The level of heavy metals above the permissible limit is toxic to human being as well as to animal welfare. The heavy metals enter the surrounding environment by natural and though anthropogenic activities. Soil erosion, natural weathering, mining, industrial effluents, urban runoff, sewage discharge, inorganic fertilizers, insecticides, herbicides, industrial emissions and transportations are some of the various sources of heavy metals induced to the environment, waterbody, soil and foods. Many instrumental analytical methods may be employed to measure the concentration of heavy metals in various samples. The most common techniques are atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); atomic emission/ fluorescence spectrometry (AES/AFS); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and anodic striping voltammetry (AVS). The detection level of metals quantification depends on the instrument, method extractions and speciation. There are physical, chemical and biological techniques of heavy metals remediations in soil and human bodies. Biochar is one of the organic materials reduce the level of heavy metals, the plant species such as: Salix spp. (Salix viminalis, Salix fragilis), Castor (Ricinus communis), Corn (Zea mays),Populus spp. (Populus deltoides, Populus nigra, Populus trichocarpa), Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), Populus deltoides, Brassica juncea, Astragalus bisulcatus, Populus canescens can also remediate heavy metals from the contaminated soil. Chelate therapy ridding the body heavy metals with a chemical like Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) effective chelation of removing metals from body blood. Due to the increasing trend of HMs contamination, the negative impact on plants, environments and other organisms, it is important to mitigate the toxicity by developing effective and environmentally safe technologies. This paper therefore gives highlights of heavy metals sources, techniques of analysis and remediations.

The current work deals with the synthesis of Nitrosopyrazolones and their metal complexes with some transition metals. These were then characterized by various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Visible, FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR. Electrochemical studies were conducted in order to rationalize their redox behavior. These were then screened against Hep-G2 cancer cell line showing promising results.

Training dental students is a complex process as it requires the acquisition of fine motor skills, and hand-foot and eye coordination to perform clinical work, in addition to the attainment of knowledge. Awareness of limitations of conventional simulators that have been used for pre-clinical training for this purpose, has paved way for digital dentistry as the new pedagogical paradigm that offers multiple advantages over conventional dental teaching methods (Zafar et al., 2020). Digital innovations including virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are becoming more prevalent in dentistry (Dutã et al., 2011 in Zafar et al., 2020). This paper reviews some of the recent methods such as computer assisted simulators, virtual patients, virtual teeth, use of MultiUser Virtual environment, etc., and highlights the benefits of using these for the preclinical training in dental education. The need for the new age facilitators to adopt to and employ the newer technology based methods of instruction has also been emphasized.

Background: Apheresis is a blood transfusion process that allows a donor to give specific blood components like platelets, RBCs, or plasma to the receivers. During this procedure, the rest blood components are returned to the donors. For safe and effective apheresis platelet transfusion, profiling of donors and receivers or primary information of them is very important. In Bangladesh, we have not enough research-based information regarding these issues. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of apheresis platelet donors and receivers who were cancer patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2019. In total 210 platelet donors and 210 platelet receivers through apheresis procedure were enrolled as the study population. The ethical committee of the mentioned hospital had approved this study. Before starting data collection, properly written consent was taken from all the participants. All data were processed, analyzed, and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need. Result: In this study, the mean age of the donor was 26.62 ± 5.86 years. Only one donor was female (0.5%) whereas 95.5% of donors were male. As platelet count, below 2 lacs, above 2 lacs, above 3 lacs, and above 4 lacs were in 10%, 72.4%, 16.7%, and 1% donors respectively. For 100% donors, it was a single donation. On the other hand, the mean age of the receivers was 26.94 ± 15.55 years. We observed, 69% of receivers were male whereas 31% were female. In this study, as platelet count of receivers, we found <10,000/lac, 10,000-30,000/lac and 30,001-50,000/lac platelets among 15.7%, 61.9% and 22.4% receivers respectively. The majority of the receivers were with AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) which was found among 68%. As a total number of apheresis, a single number was found in 13% and multiple numbers were found in 36% of receivers. In 82% of receivers, history of chemotherapy and in 18% receiver’s history of chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy were found. Conclusion: In Bangladesh basically males are the prominent part of platelet donation through apheresis procedure. Although young males play a vital role in apheresis platelet donation, younger children and adolescents are the basic receivers here, a large number of healthy young women as potential blood donors are still out of platelet donation procedure in Bangladesh. Necessary motivational education could make them interested as platelet donors in the mainstream blood transmission system in near future.

