Pakistan’s strategic significance in the maritime sphere has been at the center of debate. Particularly with the on- going development “Port of Gwadar” and how it may crop a new profitable armature in the region and encyclopedically. Still, the broader significance lies in the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) action by China that includes Port of Gwadar under China Pak Economic Corridor (CPEC), aiming to strengthen indigenous connectivity. In turn this study shows logical and descriptive approach for assessing theoretical substantiation to measure challenges to maritime security and how it may be affected by current challenges in the swell. Further, fabrics under transnational relations; regionalism, constructivism and critical security studies approach support the core argument “Challenges to maritime security of Pakistan”. The major finding of this study is apparent through collaborative security and how effective it has been in eradicating crimes in the swell. The major recrimination of this paper is to view challenges to maritime security as a coherent approach towards security and cooperation.

Background: Carbon monoxide is produced in abundance in the Niger Delta, a fact that was acknowledged in the World Bank study of the region in 1995 and the Environmental assessment of Ogoni land by UNEP in 2011. Objectives: To ascertain the extent of CO pollution in the Niger Delta, its impact on foeto-maternal health and to review the pathophysiology and the treatment of the poisoning. Methods: A mixed method study (observational-descriptive and systemic review). A literature review on the above objectives was carried out. The known foeto-maternal impact of CO exposure was extrapolated to the prevailing state of CO pollution in the Niger Delta. Questionnaires distributed to Doctors working in the tertiary Centres in the core Niger Delta focused on the prevalence, clinical presentations and foeto-maternal findings in patients who presented with CO poisoning. Results: There was no data on the prevalence and clinical presentations of CO pollution in the Niger Delta. The ambient and indoors air concentration of CO in the Delta range from 0 ppm to 191μg/m3 but in places within 60-200 metres from crude oil flow stations, the concentrations range from 100 to 5320 μg/m3. Maternal impact of CO pollution ranges from headaches at carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels of 5-20% to maternal death at COHb levels of >66% while in the foetus, it causes birth defects, growth restriction, prematurity and sudden intrauterine and early neonatal death. Conclusion: The core Niger Delta is under perpetual siege of CO pollution and the ambient and indoors air concentration of it in the Delta range from 0 ppm to 191μg/m3.

Investing in human capital is the priority to make the most of the evolving economic opportunity. The world is dynamic and must be followed for the fulfillment and meeting up with technology and trend of time. It is of great importance to work with trend by incorporating a knowledge driven development. Human capital is gaining importance, the workers are becoming increasingly responsible for every aspect of their work and professional life. Successes in knowledge economy require commitment of both workers and firms, to continually learn and increase their skills and expertise which foster innovation. Adult learning and education is available for continuous change, making knowledge available for initials and continuing workforce. Adult learning and education equips people with the necessary knowledge, capabilities, skills competences and values to exercise and advance their rights and take control of their destinies.

Styles were used by different authors to ensure a proper channeling of messages from their novels to the targeted readers. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu who is among the few reputable Hausa women authors combined the position of mother, elder, leader, and responsible married woman. At the time she strived hard to acquire what can sustain her family and relatives she wrote many Hausa fiction books in which she depicted her wisdom and opinions in exposing the need to have a decent society base on her life experience, a society that respects women dignity, display honesty, discipline and promote a violent free society and encourage respect for one another. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu has tried to symbolize some of these issues in her books as her contribution towards sustaining responsible society in Nigeria, Africa, or the world at large. Styles as used by authors is a toolbox in the manipulation of their talents to expose their mission in their works. Balaraba Ramat used her styles to display her opinions on how different dimensions of our lives should be. This paper analyzes how Balaraba Ramat Yakubu addressed some of these issues and analyzes them. The paper used her Hausa novels and the academic works done on them and other things related to her. The paper, however, makes contact with both primary and secondary sources for further justifications. It however concludes with the findings that in Hausa society, men remain behind their wives in whatever they do to earn their lively hood as long as their strives do not contradict Islam and Hausa culture. Again going by the power of the pen, the paper also encourages writers especially women to use their pen as their powerful weapon to fight all forms of insurgency which rendered hundreds of thousands of women and children victims of circumstances in many African countries.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of task and environment manipulation on the performance of selected basic motor skills. For this purpose, 30 children aged 4 to 6 years were selected using the available sampling method. First, the pre-test of over hand throwing was performed using the accuracy of throwing and kicking, and then the participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: manipulation of task restraints, environment constraints, and control. According to the research plan, the intervention groups performed the program for 6 weeks and two 60-minute sessions each week. The task constraint group practiced according to the task ecological analysis method, the environment constraint manipulation group practiced in the based on enrichment of the environment and the control group had no activity. After the last training session, a post-test was performed and the results were recorded. The data were analyzed with analysis of covariance test and Bonferroni was used for paired comparisons. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the remaining mean scores of kicking and over hand throwing of the subjects in terms of group membership (experimental and control groups) (P <0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the groups of manipulation of task constraints and performance environment had better than the control group in the studied skills, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P <0.05). The finding generally support and provide an insight into the idea of the effect of constraints manipulation on performance. Therefore, when teaching and working with children, manipulation of task constraints and environment can be used to improve the performance of children's fundamental movement skills.

