Background: Chronic liver disease denotes the disease of the liver which lasts over a period of 6 months or more. The serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG) is a formula that is used to assist in determining the etiology of ascites. It is also used in detecting ascites of portal hypertension in the adult population. We don’t have any research-based information regarding the correlation between serum ascites albumin gradient and endoscopic parameters of portal hypertension in chronic liver disease. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between serum ascites albumin gradient and endoscopic parameters of portal hypertension in chronic liver disease. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2005 to December 2005. In total 50 patients with cirrhosis with ascites with high SAAG values (>1.1 gm/dl) were included as the study people. The age of the patients was 15 to 70 years. Both males and females were included in the study. All data were entered into a personal computer, thoroughly checked for any possible error, and then processed and analyzed by the SPSS program. The significance of the test was tested by the chi-square test. P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Correlation analysis was done by the Pearson correlation test. Result: In this study, there were three SAAG groups. In SAAG group 1.10-1.49gm/dl, 53.33% of patients had mild grades of PNG, and 33.33% of patients had a severe grade of PNG. In the SAAG group, 1.50-1.99 gm/dl, 44.44% of patients had mild grade and 33.33% had a severe grade of PNG and in the SAAG group >2 gm/dl, 42.30% had mild grade and 49.99% had a severe grade of PNG. But there had not been any significant correlation among the groups regarding SAAG values and PHTN grades because the p-value was greater than 0.05. Conclusion: It was shown in this study that, oesophageal varices were present in 49 patients, sensitivity was 98%; portal hypertensive gastropathy in 44 patients, sensitivity 88%, and both oesophageal varices and gastropathy in 43 patients, sensitivity 86%. So high SAAG value can be used as an indicator of the presence of portal hypertensive changes especially oesophageal varices and gastropathy in the upper gastrointestinal tract. A weak positive correlation was found in this study between SAAG values and grades of oesophageal varices (r=0.358, p=0.011) and gastropathy (r-0.139, p--0.33) but no correlation was found between SAAG and gastric varices (p=0.4).

Objectives: Using the method of meta-analysis to compares and analyzes the development characteristics of children’s FMS in countries with different development levels from the perspective of gender. Methods: We searched the PubMed, EBSCOhost, Embase and Web of Science databases for studies published up to April 5, 2021, empirical studies on the FMS of children aged 3-6 were included. Two researchers independently screened and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for meta-analysis to analyze the mastery level of global children’s FMS. Results: Finally, 18 articles were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that whether in developed or developing countries, there was no statistical significance in comparing the locomotor skill scores of boys and girls (all P > 0.05); however, both in developed countries and developing countries, the scores of object control skills generally appears that boys are better than girls (Developed: 0.48 [95% CI 0.40, 0.56], Z=11.74, P＜0.05, I2=0%; Developing: 0.53 [95% CI 0.30, 0.76], Z=4.53, P＜0.05, I2=81%). Conclusion: From the perspective of gender, the developmental characteristics of FMS in children showed consistent patterns in countries with different development levels. There is no difference in the mastery of locomotor skills among children of different genders, but there is a significant difference in the mastery of object control skills, and boys are significantly better than girls.

This research studied the negative effects of corrosion attack on steel reinforcement in a marine environment with a high concentration of salt (sodium chloride) by the use of exudate/resins that was applied directly to the steel reinforcement through coatings of different thicknesses and embedded in concrete beams, and checked for suitability as a corrosion protection agent. The maximum value obtained of flexural load tests for controlled is 26.65% as compared to the value of -18.23% and 26.4% for the corroded and coated samples were examined for comparison of the flexural strength test. The results showed lower deformation loads in controlled and coated specimens with reduced values over corroded specimens with higher deformation in comparison with reference ranges (controlled). The calculated mean differential and percentile values were checked (0.03kN and 0.23%), corrosion values (0.030kN and 0.21%) and coating values (0.02kN and 0.21%). The results showed that the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel with a decrease in diameter reduced the average and percentage of samples corroded, while the controlled and coated samples showed a preserved state due to coating due to an increase in diameter different layer thickness with exudates/resin The cross-sectional area of reinforcing steel shows a different mean value and percentile value of the corroded value (0.01 mm and 0.02%) and the coated value (0.05 mm and 2.69%). Differentially, the calculated mean and percentage values of yield strength and tensile strength are (2.13 MPa and 0.97%) and (3.435 MPa and 0.08%) and were examined, the corroded values were (3.44 MPa and 0.86%) and (4.548 MPa and 0.08%), the values of coated are (2.13MPa and 0.97%) and (4.736MPa and 0.09%). From the data obtained and compared, the yield strength and tensile strength values of the corroded samples showed a decrease in the average and percentage values for load failure with lower load applications. Comparison ratios obtained for deformation the maximum values calculated for the mean and percentile values for the controlled were -0.6% against the corroded and closed values of 1.22% and -0.29%. The difference between the mean and percentage values obtained for the control was (0.02 and 0.91%), corroded values (0.02 and 0.93%), and coated values (0.02 and 0.91%). The maximum comparison value for the controlled sample was -31.32% compared to the corroded and coated samples of 63.75% and 31.6%, respectively. The mean differential and percentile values obtained for the controlled samples were (1.69% and 7.34%), corrosion values (1.2% and 17.55%) and coated values were 1.69% and 7.33%). In comparison, the corroded samples showed higher stress values and higher elongation rates, whereas the damaged state of coated samples was lower load and reduced elongation.