Radish is consumed and cultivated globally and is reflected as a part of human-diet, although this root vegetable is not common in many populations. Different varieties of radish have the different soil and climate requirements for better growth and yield but the most beneficial and important agro-technique is nutrition for better performance. For better quality and optimal radish production, fertilization by organic, inorganic and bio-fertilizers are very important constituents. Other pharmaceutical uses of radish include treatment of chronic diarrhea, neuralgic-headache and sleeplessness. Toxicity of Ni in radish plant is confirmed by inhibition of growth, chlorosis, necrosis and wilting. This report based study conducted to investigate the biological, physiological effects of heavy metals on the radish. In this study it was noticed that nickle sulphate act as suppressor on growth of the plant and it also decreased the content of carotenoids and chlorophyll contents such as Chlorophyll-a, b. Statistical analysis was achieved after collection of data by using appropriate computer software such as ANOVA.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is the second most common infectious killer, claiming more than one million lives each year. The tuberculosis is common worldwide, but it is endemic in some parts of the world, such as Asia and Africa. The documented cases of endobronchial tuberculosis are less than that the magnitude of the problem because bronchoscopy and high resolution computed tomography is usually not performed in all cases of suspected or confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. The complications and late sequelae are major challenges where infrastructure and expertise in Interventional bronchoscopy are warranted.

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. Emotional and behavioral problems are among the most prevalent chronic health conditions of childhood and often have serious negative consequences for a child’s academic achievement and social development. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies. Aim of The Work: To determine the effect of iron deficiency and congenital heart disease on the behavior of children. Subjects and Methods: This is a case control study of 90 children, 60 children had congenital heart disease they divided into two groups: 30 cyanotic and 30 acyanotic. All studied children subjected to the following: Assessment of behavioral disturbance using an adapted Arabic translation of. Conners’ PARENT rating scale and specific laboratory investigations including: serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation capacity. Results: Behavior disorders were more frequent among congenital heart disease patients (33, 3%) compared to controls (13.3%) regardless the type of congenital heart disease either. Iron deficiency was more prevalent among children with congenital heart disease 25 (41.6 %) in comparison to control group 4 (13.3%) specially in cyanotic heart disease as we found 43.3% had iron deficiency in comparision to cyanotic heart disease (33%) . .There was slight increase in behavioral disorder in children with iron deficiency specially in those with cyanotic heart disease. Conclusion: Children with CHD are at higher risk of behavioural disorder specially those how suffering from iron deficiency.

The irruption and global spread of pandemic Covid-19 since the end of 2019 has led to a serious and a comprehensive chaos affecting almost all aspects of the life. The consequence resulted in an international concerns where the control of the pandemic went out of control by the World Health Organizations (WHO) as well as the developed countries. The pandemic looked as a biological war being launched by the giant countries USA and China particularly against the elderly people to trim down the world populations of them due to the increase the life span in the well developed countries and the increase in rate of birth in developing countries. The overall mortality has exceeded a few millions without any ironic action to stop spreading the virus nor protecting the lives. Most of the modern global measurements taken so far to overcome the crisis have failed to contain the pandemic. While all the man-made laws failed to contain the pandemic the measurements driven from the activation and application of the divine laws, represented in Islamic values e.g. faith values, could guarantee the overcome the worldwide crisis.

For management and treatment of diabetes several medicinal plants are used worldwide as well as these are being utilized customarily for the management of diabetes in human. The current study explored Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) and gurmar (Gymnema Sylvestre) to determine their hypoglycemic activity compared to the standard drug metformin. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in rats (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneal. For a time period of 60 days stevia (100mg/kg), gurmar (500mg/kg), and their combination (500mg/kg) was administered orally as well as metformin at the rate of 800μg/kg after 2 weeks of STZ injection. Hypoglycemic effects were shown best in combined stevia-gurmar extract than the individual doses of stevia and gurmar. (OGTT) oral glucose tolerance test and measurement of blood glucose levels were assessed. Reduction in body weight by STZ was also found to increase in all rats except stevia treatment. In conclusion, the extracts of stevia and gurmar showed hypoglycemic effect as well as improving body weight effects in diabetic rats. Therefore, it can be suggested that stevia as well as gurmar extracts have a potential in preventing diabetes and can be used as antidiabetics in herbal medicine.

