Tourism is a strategic sector for Indonesia’s economy but remains vulnerable to global and domestic crises. This study aims to analyse the implementation of sustainable tourism practices and their relationship with the financial resilience of tourism destinations in Jakarta and West Java. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected through surveys of 150 respondents (tourism enterprises, destination managers, and local communities) and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. The research instruments measured three dimensions of sustainable tourism (economic, socio-cultural, environmental) and five dimensions of financial resilience (revenue stability, diversification, cost efficiency, adaptation and innovation, institutional support). Results from Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) reveal that sustainable tourism practices significantly and positively influence financial resilience (β = 0.62; p < 0.01). The economic dimension contributed the most, followed by socio-cultural, while environmental was positive but not significant. These findings highlight that sustainability not only addresses socio-ecological concerns but also serves as a key strategy to strengthen the financial resilience of tourism destinations. Theoretically, this study reinforces the Resource-Based View and Stakeholder Theory within the Indonesian tourism context. Practically, it provides recommendations for policymakers and practitioners, including strengthening policy support, diversifying tourism products, enhancing digital innovation, and engaging local communities. Thus, sustainable tourism practices can form a foundation for developing resilient and competitive destinations in the future.

In Ngandajika (Democratic Republic of Congo), given the state of our soils, farmers and researchers resort to chemical fertilizers, such as NPK, to achieve the expected yield. Jatropha curcas by-products used in composting would be a strategic solution to this dilemma. Jerky (Jatropha curcas L.) is a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family. Pressing its oil-rich seeds produces a by-product, the cake, the accumulation of which causes an environmental problem. To address this problem, the use of this by-product in compost was considered and is the subject of this study. Five types of compost were developed using cake alone or combined with animal waste (small ruminant droppings or poultry droppings). The composts were then tested on the yield of cabbage apple. The experimental design used is completely randomized, comprising 6 treatments repeated three times each. The study showed that mixing cake with 10% of small ruminant droppings resulted in good quality compost with a high nitrogen and potassium content (Ntot 1.83%; Ktot. 1.76%). Compost made with Jatropha cake and 20% of small ruminant droppings resulted in the best yield in both total biomass and apple biomass. The different composts made from Jatropha curcas cake significantly improved the chemical characteristics of the soil. These different results therefore show that cake is a good material for the production of compost. This recovery therefore makes it possible to avoid the unnecessary and harmful accumulation of this product and helps to solve the environmental problem it constitutes.

Background: Sampling time and containers used for sample collection are crucial preanalytical processes, dictating the accuracy and precision of lipid profile results. We compared the effect of sampling time and routine container on lipid profiles. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year students of the Department of Biochemistry at the Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, in 2024. A total of 150 participants were recruited for this study. Fasting, starvation, and random blood samples were collected from each patient into plain containers, lithium heparin, K2EDTA, and fluoride oxalate containers simultaneously on daily staged structures. Samples in anticoagulant tubes were immediately centrifuged, and plasma was obtained while samples in plain containers were made to clot before centrifugation to obtain serum. The plasma and serum obtained were used to estimate the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) using an automated chemistry analyzer. Results: The study shows a significant mean increase (P<0.05) in TC and LDL concentrations in the fasting and starvation groups compared to the control and random samples. Similarly, the anticoagulants used revealed a significant mean increase (P>0.05) in the concentrations of TC and LDL in lithium heparin and fluoride oxalate compared to EDTA and plain containers. Furthermore, the findings revealed a significant increase in triacylglycerol concentration in the lipid diet group when compared to other groups, whereas other parameters were stable. Conclusions: Random sampling in lipid profile estimation could be more suitable for fasting or starvation sampling. In a similar vein, the suitability index of sample containers placed K2EDTA and plain containers as a better choice for lipid profile estimation, comparable to lithium heparin and fluoride oxalate.

