The teacher is the main component that determines the quality of the education process. Therefore, teacher performance becomes the main aspect that is of concern to everyone. In this case, the principal has an important role as the spearhead to improve teacher performance. This can be done through his leadership which can create a conducive work culture and create a good working environment. This study aims to describe and analyze: (1) Principal transformational leadership, work culture, work environment and teacher performance; (2) the influence of transformational leadership on work culture; (3) the influence of transformational leadership on the work environment; (4) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance; (5) the influence of work culture on teacher performance; (6) the influence of the work environment on teacher performance; (7) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture; (8) the influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance through the work environment. This research uses descriptive-quantitative research method. The number of samples in this study were 115 teachers. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire that has fulfilled the validity and reliability test requirements. Analysis of the data to test the hypothesis using path analysis. Based on the results of this study it was found that there is a direct influence of: (1) principal transformational leadership on a work culture of 0.832, (2) principal transformational leadership on a work environment of 0.957, (3) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance of 0.847, ( 4) work culture on teacher performance of 0.752, (5) work environment on teacher performance of 0.798, (6) indirect influence of principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work culture of 0.626, (7) principal transformational leadership on teacher performance through work environment of 0.762. The conclusion of the research is that there is an influence of the principal's transformational leadership, work culture and work environment on the performance of public high school teachers throughout the city of Banjarbaru. It is recommended for principals to optimize the role of leadership through transformational leadership in order to improve work culture, work environment and teacher performance. Teachers are expected to always improve their performance, especially in the teaching and learning process.

Background: The adoption of digital resources and tools at the secondary level has been a popular strategy for improving student engagement and achievement. In rural and semi-urban districts such as Osmanabad, in Maharashtra, the use of technology like smartboards, e-learning, and the blended classroom model is an indication of the educational opportunity and systemic challenge at the same time. This research aims to understand how these tools impact students’ learning within the context of the localized educational and infrastructural realities of the area. Objective: This study aimed to explore the academic influence of three main digital interventions, viz, smartboards, e-learning apps, and blended classrooms in the secondary education of students (Grades 9-10) in the Osmanabad District. It attempted to determine the effectiveness of these tools and the contextual factors that mediated their success, including the accessibility, teacher facilitation, and student motivation. Methods: Using a qualitative-descriptive method, data were generated via semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers and 80 students, and 6 non-participant classroom observations in 6 schools. The method of thematic analysis was adopted to aggregate repetitive patterns and draw an interpretive understanding. Results: It shows the smartboards facilitated concept applications and active student participation, especially in Mathematics and Science. E-learning applications were valuable to students as they enabled self-based learning, albeit constrained by access deprivation. Mixed classrooms proved to be the best model, mixing flexibility with ongoing contact with the teacher. Yet digital inequity, poor infrastructure, and differences in pedagogical preparedness determined these on the whole. Conclusion: In summary, digital learning tools have the potential to significantly boost academic outcomes, but the payoff is greatest when the tools are pedagogically integrated, equitably available, and supported by trained educators. The findings of this study have implications for policy interventions that need to strike a balance between the advancement of technology and human-centred support for learning, particularly in underprivileged areas such as Osmanabad.

This study investigated the histological and biochemical effects of G. kola and T.conophorum extracts, in diabetic Wistar rats. Phytochemical and LD50 of the extracts were determined. Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 – 200 g were divided into 6 groups (n =6). Group 1 served as normal control, group 2 served as diabetic control while groups 3 – 6 were diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight (bw)), G. kola (548 mg/kg bw), T. conophorum (524 mg/kg bw) and combined (G. kola and T. conophorum) respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were anaesthesized and with cardiac puncture, blood was obtained for biochemical studies while the kidneys were harvested for the histological analysis. Glibenclamide significantly (p < 0.05) reduced FBG from 22.10 ± 1.65 mmol/L to 4.48 ± 0.29 mmol/L, G. kola from 22.04 ± 4.06 mmol/L to 7.40 ± 2.41 mmol/L, T. conophorum from 14.26 ± 2.38 mmol/L to 5.98 ± 0.57 mmol/L, and combined from 17.54 ± 1.72 mmol/L to 11.58 ± 2.11 mmol/L. G. kola significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the urea and raised the chloride and creatinine levels. T. conophorum significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the urea and increased the sodium and chloride levels, while the combined treatment significantly lowered the urea and raised the sodium levels. The plant extracts significantly attenuated the alterations in the kidneys. It may be concluded that the combined administration of G. kola and T. conophorum extracts and their single treatments showed hypoglycaemic and nephroprotective effects.