Aesthetics is a major concern for dental patients and is a challenge in contemporary dental rehabilitation for clinicians and dental technicians. Discolored frontal maxillary teeth can result in excessive psychological suffering for the affected individual. Here we describe the use of zirconia CAD/CAM restorative materials for the treatment of teeth in the aesthetic zone for a 26-year-old teacher. Maxillary central and lateral individual zirconia crowns were manufactured and cemented with dual-cure resin cement. Harmony with the existing shade of all teeth was achieved. The patient reported improved self-esteem and better relationship with their students as well as social interactions.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory properties of non-descriptive deshi and naked neck chicken meat. A total of 40 male and female mature Naked neck chicken (NNC) and non-descriptive deshi chicken (NDDC) were purchased and the chickens were randomly allocated to a 2 (Sex) × 2 (Breed) factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The carcass properties of the NNC and NDDC thigh, drumstick were alike (P>0.05) except for breast muscle. Sex affected on all physicochemical properties of carcass. Breed, sex and post slaughter time interactions effects on color attributes of drumstick and thigh meat except for breast meat CIE redness (a*) and CIE yellowness (b*) values. The pH value differed significantly (P<0.05) among the breeds, sex and post slaughter time. The sensory traits evaluations of the chicken breeds were alike (P>0.05). Fatty acid profiles of the chickens were not affected (P>0.05) by sex or breed. The ratios of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids were significantly lower in both breeds which are anticipated in reducing the risk of many heart-related illness. Therefore, the results obtained from this study could be contribute to stimulate the production of naked neck and non-descriptive deshi chickens as well as increases the consumer’s consciousness for healthier meat choices.

The natural healing process of skin wounds and burns is a time taking phase during which there is also risk of pathogenic invasion and to avoid this possible complication, various types of wound dressings i.e., organic, herbal and synthetic origin have been prepared and applied. Among them, recently explored dermal healing potential of collagen of wasted fish skin is getting attention. It is not only a low cost locally available form of organic waste but also exhibit antimicrobial properties. Recent data indicates that a wounded or burnt skin coated with fish skin recovers comparatively faster. Thus, further optimization is required to make pharmaceutically accessible for general public.

Internet-of-Things (IoT) has made ubiquitous computing a reality through extending Internet connectivity in numerous applications deployed throughout the globe. The combination of IoT-based cloud structures included with smart systems that offer smart objectives and programs are a promising future trend. Cloud computing is tremendously efficient, storage is becoming more and more vast, and a few groups are now changing their data from in house data to Cloud Computing Vendors' hubs. As a result, a few new classes of safety and privacy problems are introduced. This paper provides security problems relating to the IoT cloud.

A 42 year old lady approached OPD of the Ayurveda hospital, Aniyakanda, Kandana, Sri Lanka and got registered in OPD in February, 2016. She was seeking leach therapy for bluish, dilated and twisted varicose vein at the right poplitial fossa. She reported no history of diabetes mellitus on the past but on advice she did basic laboratory investigations prior to leach therapy i.e FBS, BT and CT. The blood report showed FBS of 220 mg/dl dated on 1st of March 2016. This patient was investigated as recently diagnosed case of diabetes mellitus and laboratory test was repeated 03/03/2016 to confirm diagnosis which revealed FBS of 201 mg/dl and PPBS of 240 mg/dl. Patient was advised not to take any allopathic medicine. Treatment was employed according to ilaj bil dawa (Pharmacotherapy) , half a cup of decoction was prescribed twice a day which consisted 15g of Amla (Phyllanthus embilica),15g of Gilo (Tinospora cordifolia),15g of posth e Neem (Azadirechta indica), and 15g of Darhaldi (Coscinium fenestratum) along with appropriate ilaj bil ghiza (Dietotherapy) prescribed. Patient was assessed every other week with repeated FBS for a period of 3 months. The observed mean FBS during the course of treatment was 136 mg/dl. At the end of this case study the FBS was found to be 108 mg/dl. Efficacy of variety of mufrat advia (single drug) has been already established by some studies. We need to conduct randomized clinical trial in larger sample size in order to establish the effective management for DM.

The sponge Suberites carnosuswas collected during low tides from West Coast of Mumbai. Crude extract was obtained by taking 10 gram of sponge samples in10 ml of methanol. In the present investigation we found the crude protein contents in Suberites carnosus as 0.096 mg/mL. The Neuromodulatory Na (+)-K+ ATPase activity and AChE on Sprague dawley rat brain and chicken brain extract may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic complications of the central nervous system, and that the undetectable enzyme activity in chicken brain convulsing chicken brain may result from considerable damage or necrosis of brain tissue during seizures. In A Ch E our study is evident that both the sponge extract showed enzyme inhibitor activity at certain concentrations. In hemolytic activity showed potent toxin which is responsible for hemagglutination. Hemagglutination activity is generated by the presence of protein and the protein found in sponges which usually show hemmaglutination activity that might be because of presence of lectin which showed hemolytic activity. In CAM study showed that methanolic extract has strong antiangiogenic activity. The protein bands showed lectins have variety of effects on cells, such as agglutination, mitogenic stimulation, redistribution of cell surface components, modifying the activity of membrane enzymes, inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth, cell aggregation, toxicity, immunomodulation.