schedule. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Regression, Correlation and ANOVA). The findings indicated that recognition programs had a positive and significant relationship with employee output at KNH. It was also established that workers’ union activities significantly moderate the relationship between recognition programs and employee output among medical employees at KNH. The study concludes that recognition programs enhance employee output in hospitals. In addition, under high level of worker union activities, recognition programs had a positive and significant relationship with employee output at KNH. The study recommends that organizations need to work towards recognizing their staff appropriately so that they can exhibit improved employee output.

Background: Hypertension is the most common diagnostic sign of preeclampsia, although some women present with convulsions, abdominal pain or general malaise. Preeclampsia occurs in 5 to 7 percent of all pregnancies. Although its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, it is a major cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the fetal outcome in preeclamptic mothers in a tertiary Hospital. Methodology: The Study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital. Sylhet, Bangladesh to find out the common indications of fetal outcome of preeclamptic mother. 120 cases were randomly selected for the study whose common indication of fetal outcome of preeclamptic mother. Clinical examination and evaluation were done from July 2006 to June 2007. Other necessary investigations were done if clinically indicated and to prepare the patient for anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22). Results: Comparison of mean (±SD) age (24.30±4.03 and 24.654.41 years) and height (61.43±1.80 and 61.92±1.52 ern) did not show any significant difference. However, comparison of mean (±SD) weight (71.20+4.38 and 69.27±2.86 kg), blood pressure (systolic: 154.83±9.48 and 112.33±11.10; diastolic: 102.58±9.94 and 71.33±6.23 mmHg), gestational age (36.12±2.45 and 38.42± 1.03 weeks) and gravidity (1.45±1.13 and 1.10±0.30) showed significant differences between case and control groups. Conclusions: To avoid and/or reduce fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality among preeclamptic women, careful examination and investigations are required for early detection and thus to reduce. Maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.

Population administration is regulated in Law Number 23 of 2006 and has been amended by Law Number 24 of 2013 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2006 concerning Population Administration. This study aims to determine the importance of communication and information and what factors play a role in implementing the policy implementation of regional regulation number 21 of 2014 concerning population in Banjarmasin City. The research method uses a qualitative approach and descriptive type. The research instrument is the researcher himself. The data collection techniques are observation, interview and documentation. The focus of research is using the theory of policy implementation by Marille S. Grindle. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and verification. The validity of the data used by the data credibility test technique using triangulation to test it. The results show that communication and information are very important elements in the implementation of policies for implementing regional regulation number 21 of 2014. However, there are things that have not been maximally implemented regarding the effectiveness of population administration in the city of Banjarmasin (case study on temporary residence certificates). Judging from the two factors according to Marille S. Grindle, the factor of Content of Policy, because of the six indicators only one has been successfully implemented, namely the Indicator Program Implementer (Policy Implementer). Meanwhile, other indicators do not work because policy implementers do not know who the institutions are involved, there are still people who do not know the perda so they cannot feel the benefits, how the decision is made. There are three dimensions that are indicators of the importance of communication and information, namely: coordination, integration and synchronization. The context of implementation factor, the three indicators have not been successfully implemented. The reasons for this are lack of socialization and direction from the related agency so that the public does not know the perda, does not know the strategy to be implemented, there are still people who are asked for voluntary funds and the absence of the main duties and functions of each agency. It is suggested to the Department of Population and Civil Registration to provide information and meetings to other policy implementers and in providing SKTS services there should already be main tasks and functions. To the Miai River Village to improve services and hold outreach to the temporary immigrants. The RT Head should have the main tasks and functions (Topuction) and need to record and provide information to the immigrant population. To the immigrants, report themselves to the RT and ask about their obligations.

This paper examines the grammatical errors in the written productions of senior secondary school students in/from Lycée Amadou Kouran Daga (henceforth LAKD), Zinder, Niger. It specifically seeks to describe, identify and classify the grammatical errors with a view to finding out the reasons of their occurrence in the students’ writings. The participants of the present study consist of 30 students (14 male and 16 female students) learning English as a foreign language. The data for the investigation were collected by means of an essay writing which required the participants to write a three-paragraph essay on one of the four narrative and descriptive topics provided. The collected data were then analyzed using Error Analysis and the simple descriptive statistics consisting of frequencies and percentages. The analysis revealed a total of 410 grammatical errors in the participants’ writing samples ranked by order of frequency and categories as follows: errors on tenses, spelling errors, agreement errors, preposition and article errors, verb errors, use of nouns, and adjectives. The analysis also showed that male participants committed more grammatical errors than their female counterparts. Further, using Surface Strategy Taxonomy, the findings revealed that the participants committed all the four types of grammatical error. Misformation errors were the most dominant type, followed by omission errors, addition errors, and misodering errors.