Etherification of jute fibre with butyl chloride was carried out at a temperature of 300C for a period of 2 hours in different solvents. Sodium hydroxide was selected as swelling agent for cheap and availability. Petroleum ether was used as a solvent in this research. The degree of substitution, the percent elongation, and bundle strength and moisture regain of the butyl substituted jute fibre was studied. It is observed that the bundle strength of the butyl substituted jute fibre decreases and percentage of moisture regain of the butyl substituted jute fibre decreases with the increases of substitution. The extensibility of the butyl substituted jute fibre increases up to about 10 times of its original value of 1% extension at break with the increase of substitution.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced gastrointestinal endoscopy practice worldwide. We aimed to evaluate its impact on the ERCP practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze all ERCPs performed during 2020 in our unit by comparing the first trimester of the year or the pre-pandemic period with the rest of the year or the pandemic period. Results: We performed 149 ERCPs with 65 ERCPs (43.6%) during the pre-pandemic period and 84 ERCPs (56.4%) during the pandemic period. ERCPs volumes decreased by 57% during the pandemic period in comparison with the pre-pandemic period. The most ERCP indications were common bile duct stones and malignant biliary strictures with an increase in numbers of acute cholangitis during the pandemic period (p=0.035). There was no difference regarding cannulation methods and technical success between the two periods. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected the ERCP practice in our unit with a significant decrease in the ERCP volumes with an increase in the urgent ERCP indications.

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the principal 's instructional leadership, the development of learning media and teacher performance on student achievement in SMPthe State of Alalak Barito Kuala District. This research is quantitative by using inferential research method. The research population was 119 teachers from 5 schools and 92 respondents were taken as research samples with Proportional Random Sampling. Collecting data using a questionnaire instrument and data analysis using descriptive analysis, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and path analysis. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant direct effect of instructional leadership, development of learning media and teacher performance on teacher discipline. There is an indirect influence on instructional leadership and the development of learning media through teacher performance on student achievement at SMPN Alalak District. Suggestions for future researchers can analyze research on student achievement in more depth by using more variables.

World is constructing at a quicker pace in all dimension of innovation. The parameters, which decide the improvement has changed lots in the ongoing, past and will continue changing in future as well. Which is required adequate planning and it comes from the all intersection. However due to quick scaling work environment, organizations generally prefer to do the task in ever quicker and less expensive correspondence that disintegrates physical and group boundaries both inside nations and universally owing to short cuts in planning, more noteworthy accessibility and simpler access to statistics, and the further opening up of worldwide markets are the arrangement of reactant supremacies that is quickening the speed of social change all through the world. Activity postponements are typical an issue in the construction trade and can expand task calendars and their expenses. Ongoing examinations endeavors have concentrated on the quantitative assessment of defer impacts. Writing proposes that the development business needs extra research to deliberately relate the reasons for postponements to their effects. A customary development technique has demonstrated to be insufficient in accomplishing this objective. Mechanization and parallel working has been key mantras of heedless way development. Neglectful way the exercises without early arranging will bring about real slips by and re-working in a large portion of the cases. Innovation, association, data, instruction and beneficial abilities will, along these lines, assume a basically unequivocal job in overseeing the future course of advancement. This paper manages 360 Degree development studies, which is the need of great importance in development. Development/construction as one of the top most businesses experiences trademark changes in conveying the range as quick as conceivable which would bring about better returns. 3600 Planning is the vital key of the development business. This thought won't just affect amount anyway it additionally sway on quality parameters. Human instinct likes to concentrate on one arrangement. An alternate course of action probably won't get the consideration it needs since individuals are exclusively put resources into the grounds activity. Barely work with “Plan A" to be a fruitful and feel investing an excess of energy in a "Plan B" could conceivably undermine that achievement (Myth). As a matter of fact planning isn’t a word per se although it’s a farrago mechanism, which demands time, keenness and endorsement and interchange of dialogue so on and so forth.

Sciatica is a painful ailment caused by the pathology of the sciatic nerve or the sciatic nerve root. Pain and paresthesia in the sciatic nerve distribution or a lumbosacral nerve root are common in patients with this condition. A herniated disc with nerve root compression is the most common cause of sciatica; however lumbar stenoses and (less frequently) tumors are also probable causes. In general, 5 to 10 percent of people with low back pain have sciatica, but the lifetime prevalence of low back pain is reported to range from 49% to 70%. Gridhrasi having the same symptomatology as sciatica described in ayurvedic classics under vata vyadhi, is a condition in which pain, stiffness, gripping, and pulsations begin in the buttocks [gluteal region] and progress to the posterior aspect of the Kati (pelvis and lumbosacral regions), Uru (thigh), Jaanu (behind the knee), Jangha (leg), and Pada (foot). Among different modalities of treatment described in Ayurveda, Kati Basti is the most popular and commonly practiced one. In the present study an effort has been made to treat 30 patients of Gridhrasi with Kati Basti with Prasarini Taila and Tila taila separately in two groups. The treatment was given 48 minute long daily for seven days. The assessment was done by analyzing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms before and after treatment. The majority of patients (93.33 percent) improved after treatment. In this study, kati basti with prasarini taila outperformed moorchita tila taila in terms of reducing Gridhrasi or sciatica signs and symptoms. The snehana property of oil and medications in Prasarini taila was helpful in the relief of gridhrasi, as well as the swedana impact of Kati Basti.

