Camphor is whitish fragrant solidified essential oils of Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm, Lauraceae), it is obtained from the bark and heart wood by steam distillation or hydro-distillation. It is multifaceted drug used in traditional Indian system of medicine and Chinese medicine. This overview is compilation of pharmacology, ethno-medicinal uses, chemical constituents and proven pharmacological activities of camphor. This paper comprises all the information available in Ayurvedic and Unani classical texts and research publications based on the outcomes of the studies carried out on experimental and clinical basis. In Ayurveda it is popularly known as Karpura and used to treat bronchitis, fever, chest congestion, diarrhea, dysentery, eye diseases, heart problems and gynecological disorders. Recent researches show that it exhibited anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti- Dyslipidemia activities. The camphor has a therapeutic potential to become newer drug for many diseases.

Scientific rationale for the study: Gingival recession is a condition causing functional and esthetic disturbances and has a high prevalence rate. A wide range of surgical techniques and membranes have been proposed through the decades for recession coverage. Amnion/ chorion membranes are rich in type I, IV, V, and VI collagen, proteoglycans, laminin, and fibronectin, demonstrating properties of wound protection, pain reduction, and effect on epithelialization and being bacteriostatic in nature. The available evidence suggests that Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) combined with amnion/chorion membranes has significant effect on gingival recession, gingival phenotype, gain in clinical attachment level, increase in Width of Keratinized Gingiva. Therefore the placental allograft is a viable alternative option for root coverage procedure in cases where there is a lack of autogenous connective tissue available to treat gingival recession defects or the patient is unwilling for a second site of surgery. Principal findings: The available evidence suggests that Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) combined with amnion/chorion membranes has significant effect on recession coverage, gain in clinical attachment level, and increase in Width of Keratinized Gingiva. The membrane has also shown to be effective on the gingival biotype, changing to a thick biotype. Practical implications: The placental allograft is a viable alternative option for root coverage procedure in cases where there is a lack of autogenous connective tissue available to treat gingival recession defects or the patient is unwilling for a second site of surgery.

Man is the highest creation of Almighty Allah. He is equipped with the highest of potentialities and is left relatively free in his will, action and choice. He has shown man the right path, and the life of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) provides a perfect example for him. Islam, being a comprehensive way of life, encompasses a complete character system and Glorious Qur’an, as a compendium Book, contains multifarious excellent characters that teach the believers how to conduct their life accordingly. The importance of these excellent characters in Islam is so high so much that every Muslim is exhorted to possess excellent moral quality. It is on this basis that Islam brought down a plethora of universal and fundamental principles for guidance of humanity in almost every circumstance. To achieve these fundamental rights, it presents an effectual moral system that will make it easy for its adherents to achieve the desired goal. Almighty Allah however, through the Qur’an encourages Muslims to develop heart capable of discovering His pathway that governs and sustains the functional system in human generations. Every person is therefore responsible for his own actions, considering the fact that human nature is enslaved and enticed to committing sin, oppression, and polytheism. It is generally believed that Muslims without discipline and moral values are ineffective and valueless in their dealings. It is in line with this backdrop that this paper intends to explore the role of Qur’an and Hadith in character building stressing the Islamic moral values associated with them. To achieve the objectives of this research, this paper attempts to answer some basic questions with a view to unraveling the role of Qur’an and Hadith in character building towards evolving prototypical Muslim society. What are the excellent moral qualities? How do the Qur’an and Hadith advocate moral virtues such as patience, truthfulness, justice, thinking good about others, responding to the evil with good among others? How does the moral standard ensure prosperity of a Muslim individual or society? What are the factors that help grow the moral faculty of Muslim society in making them religiously inclined to good moral qualities? These and similar questions form the objectives of the study. The study also adopts analytical phenomenological methodology.