Lymphoepithelial cysts of the vallecules are rare benign lesions, their incidence and prevalence are not well studied. The clinical picture in adults is usually asymptomatic, the positive diagnosis is made during an indirect or direct laryngoscopy of the larynx. paraclinical assessment is based on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The therapeutic management is surgical may be indicated in extreme urgency in the face of total obstruction of the airways. Left untreated, the progression may be to complications dominated by infection.

Increased uses of microbial enzymes in cheese processing are largely responsible for the use of enzymes in dairy industry, which is the next largest application industry followed by the beverages industry. Microbial enzymes such as fructosyltransferase, laccases, amylases, lipase, and cholesterol oxidase, as well as their potential applications in various industries. GUS in the form of β-glucuronidases acting as main gut enzyme have been sued in the pharmaceutical and clinical trials for testing the drugs toxicity prior their use in the human body. Amylase is the most important microbial enzyme that involved in the digestion of starch into small molecules of sugars. Amylase obtained from microorganisms usually less expensive and catalyzed the breakdown of starch in effective ways while the amylase obtained form plants as well as other animals required lots of chemicals and other microbial process for their separation, purification as well as their characterization. Submerged fermentation is the cultivation of microorganisms in liquid nutrient broth. Industrial enzymes can be produced using this process. In a batch process, all nutrients are provided at the beginning of the cultivation, without adding any more in the subsequent bioprocess.

Antibiotic therapy is crucial in the effective management of infectious diseases and its irrational use is a major risk factor for the development of drug-resistant organisms. An early switch from Intravenous to Oral antibiotic therapy could be one of the factors that influence the Length of Hospital Stay and increase the treatment cost. The aim of the study was to evaluate the practice of Intravenous to oral antibiotic conversion and its impact on patient care and clinical outcome at a tertiary care Hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted for 6 months. Patient demographic details, medical & medication history, diagnosis, drug administration, conversion day & time, microbiological reports, discharge summaries were collected from case sheets. Day of therapy, duration of Intravenous & oral antibiotic therapy, Length of Hospital Stay were calculated &compared. Results reveal that 68.25% were converted from IV to oral while 31.75% were not converted. Since we got a high number of converted cases, therefore, the days of therapy (68.68%), length of hospital stay (62.21%), duration of IV therapy (60.63%) were increased for converted groups than the not converted group. Calculated estimated cost (Rs.471.59) for the treatment shown increased for the not converted group. Early conversion of IV to oral in patients with at least 24 hours of IV therapy can shorten the duration of IV therapy and reduce treatment costs without altering the outcome of treatment.

Bioethics involves the objective assessment of how others, including animals and the environment, are affected by our values, desires, and actions. Bioethics covers global ethics, a field that focuses on the connection between biology, ecology, medicine, and human values. In this study, the understanding of research ethics information among students at the University of Benin was determined; we accessed the research ethics training knowledge base to understand constraints on the proper use of bioethics and research ethics. We also have access to the knowledge transfer rate of research ethics training conducted at the University of Benin; and the level of understanding of ethics compared between different fields of study. Findings from the study indicated that the respondents performed better (x ̅= 16.77, SD = 3.36) after they were exposed to ethics training, Results showed that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between students’ academic qualification and ethics knowledge/practice (r = 0.26; p < 0.05), Similarly, there is a statistically significant and direct relationship between students’ research experience and their ethics knowledge (r = 0.19; p < 0.05). However, the model does not reliably predict research ethics knowledge and practice [F (6, 103) = 1.919, p > 0.05].

The contribution of various sectors to Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was investigated in this report, as well as the creation of a model for forecasting Nigeria's GDP over a 33-year period (1981-2013). Regression analysis and time series analysis were used to analyze data from the Central Bank of Nigeria. The regression results show a positive relationship between the three sectors: Agricultural, Industrial, and Service, with only the Industrial and Service sectors contributing significantly with coefficients of 0.286 and 0.631, respectively, while the contribution of the Agricultural sector is not significant with a coefficient of -0.039, implying that the service sector contributes the most. The agricultural sector makes a negligible contribution. A time domain model (fundamental approach) based on the Box Jenkins approach was used to forecast Gross Domestic Product for the period 1981 to 2013 using the ARIMA model in a developing country like Nigeria. The outcome shows an upward trend, and the series' first difference was stationary, indicating that the series was I (1). ARIMA was found to be the best model for explaining the series using expert modelers (1, 1, 0). The diagnosis on such a model was verified, the error was white noise, there was no serial correlation, and a 10-year forecast was made, indicating that GDP would continue to rise over the forecasted time period.