Introduction: Comprehensive management of TMJ ankylosis including restoration of form, function and aesthetics is a challenging aspect for Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon. Various treatment modalities have been reported in the literature with their merits, demerits and diverse success rate. Materials and Method: We report our experience in reconstruction of Ramal Condylar Unit (RCU) in temporomandibular joint ankylosis patients in a retrospective review. A total of 06 cases of TMJ ankylosis were included in the review. The cases were managed in our tertiary care centre from June 2019 to June 2020. Demographic distribution of the patients, preoperative findings, surgical modalities used for RCU reconstruction and postoperative outcome were recorded and compared. Results: Average mouth opening increased from 8.5 mm pre-operatively to 29.5 mm 3 months postoperatively. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type I and II ankylosis were managed by interpositional gap arthroplasty using temporalis myofascial flap. 01 case of Sawhney’s type I ankylosis was managed by gap arthroplasty interposed with dermis-fat graft. 02 cases of Sawhney’s type III ankylosis were managed by osteoarthrectomy and reconstruction of RCU by costochondral graft. In 01 case with Sawhney’s type III ankylosis, functional joint was reconstructed using distraction osteogenesis. We encountered 01 case of recurrence in a case managed by costochondral grafting. Conclusion: Amongst the various modalities suggested in the literature, the RCU reconstruction with distraction osteogenesis and costochondral grafting provide best result functionally and aesthetically. The diagnosis, timely management and post-operative follow up are the key to success in TMJ ankylosis.

Objective: Describe the characteristics of patients admitted to the otolaryngology emergency department for an episode of epistaxis and analyze epidemiological, clinical, endoscopic data between the two groups in order to establish a model that predicts the risk factors associated to epistaxis. Methods: prospective study including 161 adult patients spread over a month in the department of otolaryngology; interesting two groups; patients who had epistaxis (group 1) and those who had another emergency (control group = group 2) in the same study period .A comparison was made of age, sex, time of consultation, surgical or traumatic history, taking medication (anticoagulants, nasal corticoids), hemodynamic parameters at admission (blood pressure, pulse, hemoglobin). Intergroup variations were analyzed using t student and chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to establish a predictive model of occurrence of epistaxis. Results: Univariate logistic regression confirmed that the occurrence of epistaxis was associated with male gender, consultation during the night, an history of High Blood pressure (BP) or Coagulopathy, a high Mean systolic BP, a high Mean diastolic BP, high Cardiac frequency or a low Hemoglobin level at admission. According to the multivariate logistic analysis, the predictive factors of epistaxis despite were: male gender (OR =0.089, 95% CI [0.008-0.978], p = 0.048), history of high blood pressure (OR = 0.009, 95% CI [0.00-0.236], p = 0.005). Furthermore, the multivariate analysis excluded the effect of age, history of cardiovascular disease, or anticoagulants. Conclusion: The only predictive factors of epistaxis were male gender, and arterial Hypertension.

This research Paper represents a recent use of the extended local binary pattern for face recognition. Extended Local Binary Pattern (ELBP) Technique is more accurate and describes the texture and shape of a digital image by using of 3*3 & 5*5 matrices we have to compare the performance of both matrices so that how we recognize the image. Variance help to measure continuous output where the quantization is needed. By dividing an image into several small region from which the feature are extracted. If match is found then image face is recognized otherwise if match does not found then image face is not recognized. If we saw at the mirror we can see that our face has different type of human expression. These are the peak and valley that make up the different facial features.