Organizational culture refers to the unique relationship of norms, values, beliefs and ways of behaving that characterize how groups and individuals get things done. Organizational culture contains values that must be understood, imbued, and practiced together by all individuals or groups involved in it, including employees within the Regional Secretariat of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency. This study aims to determine how much influence organizational culture, work discipline and perceived organizational support influence on employee performance at the Regional Secretariat of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, either partially or simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach with the type of explanatory research. The type of research used is explanatory research and the method used in this research is causal associative research. This research was conducted at the Regional Secretariat of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan and the research population is all employees who are still actively working at the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency Regional Secretariat with the status of Civil Servants (PNS) taken from the number of PNS in January 2020, which is 99 people. The research sample used in this study was a saturated sample or total sampling, or the entire population including the research sample, namely the entire 99 civil servants. The results showed that the positive constant value was 38.950, meaning that although there was no independent variable (X), the employee's performance would be better because it was supported by responsibility in carrying out their duties as regional employees working at the Hulu Sungai Utara Regional Secretariat. Organizational culture variable (X1) has a partially positive effect of 0.242 with t count 7.146 > t table 1.653 and significant level 0.000 <0.05. The work discipline variable (X2) has a partially positive effect of 0.326 with t count 5.331 > t table 1.653 with a significant level of 0.000 <0.05, and the perceived organizational support variable (X3) has a partial positive effect of 0.326 with t count 6.724 > t table 1,653 with a significant level of 0.000 <0.05. From these results it can be seen that all independent variables (X) have a simultaneous influence on the independent variable (Y) with an R2 value (Regression Square) of 0.594 or 59.4% contributing to the influence of organizational culture, work discipline and perceptions of organizational support. On the performance of employees at the Hulu Sungai Utara Regional Secretariat. So that the hypothesis Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, which means that there is a simultaneous positive influence between organizational culture, work discipline and perceptions of organizational support on employee performance at the Hulu Sungai Utara Regional Secretariat.

Introduction: The emergence and spreading of Rifampicin-resistance strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis pose significant challenges to tuberculosis control programs in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the proportion and factors associated with primary rifampicin resistance. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2019 among 570 new pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants from 8 Gene-Xpert testing hospitals. Rifampicin resistance was detected by Gene-Xpert assay from sputum specimens. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews, document review, and laboratory results using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. We developed the questionnaire from different kinds of literature and the World Health Organization resources. Variables with P-value <0.2 in simple binary logistic regression were included in the multiple binary logistic regressions. A statistical test was reported as significant when p-value < 0.05 in multiple variable logistic regressions. Fitness of goodness was checked by using the Hosmer Lemeshow model fitness test. Results: A total of 570 individuals have participated in this study. Of those, 43 (7.50%) 95% CI: 5-10) were resistant to rifampicin. Persons, have a contact history with known tuberculosis Patients (AOR 2.5 [95% CI: 1.21-5.11]), with human immune virus infection (AOR 2.3 [95% CI: 1.11-4.73]) and being diabetic Mellitus cases (AOR 4.2[95% CI: 1.51-8.78]) were factors significantly associated with rifampicin resistance. Conclusions and recommendations: The proportion of rifampicin resistance was high. Identified factors significantly associated with rifampicin resistance were persons having contact history with known tuberculosis patients, human immune virus infection, and being diabetic Mellitus cases. Strengthen the prevention of rifampicin resistance tuberculosis transmission, strengthening contact tracing, improve TB/HIV coinfection health care services, and screening tuberculosis patients for diabetic Mellitus is crucial.

Seborrheic keratoses (KS) are benign skin tumors that start in middle-aged people and develop in the elderly. They are very limited pigmented lesions, single or multiple, with a warty surface. They most often sit on the head, neck, trunk and folds. Their size usually varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. We report a case of KS of the external auditory canal.

The trademark role is important in advertising and marketing a particular business because the public often associates a distinctive image or the quality of goods and services with certain trademarks. This research will analyze the essence of adopting good faith in resolving disputes concerning well-known trademarks in Indonesia. The research adopted normative legal research using statute, cases, and conceptual approaches. The results show that the essence of good faith in well-known trademark dispute resolution is to protect well-known trademark owners who are honest, rational, and have tried to find a trademark's existence. Therefore, their trademark has no essential or overall similarity with other parties to minimize losses. The well-known trademark cases that have been submitted showed that the lack of indicators of good faith resulted in deciding the case. The Commercial Court of Central Jakarta decided based on the subjective of the judge. For this reason, the problem of disputes becomes complicated and complicated can arise when court decisions are inconsistent.