The widely accepted belief that plain and lithium heparin containers are the choice for the collection of samples for renal function testing was investigated. This was conducted in addition to the effect of sampling conditions and diet types on renal function testing. A total of 100 subjects were recruited for the study, and renal function parameters such as creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and glucose were estimated using the Randox (UK) test kits on a semi-automated chemistry analyser (Contec-China). The containers used for the analysis include plain, lithium heparin, fluoride oxalate, and K2EDTA, whereas the sampling conditions were grouped into fasting, starvation, and random. The diet types consisted of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids. The results of the investigations were statistically analysed using One-Way Anova (Post-Hoc) on SPSS version 18-20 and level of significance pegged at 95%. The findings reaffirmed the suitability of plain and lithium heparin containers as the choice for renal function testing. Furthermore, sampling conditions were found not to have a palpable effect on the accuracy and precision of renal function parameters, whereas, lipid-rich diet impacted creatinine and urea concentrations. Conclusively, the gradation of the suitability index of routine containers for renal function test is plain > lithium heparin>K2EDTA>fluoride oxalate. Also, diet types should be considered when considering the clinical implication of renal function parameters.

With the deepening of globalization and the increasing frequency of cross-cultural exchanges, Asian films have gradually emerged in the international film market and become an important bridge connecting the East and the West. As a classic Asian film, The Joy Luck Club, with its unique narrative and profound thematic connotation, has attracted the attention and love of many audiences. In the movie, the phenomenon of code-switching appears frequently. This paper applies Verschueren's theory of linguistic adaptation to analyze the cultural adaptation embodied in the phenomenon of code-switching in The Joy Luck Club, so as to analyze the impact of code-switching on the cross-cultural communication of Asian families. It reveals the complex mentality of cultural identity, identity construction and conflict resolution of Asian groups in cross-cultural communication.

Patient management of chronic and subacute dorsal pain may be difficult, especially in cases when the patient does not respond to traditional pharmacologic treatment. It has just come to light that the erector spinae plane block is a potentially useful interventional approach for the treatment of regional pain. In patients who were suffering from subacute and chronic dorsal pain, the purpose of this research was to determine whether or not erect spine plane prolotherapy was helpful in significantly lowering pain across a variety of thoracic levels. All of the patients who had undergone erect spine plane prolotherapy at thoracic levels T1–T12 were included in the prospective review that was carried out. Both subacute (pain that lasted for less than three months) and chronic (pain that lasted for more than three months) pain groups were assigned to patients. At baseline, on the first day, one week, and one month after the surgery, the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) was used to evaluate the levels of pain experienced by the patients. In addition, the amount of injection and the block laterality (unilateral vs bilateral) were measured simultaneously. The majority of patients had chronic dorsal pain (n = 173), with T5–T8 and T1–T4 being the most commonly targeted levels. Bilateral erect spine plane prolotherapy were predominantly utilized in chronic cases. Both groups demonstrated substantial pain reduction. In the subacute group, mean NRS scores decreased from 8 at baseline to 2 at one month (75% improvement). Similarly, the chronic group experienced a reduction from 7 to 2 (71% improvement). Prolotherapy performed on the erect spine plane was able to offer considerable and long-lasting pain alleviation in patients suffering from subacute and chronic dorsal pain. The approach was successful at a number of different thoracic levels and has the potential to be a viable option for the therapy of long-term pain, particularly in chronic instances that need bilateral intervention.

The chlorophyll a (Chl. a) and b (Chl. b) and carotenoid contents of 10 distinct medicinal plants have been determined in the current investigation. Young and mature leaves were found to have different chlorophyll a (Chl.a) and b (Chl.b) and carotenoid contents in terms of quality. For the purpose of evaluating the chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, 10 different medicinal plant species were chosen, including Pterocarpus santalinus, Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus emblica, Tridox procumbens, Swietenia mahagoni, Hardwickia binata, Pithecetobium dulce, Cassia fistula, Dalbergia latifolia and Syzygium cumini. In all cases, adult leaves had more chlorophyll and carotenoid content than young ones. It has been demonstrated that the age of the leaves has a significant impact on the amount of chlorophyll and carotenoids.