Teacher’s Work Performance is the main factor in learning process, in other word, when there is an improvement in the quality of education, it cannot be separated from the teacher’s role as the main factor in the whole educational process. There are a lot of factors that has important roles in giving contribution to this work performance, for example: Transformational Leadership factor, Work Environment, and Job Satifaction. The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect relationship between Principal Transformational Leadership, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction with Teacher Performance at Public Elementary Schools in Mataraman District, Banjar Regency. This study uses a descriptive-quantitative research method. The number of samples used for this study is 118 teachers. The instrument for data collection is questionnaire that already fulfills the requirement of validity and reability test. The data analysis for testing the correlations in this study uses Path Analysis (Analisis Jalur). According to this study, it is shown that there is a direct correlation between: (1) principal’s transformational leadership and teacher’s work performance by 0.479, (2) principal’s transformational leadership and job satisfaction by 0.506, (3) work environment and teacher’s work performance by 0.588, (4) work environment and job satisfaction by 0.633, (5) job satisfaction and teacher’s work performance by 0.627, (6) principal’s transformational leadership and teacher’s work performance through job satisfaction by 0.317, (7) work environment and teacher’s work performance through job satisfaction by 0.397. The conclusion of this study is that there is a correlation between Principal’s Transformational Leadership, Work Environment, Job Satisfaction and Teacher’s Work Performances at State Elemantary Schools in Mataraman District, Banjar Regency. It is recommended for the Principals that this research can be used as an input for a consideration to improve and increase the leadership behavior/role at school in order to make an improvement in work environment either physical or non-physical, job satisfaction which will have effects to the improvement of teacher’s work performance. For the teachers, it is expected that this study can be a self-reflection and as an input to create a profuctive working environment, improve job satisfaction and work performance.

Background: Choosing the specialty considered a problem for many dental students. Multiple factors affect their future decision regarding their gender, clinical skills, desire or interest, and family or relative influence. Most of the previous studies reported that the most popular specialties chosen were orthodontics and oral maxillofacial surgery. Moreover, the importance of establishing a mentoring program that guides the dental students to make the right choice according to their own desire, to get more stable and life-long statistician. Aim of the study: identify the different influencing factors that affect future decision-making about dental specialties post-dental graduation. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at UQUDENT in Makkah, KSA. The sample size collected from total population is 251students, 51.2% from male students and 48.8% from female. The data will collect by using self-administration; structured survey included close ended questions. The data was entered and analysed by using multiple software programs. Results: we found that the private practice was the most preferable future practice plan among the dental students. In addition, the majority of dental students show great interest in restorative dentistry. The strongest influencing factor among the students was personal desire/interest, and the lowest was Influence of family or relative.

Ticks are a significant impediment to the establishment of cattle production units in West Africa, notably in Côte d'Ivoire. A research was conducted at the Yamoussoukro Dairy Station from April to July 2020 to help in the battle against ticks and tick-borne diseases. A total of 1560 ticks were collected from cattle at the indicated station, subdivided into three genera (Boophilus, Amblyomma, and Hyalomma) and four species (R. (B) microplus, R. (B) annulatus, A. variegatum, and H. truncatum). R. (B) microplus was the most prevalent species (48.08 %). The most common species (63.40 %), the most infesting (3.87 ticks/cattle), and the most active (6.10 ticks/cattle) among the cattle at the station were R. (B) microplus. The most common, most numerous (1.63 and 1.62 ticks/cattle), and most active (3.18 ticks/cattle) species among the N'Dama and Zebu were R. (B) microplus (52.73 %) and A. variegatum (50.91 %). The species R. (B) microplus and R. (B) annulatus infest Metis animals significantly. These species have the highest incidence of infection and severity of an attack. In terms of parasite intensity, there was a positive association between R. (B) microplus and R. (B) annulatus.

