Background: Gender inequality in the nursing workforce is still a big issue, especially in rural areas such as Osmanabad, Maharashtra. Even though nursing is a profession dominated by women, women are still confronting systemic obstacles to leadership, to pay equity, and to a safe workplace. These differences are exacerbated by cultural standards, restricted institutional assistance, and a lack of resources in rural health care facilities. Objectives: Considering the background, this study is planned to look into the magnitude of gender inequality of nurses in the district of Osmanabad. More specifically, these aims will: identify gender differences in recruiting, role assignment, and career advancement; measure acts of violence and the effect of perceptions of unsafe work settings; provide practical strategies to move toward gender equity within rural nursing. Methods: The present study was conducted using a mixed methods approach with both quantitative and qualitative data generation. Stratified purposive sampling was employed to select a sample of 60 registered nurses working at PHCs, CHCs, and the District Hospital, Osmanabad. Information was collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The quantitative data were processed with SPSS, and the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Female nurses were predominantly represented, although not in leadership roles, and female nurses were significantly underpaid compared with their male colleagues. Women experienced workplace violence more often compared to night shifts. Emotional exhaustion, professional inertia, and a wish for change were depicted in qualitative accounts. Conclusions: Sex disparities in the nursing workforce existed in Osmanabad and are indicative of wider systemic imbalances in rural health care. Overcoming these inequalities through enabling policies, mentorship programs, and community engagement is crucial in strengthening nursing and healthcare. The report highlights the requirement for gender transformative interventions suitable for rural areas.

Molybdenum Complex with organic ligand is compound of great theoretical and practical interest especially valuable as model systems for biochemical process. Moreover, dithiocarbamate ligand is known to form stable Complex with many Transition metals. Interest in Complex arises because of its versatile structure of Biological activity. The Mo (V) Complex was optimized and a description of the structural parameters is given. Finally the complex was examined as potential antimicrobial agents.

Background: Blood transfusions, crucial for emergency obstetric care, can significantly reduce maternal mortality rates. Obstetric transfusions are often urgent and unpredictable. Common emergencies include hemorrhages from ectopic pregnancy, abortions, and placenta previa. Transfusion rates vary globally, with 0.2%-3.2% in high-resource countries and higher in low-resource areas. Despite their benefits, transfusions carry risks such as allergic reactions and infection transmission. Aim of the study: The study aims to ascertain the indications and risk factors associated with blood transfusions in obstetric and gynecological patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, analyzed indications and risk factors for blood transfusions in obstetrics and gynecology patients over one year. It included 115 women, with 110 obstetrics and 5 gynecology patients. Inclusion criteria covered women undergoing cesarean sections, vaginal deliveries, or other gynecological treatments and those with obstetric complications like postpartum hemorrhage. Exclusion criteria included women needing transfusions after seven days postpartum or with congenital bleeding disorders. Result: The majority of participants (66.96%) were aged 21-30, with 85.22% from low socioeconomic backgrounds. The mean BMI was 22.55±4.07. Most women (69.57%) were in the 31-40 weeks gestational age range. Multigravida and primigravida were 51.30% and 44.35%, respectively. Over half (57.6%) were not booked for antenatal care. Cesarean sections were the most common delivery method (60.87%). Vaginal delivery was the most frequent intervention (33.91%). Blood transfusion was mainly due to postpartum anemia (39.13%). Packed cell volume was the most transfused product (62.28%). Most (94.78%) had no transfusion reactions, with urticarial rash in 2.61% of cases. Conclusion: The study found that blood transfusions in obstetrics and gynecology are mainly due to severe anemia, postpartum hemorrhage, and complications like placenta previa and DIC. Most transfusions occurred in women aged 21-30, primarily multigravida and unbooked patients, indicating a need for better antenatal care. Packed cell volume was the most common blood product used.

The aim of this study is to establish the relationship that may exist between efficiency and style of time among physical education teacher. Validation of two questionnaires, (teacher efficiency scale and time style scale) has been made by factor analysis and calculation of the Alpha of Cronbach that which ensures their reliability. 238 physical education teacher in college and secondary schools in Sfax governorates had responded on the two questionnaires. Results show that it exists a positive relationship between physical education teacher efficacy (global (GTE) and personal efficacy (PTE)) and time style perceived according to tenacity (TENA), future perception (FUT) and past perception (PASS), in such a way teacher efficacy and time style perceived evolved in a parallel way.