This study presents a novel approach to real-time wind tunnel data reduction by integrating a JR3 six-axis force-torque sensor with machine learning algorithms. Traditional aerodynamic testing often involves large volumes of raw data from force balances, which require extensive post-processing. This paper proposes a machine learning-based model that accelerates the data reduction pipeline, allowing for near-instantaneous derivation of aerodynamic coefficients from JR3 balance data. The framework includes a synchronized data acquisition module, signal preprocessing, a trained regression model, and an interactive visualization tool. Results show that the proposed system can achieve real-time performance while maintaining high accuracy, significantly reducing the computational and time costs associated with wind tunnel testing.

This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into aerodynamic optimization processes for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) prototypes in subsonic wind tunnel environments. Traditional aerodynamic testing, while reliable, often demands extensive manual parameter adjustments and prolonged experimental cycles. By incorporating AI-driven computational models, machine learning algorithms, and real-time data analytics, we demonstrate a more efficient approach to shape refinement, drag reduction, and stability enhancement. Our results show that AI-based optimization reduces testing time by up to 35% while improving lift-to-drag ratios and aerodynamic stability. The findings underscore the potential of AI to transform UAV design cycles, reduce costs, and accelerate the deployment of advanced aerial systems.

Forensic science has a very important role in the crime scene. During the inspection of the crime scene, the concerned scientific officer carefully inspects various types of cases and collects evidence which is prima facie related to the crime scene. All the evidence obtained during the inspection is sent to the forensic laboratory in a sealed condition for physical, chemical, biological and electronic testing. After the test, it is assessed as per the report received that how the incident sent to the lab is related to the crime scene, how the evidence is related to the deceased or the victim, it helps in understanding and solving it in a systematic way. The presented research paper is related to such a case in which a girl dies in a road accident in District Balrampur, State Chhattisgarh, which prima facie appeared to be a normal road accident after seeing the crime scene, but when the investigation was done as per the instructions given by the senior scientific officer to the investigating officer, it emerged as a murder committed under a well-planned conspiracy. In this case, the doctor who conducted the postmortem also It was recommended to give the cause of death only after the forensic report came in. During the investigation of this case, the concerned person was traced and after collecting the evidence, the scene of crime was inspected again by the senior scientific officer and scientific officer of forensics and the evidence found during the inspection was sealed and sent to the forensic laboratory; the test report of which came as expected, so the case was resolved and the accused was punished. In the said case, the scene of crime inspection and the forensic test report of the evidence found at the scene of crime played a major role.

The article substantiates the task of creating and programmatically implementing artificial consciousness (AS), its model and architecture. To solve the problem of creating an automated control system, a platform is proposed that includes ten levels, starting from the basic level of collecting and systematizing information about the outside world and ending with the upper level of human-coordinated impact on it and the level of decision-making. In conclusion, the most important, from the programmer's point of view, properties of the software product characterizing artificial consciousness are given and its model with a fragment of the program code is briefly described.

Ocular and oral health are fundamental components of systemic well-being, intricately linked through a complex network of shared risk factors, overlapping inflammatory pathways, and common systemic diseases. Recent advances in biomedical research have increasingly illuminated the bidirectional relationships between these two seemingly distinct anatomical regions, revealing that disturbances in one often reflect or exacerbate pathology in the other. For example, chronic systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disorders manifest with both ocular and oral complications, underscoring the necessity for integrated healthcare approaches. The convergence of ocular and oral health domains necessitates a cross-disciplinary framework that actively involves dentists, pharmacists, and optics technicians to optimize patient outcomes through early detection, comprehensive management, and patient-centered education. Dentists play a pivotal role by identifying oral manifestations indicative of systemic and ocular diseases, managing oral conditions that may influence ocular health, and facilitating timely referrals. Pharmacists contribute critical expertise in medication management, addressing challenges related to polypharmacy, drug-induced adverse effects affecting both the eyes and oral cavity, and ensuring therapeutic adherence. Optics technicians serve as essential facilitators of vision care, conducting preliminary ocular assessments, assisting in the early detection of ocular abnormalities, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals to manage systemic conditions with ocular manifestations. This review synthesizes current scientific evidence elucidating the interconnections between ocular and oral health, delineates the distinct yet complementary roles of these healthcare professionals within an integrated care framework, and discusses existing challenges and future directions for fostering effective interdisciplinary collaboration. By embracing such cross-disciplinary approaches, healthcare systems can move towards more holistic, patient-centered models that improve diagnostic accuracy, therapeutic efficacy, and overall quality of life for individuals affected by complex, multisystem diseases.