Background: The role of autopsy is to find out the cause of death, time of death and identify diseases which could have attributed to the death. Autopsy may reveal many histopathological findings which may or may not have been diagnosed ante mortem. A retrospective study of medicolegal autopsies for a period of 2 years was done in a tertiary care centre in Kerala. Clinical findings and ante mortem clinical diagnosis, gross pathological findings and histopathological details were noted. The results were analyzed based on gross findings and histological examination. Histopathological findings which were diagnosed incidentally or co-existing pathology which may or may not have been the cause of death were specifically noted. All the data were analysed using the SPSS software version 17. Results: The present study was based on 212 male and 92 female autopsies. Coronary arterial disease, myocarditis, pneumonia and cirrhosis liver were the common findings. Some of the other pathological findings noted were tuberculosis, burns, pancreatitis, meningitis, encephalitis and cardiomyopathy. There were 6 cases which showed rare and incidental findings. Conclusion: The diagnosis of incidental findings which were not diagnosed ante mortem emphasise the relevance of histopathological analysis in all cases of autopsy .This can also help in epidemiological studies.

The concept of customer satisfaction is considered important for all organizations of different specialties, so getting to know what affects and satisfies the customer greatly helps the organization's success and achieving it to the highest levels of competition with similar organizations in the same field, This study aimed to investigate the effect of smart phone on customers in the Jordanian commercial banks satisfaction. To achieve the goal of the study, the comparison method was used based on the previous studies, the results of study’s showed that there is a trace of smartphone apps on repeat purchase, the willingness of the purchase in the Jordanian commercial banks, there is the impact of various factors on the client access the degree of satisfaction from doing business with the bank or its own organization. Through the results achieved, we recommend that banks pay more attention in activating electronic services, especially for high-end mobile applications, as they play an important role in customer satisfaction, taking into consideration future studies on the importance Conducting a longitudinal analysis on the same topic by using a conceptual framework and relying on data collection and analytical data, as customer decisions related to electronic services change and evolve with time quickly, which achieves important results that can be used to follow the achievement of satisfaction and repeatedly to purchase in the Jordanian commercial banking sector.

With the increasingly close communication and cooperation in today’s society, translation, as a bridge for information and cultural transmission between two countries and even many countries, has attracted widespread public attention. At the same time, people also put forward higher requirements for the quality and efficiency of translation. In order to satisfy people’s desire to share international information and opportunities, computer-aided translation is playing an increasingly important role. But people can not help questioning that, compared with the traditional human translation, how significant is the progress of computer-aided translation? What are its advantages and disadvantages? What is the future of computer-aided translation? And how much of a role does the terminology database play in translating our reality? That’s what this paper is about.

Wastewater contains a variety of toxic dyes and heavy metals. Dyes are released by the different types of industries as environmental pollutants which has become a serious issue for the health of thousands of people. Azo dyes are released from the industries as environmental pollutants and are mixed to the drinking water of human due to their direct discharge into human inhibited areas. Many techniques are available for the degradation of dyes from wastewater such as reverse osmosis, coagulation, ion exchange, photo catalysis, and photo-Fenton etc. However, the traditional photo catalysis and photo-Fenton-like catalytic processes are active only under the irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light. The photo catalysis involves the generation of electron (e−)-hole (h+) pairs under suitable light irradiation. There are many catalysts that have been used in photo catalysis such as ZnO, CdS, TiO2. TiO2 is used in the photo Fenton reaction that catalyzes the reaction between iron and hydrogen peroxide. There are many advantages of photofenton reaction such as reaction can be carried out with high performance and can be operated at the room temperature.