Background: The adoption of digital resources and tools at the secondary level has been a popular strategy for improving student engagement and achievement. In rural and semi-urban districts such as Osmanabad, in Maharashtra, the use of technology like smartboards, e-learning, and the blended classroom model is an indication of the educational opportunity and systemic challenge at the same time. This research aims to understand how these tools impact students’ learning within the context of the localized educational and infrastructural realities of the area. Objective: This study aimed to explore the academic influence of three main digital interventions, viz, smartboards, e-learning apps, and blended classrooms in the secondary education of students (Grades 9-10) in the Osmanabad District. It attempted to determine the effectiveness of these tools and the contextual factors that mediated their success, including the accessibility, teacher facilitation, and student motivation. Methods: Using a qualitative-descriptive method, data were generated via semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers and 80 students, and 6 non-participant classroom observations in 6 schools. The method of thematic analysis was adopted to aggregate repetitive patterns and draw an interpretive understanding. Results: It shows the smartboards facilitated concept applications and active student participation, especially in Mathematics and Science. E-learning applications were valuable to students as they enabled self-based learning, albeit constrained by access deprivation. Mixed classrooms proved to be the best model, mixing flexibility with ongoing contact with the teacher. Yet digital inequity, poor infrastructure, and differences in pedagogical preparedness determined these on the whole. Conclusion: In summary, digital learning tools have the potential to significantly boost academic outcomes, but the payoff is greatest when the tools are pedagogically integrated, equitably available, and supported by trained educators. The findings of this study have implications for policy interventions that need to strike a balance between the advancement of technology and human-centred support for learning, particularly in underprivileged areas such as Osmanabad.

Profiling and selection of judokas implies adequate analysis of anthropometric characteristics and physical status. Based on good detection, analysis and projection of these parameters, it is possible to define the athlete model, where the scope and nature of anthropometric profiling depend on the primary purpose of measurement. Most often, the identification of talent or the orientation of athletes to morphologically appropriate disciplines depends on the identification of relatively unchanging characteristics, comparing them with reference data. Profiling includes skin folds, circumference, length and width of bones, body composition. To monitor morphological adaptation, the focus should be on variable characteristics, such as muscle mass and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Our competitor had a higher body height (186 cm), body weight (118.6 kg), muscle mass (70.4 kg), water percentage (47.6%), higher fat percentage (37.5%). The results lead to the conclusion that it is an endo-mesomorphic somatotype with significant ectomorphism, where adipose tissue with synchronization of motor abilities proved to be a favorable and not a disruptive factor of the result success.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, often linked to weight gain and metabolic issues. Managing weight effectively reduces PCOS symptoms and enhances reproductive and metabolic health. This study seeks to assess the effects of a structured weight management program on clinical and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. Methods: This pre-and post-observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, from January 2016 to December 2019. A total of 200 women diagnosed with PCOS are included in this study. Data were collected before and after a 12-week intervention focused on lifestyle modification, including dietary counselling and physical activity. Anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic variables were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 25.0). Paired t-tests were used to compare pre-and post-intervention outcomes, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Significant post-intervention improvements were observed in the metabolic, hormonal, menstrual, and psychological parameters in women with PCOS. Reductions were noted in fasting glucose (4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L), insulin (10.4 ± 3.8 μU/mL), and total testosterone (1.8 ± 0.3 nmol/L). Ovulation frequency increased (3.2 ± 1.7 cycles/year), while depression and anxiety scores significantly declined (p < 0.01 across parameters). Conclusion: A structured weight management approach effectively enhances clinical symptoms and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS. These results highlight the significance of lifestyle intervention as a primary treatment strategy in managing PCOS.

This study examined the relationship between opportunity-sensing capability and entrepreneurial mindset of domestic airlines in Nigeria. The study adopted an explanatory cross sectional survey research design which was carried out at the organizational level of analysis. The population of this study was the nine (9) operational scheduled domestic airline operators in Nigeria. The managers involved were: Station Manager, Cabin Service Manager, Director of Airline Services, Operations Manager and Regional Manager. The study adopted the entire population as a census. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using the Cronbach alpha reliability instrument with all items scoring above 0.70. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient was utilized to establish the level of relationship as hypothesized with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between opportunity sensing capability and entrepreneurial mindset of domestic airlines in Nigeria. It was concluded that opportunity sensing capability supports entrepreneurial mindset of domestic airlines in Nigeria. It was recommended that Domestic airlines must engage in opportunity sensing behaviours such as new exploration, support new ideas, experiment, and stimulate creativity, and must seize business opportunities in the market proactively and obtain first-mover advantages by entering unexplored domains.