Background: To investigate the effect of physical activity and sports on the academic performance of higher education students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during the academic years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Methods: A 15-item internet-based survey was distributed among students - both members and non-members of Jeddah Runners Club (JRC) - studying in public and private universities in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The survey collected participants’ information such as demographic details, important habits, sport and physical activities, and GPA scores. Responses reached a total of (N=425) male %87.3 (N= 371) and female %12.7 (N=54) and the data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results: Results show that there is a significant negative linear relationship between the time students spend doing no physical activity and their GPA scores (β = -0.28, P<0.05). However, there is a statistically significant positive linear relationship between GPA scores and the time spent in sports or physical activity (β = 0.12, P<0.05). Similarly, the time students spend in sports or physical activity in their colleges also positively affects their academic performance (β = 0.10, P<0.05). Ultimately, the more time spent in doing sports or physical activity in or outside their colleges, the better they achieve in their academic performance. Conclusion: The more time spent in physical activity or sports in or outside colleges, the better academic performance will be. Public physical activities and sports are highly welcomed by the Saudi community. Saudi women have shown an increasing interest in doing public physical activities and sports.

Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of chronic metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and other related metabolic disturbances. It is caused either by relative/absolute insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action, or both. Due to delay in the diagnosis process, and fear of the disease and its investigative procedure by some patients, diabetes mellitus has become the major cause of death. The most commonly employed investigative procedure to diagnose diabetes mellitus and controlling glycemia is blood investigation. Unfortunately, the procedure is invasive, painful, and may cause discomfort to patients due to the need for frequent testing. Consequently, a noninvasive, much simpler, and painless procedure is very desirable. Saliva represents an attractive alternative sample and offers a distinct advantage as it can be collected noninvasively and easily without special skill, and is low cost. The present review has found more studies with a positive correlation between blood and salivary glucose concentrations than those with a negative correlation. The difference between these studies' findings may be attributed to the difference in study population and criteria of selection, samples (saliva and blood) collecting methods, analyzing methods, and influencing factors that should be considered before the test.

Introduction: Mortality from cervical cancer remains very high in Mali. The insufficient early detection of cervical cancer means that this disease still kills many women in our country and is a public health problem at the cost. The objective was to determine the place of visual tests, visual inspection after application of acetic acid (IVA) and lugol solution (IVL) in the context of the prevention and fight against cervical cancer at the level of the service. of gynecology at the Mali hospital in Bamako. Material and Methods: We carried out an exhaustive descriptive retrospective study over three (3) years between 2018 and 2019, including 2351 women who participated in the voluntary and free screening of precancerous lesions of the cervix at the level of the gynecology department at the Mali hospital. Results: IVA was positive in 4.8% of cases versus IVL positive in 5.2% of cases. The mean age of women was 38.66 ± 9.83 years. Out-of-school women were the most affected by the disease 80% of cases. The frequency of low-grade dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and high-grade dysplasia was 1.5%, respectively; 1.4%; 1.3%. The overall frequency of precancerous cervical lesions was 4.2%. Conclusion: Early detection of cervical cancer by IVA / IVL visual tests is an effective means of preventing and combating cervical cancer. Awareness should be intensified among the illiterate rural population in order to minimize the incidence of this disease in our country.