This study investigated the potential use Pycnanthus angolensis (African/false nutmeg) exudates/resin as inhibitive materials against corrosion of reinforcing steel founded in the high salinity region. The accelerated corrosion test is an impress current technique, an effective technique for examining the corrosion process of steel in concrete and for assessing damage to the concrete cover protection to the steel bar and mechanical properties if steel bar modifications. The maximum yields obtained from the controlled and coated samples were -110.49mV and -114.7mV, which indicate the relationship between corrosion potential and probability in the reference range 𝐸corr > −200mV; For uncoated samples, the maximum calculated value is -317.5mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between corrosion potential and probability of −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicates a high-value range of 10% or indicates the possibility of unsafe corrosion. The maximum value calculated from the concrete resistance of the controlled sample concrete is 34.33% as compared to the corroded and coated values of 36.6% and 58.32% and the maximum difference percentage of control is 0.4% compared to the corroded and coated value of 0.24% and 0.59%. The results of controlled samples coated with concrete resistance obtained the maximum mean values of 12.47kΩcm and 14.68kΩcm with a description of the value 10 < 𝜌 < 20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 9.31kΩcm with Specifications 5 < 𝜌 < 10 (high). The calculated yield strength maximum percentage value of the controlled yield strength was 3.56% compared to the corroded and coated values -4.88% and 5.34% and the possible difference values of 0.49% controlled, 0.19% corroded, and 0.21% covered. The calculated maximum percentage of the controlled ultimate tensile strength is 3.34% relative to corrosion and the coating value is -5.02% and 5.41% and the possible difference value is 0.12% controlled, 0.11% corroded and 0.12% coated. The maximum calculated strain ration percentage for comparison checked up to -5.86% versus corroded 6.06% and coated -5.83% and different peak values checked up to 0.04%, corroded 0.0079%, and coated 0.08% The comparison results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which damage the reinforcing steel fibers, ribs, and passive formation and surface modification. The observed mean values for the coated samples were associated with the corrosion resistance potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel with the formation of a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the efficiency and effectiveness of the exudate/resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects. of reinforced concrete structures exposed to the edges of strong, high salinity marine areas. The decrease of cross-sectional area in mean and percentage values indicates that the corrosion effect causes a decrease in diameter and cross-sectional area, fiber degradation, rib reduction and surface modification, while the exudate/resin-coated elements are validated in the work due to differences in coating thickness. For comparison the results obtained of unit rebar weight loss/gain steel showed a reduction of mean and percentile values for coatings from 0.063 kg to 0.05 kg and corrosion 29.17% to -20.97% and the aggregate results show that the corrosion effect causes a reduction in weight/reduction of the corroded sample compared to the percentile layer and an increase in mean, resulting in a slight increase in volumearound the layer thickness. This study shows the efficacy and effectiveness of exudate/resin as an anti-corrosion anti-corrosion material in reinforcing steel embedded in samples of concrete slabs exposed to induced corrosion.