Background: Upper lumbar disc herniation (ULDH), affecting the L1–L2 and L2–L3 levels, is relatively uncommon but often presents with atypical symptoms, making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Given its proximity to the conus medullaris and the narrower spinal canal in the upper lumbar region, even small disc herniations can produce significant neurological deficits. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcomes of patients with ULDH treated at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Method: A retrospective review was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed with ULDH and treated surgically at a Tertiary Medical College Hospital in Bangladesh from January 2020 to December 2020. Patient data including demographics, presenting symptoms, radiological findings, surgical technique, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. All patients underwent microdiscectomy or laminectomy based on clinical and radiological findings. Follow-up was conducted for six months postoperatively. Results: The mean age was 52.4 ± 11.6 years, with a male predominance (61%). Most patients presented with anterior thigh pain (78%), lower limb weakness (42%), and bladder dysfunction (12%). The most common disc level affected was L2–L3 (67%). Microdiscectomy yielded better recovery in patients with isolated disc herniation, while laminectomy was used for calcified or migrated discs. Significant improvement in VAS and ODI scores was noted postoperatively (p < 0.001). Only 5% of patients developed complications such as dural tear or superficial wound infection. Conclusion: ULDH, though rare, presents unique diagnostic and surgical challenges. Early surgical intervention tailored to the disc pathology results in favorable neurological and functional outcomes. Recognizing its atypical symptoms and imaging findings is crucial for timely and effective treatment.

This study aims to describe parenting patterns, family socioeconomic status, language skills and social development of children and analyze the effect; (1) Parenting patterns for children's language skills; (2) Family socioeconomic status on children's language skills; (3) Parenting patterns on children's social development; (4) Family socio-economics on children's social development; (5) language skills on children's social development; (6) Parenting patterns through language skills on children's social development; (7) Family socio-economics through language skills on children's social development. Using this type of quantitative research with research samples totaling 155 children with an age range of 5-6 years. The results of the study show: (1) that people's parenting tends to use democratic parenting, Family socioeconomic status tends to be in the moderate category, children's language skills and social behavior are classified as starting to develop, there are influences: (2) parenting patterns on children's language skills are 0.223; (3) family socioeconomic status on children's language skills is 0.170; (3) parenting on children's social development is 0.188; (4) family socio-economics on children's social development by 0.199; (5) language skills on children's social development by 0.183; there is no direct influence: (6) parenting through language skills on children's social development; (7) socio-economic family through language skills on children's social development.

The focus of this research is the actual economic development of Arunachal Pradesh prior to 2021. The research has a three-fold focus: (a) the nature of the economy at the sectoral level; (b) the level of economic development across districts; and (c) the factors that are empirically found to promote economic development. The research uses secondary data that is collected from official sources such as NITI Aayog, Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI) in order to identify changes in GSDP at constant prices, contributions of sectors to the economy as a whole, and per capita income. It also employs an econometric framework to measure the impacts of the infrastructure, amount of public resources expended, and output by sectors. The research determined that there has been moderate but steady real economic growth in the state due to the service sector growing as a whole and due to a combination of increased investment by the state in the form of public investment. However, major inter-district differences and industrial structure impediments continue to exist. The research concludes by offering viable policy alternatives to promote sustainable and inclusive economic growth in Arunachal Pradesh.

The teacher is the main component that determines the quality of the education process. Therefore, teacher performance becomes the main aspect that is of concern to everyone. In this case, the principal has an important role as the spearhead to improve teacher performance. This can be done through his leadership which can create a conducive work culture and create a good working environment. This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) Principal transformational leadership, work culture, work environment and teacher performance; (2) the influence of transformational leadership on work culture; (3) the influence of transformational leadership on the work environment; (4) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance; (5) the influence of work culture on teacher performance; (6) the influence of the work environment on teacher performance; (7) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture; (8) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through the work environment. This research uses descriptive-quantitative research method. The number of samples in this study were 115 teachers. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire that has fulfilled the validity and reliability test requirements. Analysis of the data to test the hypothesis using path analysis. Based on the results of this study it was found that there is a direct influence of: (1) principal transformational leadership on a work culture of 0.832, (2) principal transformational leadership on a work environment of 0.957, (3) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance of 0.847, ( 4) work culture on teacher performance of 0.752, (5) work environment on teacher performance of 0.798, (6) indirect influence of principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture of 0.626, (7) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work environment of 0.762. The conclusion of the research is that there is an influence of the principal's transformational leadership, work culture and work environment on the performance of public high school teachers throughout the city of Banjarbaru. It is recommended for principals to optimize the role of leadership through transformational leadership in order to improve work culture, work environment and teacher performance. Teachers are expected to always improve their performance, especially in the teaching and learning process.