Background: To about 15% to 25% of early pregnancies have vaginal bleeding? Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy affects 50 % of pregnant women, although the event may be controlled in various methods that alleviate the woman's concern. Pregnancy-related vaginal bleeding should be taken carefully. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy might be a sign of an approaching miscarriage or a problem that requires immediate attention. If you know the most frequent reasons for vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, you will be able to act quickly and effectively. Methods: The study was a descriptive observational one with a sample size of 100 patients and was performed at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The study period was 15th July 2013 to 16th January 2014. Results: Among the 100 patients in this study maximum was within 21 to 30 years (53%). In most cases (57%), heavy bleeding was present in 15% of patients. Patients with heavy bleeding had a positive history of pain (80%), but the amount was reduced in the light or spotting group (61.18%). Fifty-seven percent of patients experienced bleeding for 2 to 3 days. Most patients (43%) reported bleeding during 8 to 10 weeks of gestation. This study showed that early pregnancy PV bleeding is more common in multigravida patients. History of stillbirth, IUD or abortion was proved to be strong predictors. DM and anaemia were found to be important associated diseases. In this study, 91% of patients were diagnosed as a case of abortion. Ectopic pregnancy was present in 5% of patients, and only 4 patients were found to have a molar pregnancy. In patients with abortion, incomplete is the maximum one (56.04%), next missed (23.08%), and threatened (14.28%). Complete was present in 6.59% of patients. 69.23% of patients continued their pregnancy in case of threatened abortion with a conservative. But 23.08% converted to incomplete and 7.69% to missed. Missed abortions were successfully treated with vaginal misoprostol in 38% of patients. Evacuation & curettage was done in 78.43% of patients with incomplete abortion, and patients with less bleeding and stability (21.57%) were given oral misoprostol. This was effective in 63.63% of patients. All 5 cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated with laparotomy, and in molar pregnancy cases, the only treatment was suction, Evacuation and curettage. Conclusion: The findings of this study, despite its limitations, give crucial new information regarding early pregnancy bleeding, including statistics on the timing, heaviness and length, color, and overall number of episodes. Pregnancy outcomes will be examined as a possible link between bleeding episodes and early pregnancy biology, placental pathophysiology, and pregnancy outcomes.

Background: Hand washing is the most effective way to stop bacterial transmission and lower the risk of infections related to medical care. Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are known to transmit from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment most frequently from healthcare personnel. It has been proven that healthcare workers' hand hygiene practices are an effective way to lower the incidence of hospital acquired infections. Aim: A study to assess Knowledge practice and attitude regarding hand hygiene among health care professionals. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design. The New Najran General Hospital served as the study's location and to choose the 100 samples, a consistent sampling technique was applied. The WHO's hand hygiene questionnaire for healthcare workers was utilized as the research instrument for the study to evaluate healthcare professionals' knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward hand hygiene. Statistics, both descriptive and inferential, were used to calculate the results. Results: The knowledge, practice, and attitude on towards hand cleanliness was adequate and the practice score was 3.72 with a standard deviation of 0.514, and the overall mean total knowledge score was 8.36 with a standard deviation of 1.599. The attitude rating was 2.48, with a 1.176 standard deviation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that healthcare workers at New Najran General Hospital have acceptable knowledge, attitudes, and hand hygiene practices. We advocate for the supply of these necessities as well as teaching sessions to help caregivers and patients understand the value of hand washing

Background: Wound sepsis continues to be a bugbear of emergency abdominal surgery where the producer is often inevitably performed on infected tissue. Wound infection causes prolongation of convalesces, prolonged hospital stay, permanent disability, economic loss, production of dangerous focus of infection in the ward, ugly scar and it is intimately related to the fame of the surgeon. The aim of the study was to evaluate aetiopathological of surgical site wound infection after caesarean section. Methods: The study was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Barisal, Bangladesh to evaluate the Aetiopathological of surgical site wound infection after caesarean section. A total of 100 cases were chosen by random sampling with different maternity units from September 2007 to August 2008. The results were statistically analyzed with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24). Results: Serosanguineous and foul smelling wound discharge were present in 70% of the cases. Culture of wound discharge showed growth in 67% of the cases and the organisms responsible for most wound infections originated on the patient’s skin. Staphylococcus aureus was the organism most commonly isolated. Escherichia coli was found as the second most common organism, followed by Pseudomonas, klebsiella, pneumonia, actinobacter and proteus. Conclusions: Proper operative site skin preparation (e.g. with povidone iodine) which greatly contributes to reduction of wound infection. Personal cleanliness, smooth gentle handing of tissues, proper haemostasis are all-important. This is possible only by careful surgeons.