Background: Internet is an important tool of modern society used frequently for communication and information sharing and become an integral part of the daily lives for every one even child. Internet addiction in children is a mental disorder that negatively affects their life and their health. Aim: to assess negative health effects on addiction of internet among primary schools students in Zagazig city. Design: A Cross-sectional descriptive design. Setting: at six primary schools, at Zagazig city. Subjects: 300 students were selected using a multistage random sample technique. Tools: Interview Questionnaire sheet, Internet Addictive Behavior Scale, Negative Health Effects of Internet Use and Knowledge related to internet. Results: the mean age of the students was 17.2±0.824, 76.80% of them were highly internet addicted and the majority of related contributed risk factors for being addicted to internet were Online gaming internet, Entertainments ,Build relationships with others , and Using social networks, with percentage (99%, 95.3%, 88.6%, and 84.6%) respectively, there were highly statistical significance relation between total internet addiction degree and contributed risk factors to internet addiction regarding difficulties to relate socially, availability/ accessibility to use internet , using social networks at (p-value = 0.02*). Also, 75.7% of them had unsatisfactory total knowledge score related to internet addiction. Additionally there were highly statistically significant positive correlation among students total score of total internet addiction and total negative health effects of internet addiction (r =.0638**), Conclusion: most of the students had high degree of internet addiction, also they were highly negatively affected on their physical, social, cultural, economic, and psychological health related to excessive internet use. Recommendations: organize training programs involving parents, schools, social workers and psychologists of educational organization to raise public awareness on proper Internet use and increase awareness among primary students about Internet addiction and its negative health effects.

The study examined the use and potency of extruded exudates/resins obtained from tree trunks. The gummy exudates/resins were applied directly to the steel reinforcement by the coatings varying their thicknesses and embeddings them into concrete beams, and studying their possible effects as an inhibitor to corrosion attacks on reinforcing steel of concrete structures built within the coastal marine region with highly acidic nature. From the flexural strength test, the maximum value was 24.64% compared to the corroded and coated sample values of -18.46% and 24.41%, respectively and the average differential and percentile range controlled (2.25kN and 2.01%), corroded (0.66kN and 1.16%), coated (2.09kN and 1.77%). The results illustrated that the reference percentage of controlled samples according to [30] was placed in fresh water and no corrosion effect was observed and was therefore used as a reference value for uncoated and coated samples immersed in a corrosive environment as described in the test program. The calculated average differential and percentile values were checked (0.01mm and 0.009%), corrosion values (0.01mm and 0.063%) and closed values (0.01mm and 0.069%). The results illustrated the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel with a decrease in diameter, as well as a decrease in the average value and the percentage recorded from the corrosion samples, while the controlled and coated samples illustrated preserved conditions with increasing layers of different diameters of exudates/resin layer thickness. The cross-sectional area of reinforcing steel after corrosion test gives different average and percentile values of corroded values (0.02 mm and 4.84%) and coated values (0.03 mm and 1.57%). The calculated maximum comparative values for both yield and ultimate tensile strength for the controlled samples were 9.66% and 3.54% to the corroded and coated values of -7.45% and -3.7%, coated values are 9.66% and 3.86%, respectively. From the data obtained and compared, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength values of the corroded samples illustrated a decrease in the average and percentage values for load failure with few applications. The average differential and percentile values obtained for the control were (0.01 and 1.4%), corrosion values (0.02 and 1.54%), and closed values (0.01 and 1.4%). The maximum elongation comparative value for the controlled sample was -12.92% compared to the corroded and coated sample of 20.62% and -23.82%, respectively. The average differential and percentile values obtained for the controlled samples were (0.83% and 0.77%), corrosion values (0.82% and 1.38%), and coated values (0.82% and 0.78%). In comparative, the corroded samples illustrated higher stress values and higher elongation rates, whereas the damaged state of coated samples was lower load and reduced elongation. The calculated data illustrated a decrease in the value of the corroded sample as a result of the corrosion attack, which led to a decrease in the registered weight, whereas the coated sample illustrated an increase in weight compared to the reference value of the controlled sample due to the different coating thicknesses.

Of late, world are getting change with the help of technology. Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) is such a technology which have swifter the changes as well as become familiar in every possible sector. Henceforth, WLANs are rapidly used in the education sector for its’ numerous advantages. Plenty of budget and planning are distributed for upholding digital skills amongst the students by using WLANs in the education especially higher education. But it is yet unidentified to the higher education authorities either WLANs effects’ good or bad on students. Present study has explored the usage and advantages of using WLANs in education sector from the context of the University of Dhaka. The study followed by convergent parallel mixed method (Creswell, 2012) using semi-structured interview schedule for the faculty member and administrative personnel, semi- structured questionnaire and FGD for the students. The data was analysed using both simple statistics e.g. percentage, average etc. and thematic analysis. Result of the study revealed that most of (in 18% cases) students use WLAN in campus for their entertainment. On the other hand, this study also discovered that students of Dhaka University get three major advantages e.g. (i) a platform for education, (ii) self-development and (iii) ‘By-product’ advantages in using on campus WLAN. Finally, some recommendations are provided on the basis of the findings.