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and its impact on the various parameters of spondyloarthritis based on collected data from the Moroccan biotherapy register. Materials and methods: This is a multicenter study based on data from the Moroccan biotherapy register related to patients suffering from spondyloarthritis. An analysis of the socio-demographic parameters as well as an evaluation of the variables associated with the disease were performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to assess what the impact of smoking is on the various spondyloarthritis parameters. p<0.05 was set to be the significant threshold. Results: The study is based on data collected from 194 patients (21 smokers and 173 non-smokers) suffering from AS included in the Moroccan biotherapy register. The prevalence of smoking was 10.8%. Male gender was associated with smoking (63% of men in non-smoking group versus 90% of men in the smoking group) (p = 0.006). In addition, a higher CRP: 8 [2-17] was observed in the smoking group compared to 5.5 [2-28] in the non-smoking group (p = 0.048). No significant difference between the 2 groups was statistically noted in terms of the disease activity evaluated by the BASDAI and ASDAS CRP score which were respectively 2.77 +/- 1.82 and 2.25 ± 1.66 in the smoking group and 3.24 +/- 2.15 and 2.09 ± 1.7 in the non-smoking one. Furthermore, our results did not reveal a significant correlation between smoking and the functional impact of spondyloarthritis. No correlation was established between smoking and the structural progression of the disease. Conclusion: Our study suggests that male gender and a higher CRP are statistically associated with tobacco consumption. Larger scale studies are needed to support these results.

Eye is a special sensory organ which exhibits diverse histological structures. It shows wide spectrum of pathologies ranging from trauma, degenerative, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. So this study was done to determine the pattern and proportion of different ophthalmic lesions in hospital. Total 95 biopsies and specimens of orbito-ocular lesions were received and were examined after H & E staining and immunohistochemistry was applied whenever required. This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, for the duration of 1 year. It was found that females 50 (52.63%) were more commonly affected than male 45 (47.36%) with male to female ratio of 0.9: 1. The orbito-ocular lesions were highest 20 (21.05%) in age group of 0-10 years. The lesions were categorised as Non-neoplastic 7 (7.36%), Benign 40 (42.10%) and Malignant 48 (50.52%). Eyelid 48 (50.52%) was the most commonly involved site followed by conjunctiva, and was the significant finding. Most common benign lesion was epidermoid cyst 10 (25%). Among malignant lesions squamous cell carcinoma 12 (25%) was most common. Retinoblastoma was the commonest intraocular malignancy in paediatric age group. All surgically resected ophthalmic lesions should always be subjected to histopathological examination to establish the accurate diagnosis for further management.

There is a large variety in prevalence, clinicopathological features and management of lupus nephritis (LN) between patients worldwide. Data from North Africa are extremely lack, particularly from Morocco. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe clinicopathological features as well as treatment and outcome of patients with biopsy proven LN in a region of Morocco. A total of 54 patients were included between January 2008 and December 2018. LN was classified according to the International society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society. The mean age of the patients was 28+/-11, 76; female gender was preponderant (91%). At first presentation, hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria and renal failure were observed in 74%, 74%, 83% and 48% respectively. Renal biopsy performed in all patients revealed proliferative classes in 76%. Conservatively treatment was adopted in all patients. 61% of patients with joint and mucocutaneous manifestations received antimalarial drug. All patients with proliferative classes received immunosuppressive regimens based on either intravenous cyclophosphamide (43%) or oral mycophenolate mofetil (33%). At 6 months, remission was achieved in 85%, end stage renal disease in 4% and death in 6%. Adverse events due to immunosuppressive drugs were mostly dominated by infections (41%), leukopenia (20%) gastrointestinal symptoms (31%) and gonadal toxicity (24%). From our view, the outcome of Moroccan patients with LN may be better than commonly thought. However, disparities seen from several studies in our country can be assigned to the precariousness of health system and the low socioeconomic level of population.