The demands of the twenty-first century have reshaped expectations for STEM education, highlighting the need for approaches that emphasize active participation, critical thinking, and interdisciplinary problem-solving. This paper examines the integration of active learning and inquiry-based science education (IBSE) as a strategy to enhance student engagement and achievement across STEM disciplines. Drawing exclusively from secondary sources published in 2021 or earlier, the study synthesizes theoretical foundations, instructional supports, and empirical outcomes associated with these pedagogies. The 5E instructional model and use of digital technologies are explored as effective frameworks for inquiry implementation, while formative assessment is presented as a tool for supporting student learning and reflection. Key enablers such as teacher professional development, curriculum alignment, and institutional support are discussed, along with evidence illustrating improvements in inquiry skills, especially in data interpretation and experimental design. The paper also highlights challenges, including limited progress in hypothesis formulation and systemic barriers to sustained implementation. Findings suggest that when active learning and inquiry-based approaches are embedded intentionally and supported adequately, they significantly enhance the quality and equity of STEM education. Recommendations are offered for expanding access to inquiry-rich instruction and fostering a culture of curiosity, reflection, and scientific reasoning in classrooms.

This study investigated the histological and biochemical effects of G. kola and T.conophorum extracts, in diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical and LD50 of the extracts were determined. Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 – 200 g were divided into 6 groups (n =6). Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control while groups 3 – 6 were diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight (bw)), G. kola (548 mg/kg bw), T. conophorum (524 mg/kg bw) and combined (G. kola and T. conophorum) respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anaesthesized and with cardiac puncture, blood was obtained for biochemical studies while the kidneys were harvested for the histological analysis. Glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FBG from 22.10 ± 1.65 mmol/L to 4.48 ± 0.29 mmol/L, G. kola from 22.04 ± 4.06 mmol/L to 7.40 ± 2.41 mmol/L, T. conophorum from 14.26 ± 2.38 mmol/L to 5.98 ± 0.57 mmol/L, and combined from 17.54 ± 1.72 mmol/L to 11.58 ± 2.11 mmol/L. G. kola significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the urea and raised the chloride and creatinine levels. T. conophorum significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the urea and increased the sodium and chloride levels, while the combined treatment significantly lowered the urea and raised the sodium levels. The plant extracts significantly attenuated the alterations in the kidneys. It may be concluded that the combined administration of G. kola and T. conophorum extracts and their single treatments showed hypoglycaemic and nephroprotective effects.

Introduction: Comprehensive management of TMJ ankylosis including restoration of form, function and aesthetics is a challenging aspect for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon. Various treatment modalities have been reported in the literature with their merits, demerits and diverse success rate. Materials and Method: We report our experience in reconstruction of Ramal Condylar Unit (RCU) in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients in a retrospective review. A total of 06 cases of TMJ ankylosis were included in the review. The cases were managed in our tertiary care centre from June 2019 to June 2020. Demographic distribution of the patients, preoperative findings, surgical modalities used for RCU reconstruction and postoperative outcome were recorded and compared. Results: Average mouth opening increased from 8.5 mm pre-operatively to 29.5 mm 3 months postoperatively. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type I and II ankylosis were managed by interpositional gap arthroplasty using temporalis myofascial flap. 01 case of Sawhney’s type I ankylosis was managed by gap arthroplasty interposed with dermis-fat graft. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type III ankylosis were managed by osteoarthrectomy and reconstruction of RCU by costochondral graft. In 01 case with Sawhney’s type III ankylosis, functional joint was reconstructed using distraction osteogenesis. We encountered 01 case of recurrence in a case managed by costochondral grafting. Conclusion: Amongst the various modalities suggested in the literature, the RCU reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis and costochondral grafting provide best result functionally and aesthetically. The diagnosis, timely management and post-operative follow up are the key to success in TMJ ankylosis.