Background: Psychiatric symptoms which constitute a major and growing public health problem of anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction often occur in patients suffering from somatic conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In Bangladesh, we have very little research-oriented information regarding these issues. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the association of anxiety and depression with asthma and COPD. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital from March 2018 to February 2019. A total of 160 cases of Asthma and COPD were enrolled in this study as study. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using Windows-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-23.0). Results: In this study in total 98 (61.3%) patients had COPD and 62 (38.7%) had asthma. Among 98 COPD patients 10 (10.2%) had mild, 29 (29.6%) had moderate, 40 (40.8%) had severe and 19 (19.4%) had very severe COPD. Among 62 asthmatic patients 22 (35.5%) had mild, 16 (25.8%) had moderate, 11 (17.7%) had severe and 13 (21.0%) had very severe asthma. Among total participants, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found 95.6±12.6, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 61.0±11.7 and the mean HADS score was found 12.1±1.5. In COPD patients, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found at 99.9±10.7, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 57.1±10.7 and the mean HADS score was found 11.8±1.3. On the other hand, in asthmatic patients, the mean Beck depression inventory score was found 88.8±12.4, the mean anxiety rating scale score was found 67.4±10.3 and the mean HADS score was found 12.6±1.7. Conclusion: We can conclude that the Beck depression inventory score, anxiety rating scale score, and HADS score were statistically significant when compared to the level of severity of COPD and asthma. Excluding other risk factors for anxiety and depression, still, COPD & asthma patients remain at risk of both anxiety and depression.

The research evaluated the potential occurrence of corrosion in an induced media assessing the coating of reinforcing steel with Boswellia dalzielii (Burseraceae) exudates/resin gotten from the trunk of trees, the coating varies in thicknesses, embedded in concrete slabs, and exposed to the high severed coastal marine environment with acidic content. The maximum stability value calculated concrete resistivity from the controlled concrete sample was 63.55% compared to the corroded and coated values -44.28% and 84.61%, and the maximum controlled differential percentile was 2.8% compared to the corroded and 1.55% values and 5.53% coverage. The test results of controlled and coated samples with concrete resistance got a maximum average value of 14.38kΩcm and 16.28kΩcm with a value of 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to a corrosion value of 8.85kΩcm with an indication of 5 < 10 (high) and the reference range of the relationship between concrete resistance and corrosion probability. The maximum obtained and corrosion potential values of the controlled and coated samples were -107.3mV and -121.5mV, indicating the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as 𝐸corr > −200mV as the reference range. The results of this potential Ecorr result show that the value of controlled and resin-coated samples is low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of reinforcing steel is observed during the measurement (10% risk of corrosion, which averages 10% for samples without coating obtained maximum value - 341.7mV, the result lies in the correlation reference value between the corrosion potential value −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicating a high range of values. The calculated maximum percentile ultimate tensile strength of controlled tensile strength is 2.06% compared to corrosion and coating values of 1.96% and 2.05%, and the possible differential values are 0.06% controlled, 0.01% corroded and 0.03 % coated. The calculated maximum percentile yield strength value of the controlled shear strength is 8.28% compared to the corroded and coated values of -7.61% and 8.28% and the controlled potential differential values are 0.05%, corrosion is 0.04% and 0.05% coated. The comparison results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the exposed (corroded) elements, which damage reinforcing steel fibers, ribs and passive formations and surface modifications. The avearge values observed for the coated samples relate to the corrosion resistance potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel to form a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the effectiveness and effectiveness of the exudate/resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects. exposed reinforced concrete structure on the edge of a strong sea area with high salinity. The maximum calculated percentile of corroded is 0.396% versus -1.17% and coated is 0.721%, the differential in the percentile of corrosion is 0.03% versus 0.003% coated. For comparison, the results of corroded samples showed reduction and reduction values compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after accelerated induction corrosion testing with a percentile decrease in value from 0.396% to -1.17% and an average value in the range of 11.93mm to 11.93mm. The differential in average and relative percentile between coated and corroded samples varied from 26.42% to -20.9%. The decrease in average and percentile values indicates that the corrosion effect has led to a reduction in diameter and cross-sectional area, fiber degradation, rib reduction and surface modification, while elements coated with exudates/resin confirm an increase in volume as thickness as there are shift differentials.