Introduction: Most people infecting with the SARS-CoV-2 and experiencing mild to severe respiratory illness. Individual knowledge and attitude will improve practices towards covid-19 prevention and precaution measures and it is essential to control the spread of disease. Hence the aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practice towards COVID-19 among undergraduate students as students pays important role in the society. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study was carried out with 60 samples that met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling technique. Google form was used to collect the data among participants. It contains multiple choice questionnaire regarding demographic variables, knowledge, attitude c, and practice towards COVID-19. The data were tabulated and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The finding of the study reveals that out of 60 participants, 34(56.67%) had moderate knowledge, 47(78.33%) had favorable attitude and 49(81.67%) had adequate practice through COVID-19 preventive measures. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice, knowledge and attitude and attitude and practice at the level of p<0.0001. Chi-square test reveals that there is a significantly association between the level of knowledge and practice with selected demographic variables of gender and year of study at the level of p<0.05 and there is no significant association between attitudes with a selected demographic variables. Conclusion: Findings of the present study revealed that, the arts and science college students had generally a moderate level of knowledge, possess a positive attitude, and performed a good practice and active behaviors of preventive measures towards COVID-19. The need to improve the knowledge to promote positive attitude and practice related to updated trends regarding COVID-19. The result of this study may be utilized as a baseline for planning awareness campaigns in the future.

The paper aims to access and evaluate the index as well as engineering properties of clay soil when subjected to controlled thermal treatment. To achieve this, clay soil was collected from a specific location in Amassoma, Southern Nigeria, and heated up at 200oC, 400oC, 600oC and 800oC. To adequately inform the engineering society on the potentials of thermally treated clay soil in the construction industry, properties such as specific gravity, Atterberg limits, California bearing ratio test (CBR), and compactibility were determined. Specific gravity increased by 60% between the control at room temperature and the specimen produced at 800oC. The increment was direct showing flattening tendencies between 600oC and 800oC. A direct relationship was found to exist between calcination and compactibility for all specimens between 27oC and 800oC. A similar trend was observed for CBR values of which at 800oC, the soil specimen having a CBR of 13.51 had improved in CBR by 655% when compared to the control’s CBR of 1.79. An inverse relationship was observed between calcination and Plasticity Index. At 800oC, the plasticity index having a value of 6.9 had reduced by 63% when compared to the control specimen having a PI of 18.4. By the process of calcination, the soil was successfully transformed from a clayey, high plastic, cohesive soil with very high affinity for water and unsuitable subgrade for pavement purposes, into a silty, low plastic, partly cohesive soil with reduced affinity for water having a fair CBR and applicable for subbase utilization in pavement construction.

Aim: To systematically examine the published findings on the clinical effectiveness of periodontal therapy on anemic status of patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Google, Clinical trials registry and manual search using DPU Vidyapeeth library resources were searched up to 31st October 2019 to identify appropriate studies. All cross reference lists of the chosen studies were also screened. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of studies. Results: The electronic and manual search identified a total of 138 articles. A final screen consisted of 21 articles out of which 16 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Finally, 5 articles were selected for detailed evaluation for the systematic review which evaluated the efficacy of effect of periodontal therapy on anemic patients with chronic periodontitis. Conclusions: Chronic periodontitis may cause to anemia and provides evidence that non-surgical periodontal therapy can improve the anemic status of patients with chronic periodontitis.

Formal assessment of students’ learning outcomes occurs mainly in the classroom. The psychological and academic well-being of most learners is hinged on the assessment feedback from teachers to the learners, parents and school authorities. The level of teacher assessment literacy, therefore, determines the competence of the teacher in making value judgment on the behaviour, ability and prospects of a learner. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of secondary school teachers’ assessment literacy. The survey design was adopted for the study. Two research questions and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The population of the study comprised all secondary school teachers in Rivers East Senatorial District, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 500 teachers from 10 secondary schools in Rivers East Senatorial District. The instrument used for data collection was: “Teacher Assessment Literacy Test” adapted from “Teacher Assessment Literacy Questionnaire”. The instrument was validated using KR2O and a reliability coefficient of .76 was obtained. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The results revealed that the level of secondary school teachers’ assessment literacy is significantly influenced by in-service training and teachers’ area of specialization. Secondary school teachers’ assessment literacy level was higher among teachers who had been retrained through in-service training. It was recommended among others that more opportunities be given for the retraining of teachers in educational assessment, especially in practical application of assessment processes through workshops and exchange programmes to ensure global best practices among secondary school teachers in Nigeria.