Heavy metal pollution especially that of cadmium (II), poses serious threats to the environment and human health because of its toxicity and endurance. The synthesis of chitosan from crab shells, a fisheries waste, and its effectiveness as a biosorbent for the removal of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions are the subjects of this work. Crab shells were demineralised, deproteinised, and deacetylated to create chitosan, which was then characterised using FTIR to verify the functional groups (-NH₂, -OH) in charge of metal binding. The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, beginning Cd2+ concentration, and contact time with adsorption behavior analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models, alongside kinetic and thermodynamic studies. The chitosan exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 714.3 mg/g at pH 8, with 92.5% removal efficiency, as described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.99). Pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.9995) confirmed chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic studies revealed an endothermic (ΔH° = 14.8 kJ/mol) and spontaneous (ΔG° = -6.1 to -8.2 kJ/mol) process, with efficiency increasing from 85.3% to 94.7% at 303–333 K. Compared to commercial chitosan, the crab shell-derived chitosan offers a cost-effective, sustainable alternative, aligning with circular economy principles. These results demonstrate its potential for large-scale wastewater treatment in areas affected by heavy metal contamination, and further study is advised to improve chitosan regeneration and modification for industrial use.

The protection of customary intellectual property rights, particularly those relating to traditional knowledge and associated practices, has gained increasing attention in global intellectual property discourse. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization was designed to ensure that indigenous peoples and local communities receive equitable benefits from the use of their knowledge. Cameroon ratified the Protocol on the 30th of November 2016 and has since adopted various legal and policy measures, including the Environmental Management Law and regulations on access to genetic resources. Despite these efforts, holders of customary intellectual property rights in Cameroon such as practitioners of traditional medicine, agricultural innovators, and custodians of cultural heritage rarely experience tangible benefits when their knowledge is accessed or commercialised. This article critically examines the disconnect between the legal recognition of these rights and the practical realization of benefit-sharing. It analyses the institutional weaknesses, legal ambiguities, low levels of community awareness, and ineffective contract enforcement that undermine implementation. Drawing on international standards, particularly the Nagoya Protocol, and relevant national legislation, the study argues that Cameroon’s current framework is insufficient to safeguard the interests of customary intellectual property right holders. It concludes with recommendations for strengthening institutional capacity, harmonising statutory and customary law, enhancing community awareness, and creating effective enforcement mechanisms to bridge the gap between paper-based recognition and the lived realities of indigenous communities.

The Axillary artery is the primary arterial supply to the upper limb and is classically divided into three parts based on its relationship with pectoralis minor muscle. Variations in its branching pattern are not uncommon and may have significant clinical implications in surgical operative procedures, orthopaedics, anaesthesia, and radiologic practices. Objective: To report a rare anatomical variation in the branching pattern of the third part of the Axillary artery observed during routine cadaveric dissection. Case Discussion: During the routine dissection of an embalmed adult female cadaver, an unusual branching pattern of the third part of Axillary artery was observed in the right upper limb just proximal to the convergence of lateral and medial roots of the median nerve. The third part of the Axillary artery divided into a superficial and deep branch. The deep branch gave rise to subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posterior circumflex humeral artery and then continued as profunda brachii artery. The superficial branch followed the course of brachial artery; entered the cubital fossa and divided into radial and ulnar artery. The left upper limb showed a normal arterial pattern Conclusion: The variations may not have affected the functioning of the upper limb in this female, but this rare variation highlights the need for awareness and knowledge of arterial anomalies in surgical planning, regional anesthesia, trauma management and imaging interpretation. Hence detailed anatomical knowledge can help to avoid iatrogenic injuries and improve outcomes.