The study examined the use of exudates/resins from extracts of natural origin for environmentally friendly materials derived from tree trunks. Gummy exudates/resin was applied directly to the steel reinforcement by the coating of different thicknesses. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of exudates/resin against adverse attack on reinforcement embedded in concrete, exposed to the severe environment due to its waterproofing and resistance to surface modification of steel reinforcement and coating application. In the flexural strength test, the maximum value was 28.36% compared to the corroded and coated sample values of -20.02% and 28.37%, respectively. Mean differential and percentile range controlled (0.96kN and 3.07%), corroded (0.82kN and 2.08%), coated (1.13kN and 3.33%). The results of midspan deflection mean value and percentage difference were controlled (0.27kN and 1.66%), corroded (0.57kN and 4.61%), and coated (0.27kN and 1.68%). The results showed a lower elongation load in the controlled and coated samples with reduction values over the corroded samples with higher elongation loads and higher values compared to the reference range (controlled). The cross-sectional area of reinforcing steel recorded the mean differential values and calculated percentile values, corroded (0.06 mm and 5.21%) and coated values (0.05 mm and 7.12%). The results obtained showed the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel with a decrease in the diameter of the reinforcement in the corroded sample, while the coated sample showed an increase due to the thickness of the exudates paste layer. The differential computed average and percentile value of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength are controlled (5.31MPa and 1.16%) and (2.53MPa and 0.02%), the corroded values are (3.18MPa and 1.05%) and (2.53MPa and 0.02%), the coated values are (5.3MPa and 1.16%) and (2.53MPa and 0.02%). The percentages of maximum weight loss/gain for corroded and coated samples were -28.54% and 43.9%, respectively. The calculated data showed a decrease in the value of the corroded sample as a result of the corrosion attack, which led to a decrease in the registered weight, whereas the coated sample showed an increase in weight compared to the reference value of the controlled sample due to the different coating thickness.

The characterization of char from waste tyre pyrolysis is evaluated in this work. Disused tyres retrieved from vehicle users and dump hills in Akure and its environment in South West Nigeria were pyrolysed in a refurbished 17.4 litre capacity fixed-bed batch thermochemical reactor. The waste tyres were cut into sample sizes of 20 mm × 30 mm manually and then weighed into various portions of 1kg each. 1kg mass of the washed waste tyres was pyrolysed in each batch of pyrolysis experiment to obtain char at different pyrolysis temperatures of 250oC, 350oC, 450oC, and 600oC respectively. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the char resulting from the pyrolysis were carried out. The pyrolysis process produced char with an average of 83.30% carbon composition 5.45% hydrogen, 0.52% nitrogen, 1.17% sulphur and 1.90% oxygen composition. The analysis of percentage composition of the raw scrap tyre samples gave 79.86% for carbon, 7.35% hydrogen, 0.39% nitrogen, 1.57% for sulphur and 6.50% for oxygen. The ultimate analysis of the char resulting from pyrolysis gave an average value of 38.83 kJ/kg for the heating value and 470.00 kg/m3 for specific gravity. The average fixed carbon content was 33.38% while the volatile matters gave an average of 58.40%. The ultimate analysis of the raw tyre samples gave values of 36.10 kJ/kg for the heating value and 343.00 kg/m3 for specific gravity.

Self-confidence is an important foundation for everyone, especially for college students in developing their potential. The objective of this study is to improve the self-confidence of counseling students through modeling way information services. The research method used action research counseling guidance class; the sample of this research is 30 students using purposive sampling technique. From the results of research analysis that has been obtained that the research from the beginning of the pre-cycle to cycle II was carried out well. Students’ self-confidence through the modelling way information service increased significantly, as seen from the average percentage starting from pre-cycle 49.026%, cycle I 63.95% and cycle II 81.25%. This means that modeling way information services can increase students’ self-confidence.

Mucormycosis is an uncommon disease caused by fungus of the order Mucorales. The disease has an aggressive course with high morbidity and mortality. It usually affects immunocompromised patients with some systemic debility or some inciting factor like trauma or some invasive procedure. Rhinoorbitocerebral type is a common variety with a typical order of system involvement. The disease has diagnostic challenges due to non-specific presenting picture, non-specific radiological changes and non- specific diagnostic tests. Biopsy and histopathological examination form the definitive diagnosis. Early institution of systemic antifungal therapy with surgical debridement are the cornerstones in management. Particular rise in number of mucormycosis cases has been noted during COVID-19 pandemic. We present a case report of an immunocompetent child who presented during the early phase after first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, with an atypical presentation, with a progressive course, delayed diagnosis but an appropriate management and satisfactory outcome.

Background: This study aimed to determine patients’ perception of pain during scaling and determine its relationship with their level of dental anxiety. It also evaluated differences in the pain perception between genders and its relationship with age. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Periodontology Unit of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Supra-gingival scaling was performed on the six mandibular anterior teeth of 94 consenting participants. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to record the patient's pain level while the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to measure dental anxiety. Gender and age differences between Anxiety Scores and VAS was compared using Student’s unpaired t-test and ANOVA respectively. P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Females had higher overall Mean MDAS scores (12.87±4.79). Similarly, respondents aged 18-40years had higher Mean MDAS scores (12.00±4.65) than those aged 41-85years even though the association was not significant. Females also had higher OHI-S scores (2.57±1.22), Bleeding Index scores (48.57±39.38), Gingival Index (1.57±0.58) scores than males though the association was not significant. In addition, females had higher mean VAS scores (31.44±23.44) than males and those aged 18-40 years had higher mean VAS scores (31.44±23.44) than those aged 41-85 years though the association was not significant. Conclusion: Scaling and polishing was associated with higher pain and anxiety levels among females and younger respondents while patients with worse oral hygiene and gingival inflammation experienced more discomfort during the procedure. The proportion of patients that experienced severe pain increased with increased dental anxiety but the association was not significant. It is recommended that patients attending for scaling and polishing are screened with appropriate tools like MDAS while awaiting the procedure.

This research work investigated the application of Chrysophyllum albidum exudates/resin extracts as potential inhibitors in the control and prevention of corrosion attacks to reinforcing steel embedded in concrete slabs and are completely immersed in 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in water and accelerated for a rapid corrosion process for 360 days with interval checks and routine tests of 90 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 360 days for examination and record documentations for comparison of tested sample performances. The maximum yields of controlled and coated samples were -112.42 mV and -118.97 mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and opportunity in the reference range as 𝐸corr > −200mV and the uncoated samples, the calculated maximum value is -338.49 mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between corrosion potential and probability of −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicating a high-value range of 10% or an uncertain corrosion probability. The comparative results from the referencing range (controlled), showed that corroded samples exhibited corrosion presence resulting from the induced corrosion acceleration against coated samples that exhibited absence of corrosion. The results of the controlled concrete and armored resistance samples obtained at the maximum average value of 15.06kΩcm and 16.12kΩcm with a data value of 10 < 𝜌 < 20 (low) compared to a corrosion value of 9.82 k cm with a specification of 5 < 𝜌 < 10 (high). The calculated maximum percentage value of the controlled yield point is 7.05% relative to corrosion and coverage value -6.54% and 7.12% and the possible differential values of 0.02% controlled, 0.02% corroded, and 0 .15% covered. The percentage of maximum tensile strength calculated in the control is 2.39% relative to the corrosion and coating value -3.35% and 3.51% and the potential differential value is 0.04% controlled, 0.01% corroded and 0.04% coated. The yield strength, tensile strength, and deformation ratio of the mean, percentile, and controlled differential potential values, uncoated (corroded) and layered concrete slab samples were determined. , coated samples had higher breaking loads compared to corroded samples with reduced breakdown load and low load-bearing capacity and with mean and percentile values in relation to the reference range, whereas uncoated (corroded) samples, had a load-bearing capacity which is low and a reduced value compared to the reference range.For comparison, the results of corroded samples showed a decrease in value compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentage decrease in value from 0.428% to -1.48% and an average value in the range from 11.93 mm to 11. 88 mm.The differentials in mean values and relative percentiles between coated and corroded samples ranged from 69.57% to -41.03%. The decrease in mean and percentage values indicates that the corrosion effect causes a decrease in diameter and cross-sectional area, fiber degradation, rib reduction, and surface modification, while the exudate/resin-coated elements are validated in the work due to differential s in coating thickness. For comparison, the results obtained show a reduction/reduction and reduction of mean and percentile values for coatings with 0.070kg to 0.06kg and corrosion 7.81% to -5.8%. The summary results show that the corrosive effect had an impact on the rebar embedded in the concrete slab samples exposed to induced corrosion