Open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) is a specific kind of neural tube defect (NTD) resulting from a trouble of closure of the caudal region of the neural tube early in embryogenesis. The diagnosis and management of open spina bifida has changed significantly over the past century. Significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of open spina bifida have been made over the last years. The most significant strategy for the prevention of open spina bifida has been with folic acid supplementation. Although progress in the field of myelomeningocele diagnosis and treatment has revolutionised the medical treatment of open spina bifida, the postnatal treatment of myelomeningocele evolved significantly and is now complicated by issues surrounding prenatal diagnosis, including availability, economic feasibility, and selection for invasive fetal surgery and management of pregnancy.

Introduction: Hysterectomy is a surgical procedure commonly performed in obstetrics gynecology at the Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti, but no study had been conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hysterectomy and to review gynecological and peripartum hysterectomies. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 12 months from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017 in the obstetrics gynecology department of the Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti Mali. Eligible patients were represented by all those who had undergone a peripartum or gynecological hysterectomy during the study period in our service. Our supports consisted of patient files, patient interviews, the operating report register, the delivery register and the hospitalization register. Data were entered and analyzed using Epi info3.5.3 software and word processing was performed using Word 2007 software. Results: During the study period, all the surgical interventions represented 522 cases, i.e. an overall prevalence of 9.2% (57/522) among which hysterectomies during the gynecological period represented 70% (38/57) against 30% (19/57) peripartum hysterectomies. The average age of the patients was 46.5 years with the extremes of 18 and 75 years. The types of hysterectomies were represented in the vast majority by total interadnexal hysterectomy 77.2% (44/57) followed by subtotal hysterectomy 15.8% (9/57) and hysterectomy plus bilateral adnexectomy 7% (4 /57). Conclusion: Hysterectomy is one of the most practiced surgical activities at the Sominé Dolo hospital in Mopti. It constitutes an alternative solution for the practitioner to save the life of the patient, particularly in the event of emergency hysterectomies which represented a significant proportion in our study.

Tomatoes consumed in Gombe are contaminated with traces and heavy metals due to accumulation of these metals in soil that absorbed by crop plants, which is the most serious environmental problem with significant implications on human health. This study focused on the comparative studies on concentrations of carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic heavy metals analyzed based on WHO Permissible limits. Sample T1 Tomatoes showed mean concentrations in decreasing order of Zn = 0.094 ± 0.045 mg/kg followed by Mn = 0.0744 ± 0.0031 mg/kg then Ni = 0.0394 ± 0.0014 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0163 ± 0.00113 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0063 ± 0.00106 mg/kg, Pb = 0.0031 ± 0.0062 mg/kg, Co = 0.00152 ± 0.00126 mg/kg, As = 0 respectively. Sample T2 showed mean concentrations of heavy metals with the highest of Ni = 0.2095 ± 0.27 mg/kg followed by Zn = 0.1761 ± 0.134 mg/kg, Mn = 0.0487 ± 0.0023 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0233 ± 0.00195 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0147 ± mg/kg, Pb = 0.0047 ± 0.0062 mg/kg, Co = 0.0075 ± 0.0065 mg/kg respectively with few above WHO limits of 0.002 – 0.005mg/kg. Sample T3 Tomatoes showed mean concentrations with highest in decreasing order of Mn = 0.0829 ± 0.017 mg/kg followed by Ni = 0.0809 ± 0.00412 mg/kg, Zn = 0.0504 ± 0.0031 mg/kg, Co = 0.0225 ±0.00080 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0179 ± 0.00243 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0143 ± 0.00057 mg/kg. As = 0.0011 ± 0.000265 mg/kg, Pb = 0.0004 ± 0.000058 mg/kg respectively. Hazard Index (HI) of non-carcinogenic Heavy metals analyzed in Tomatoes samples showed highest hazard index in all the three pathways with Co = 3.64 E+ 00 followed by Pb = 2.71E+00 then Cd = 5.51E-01, Ni = 1.07E-02, Mn = 6.81E-03, As = 2.16E-03, Zn = 7.79E-04, while the lowest Hazard index was shown by Fe = 5.62E-05 indicating HI > 1 with adverse health risk in decreasing order of Co > Pb > Cd > Ni > Mn > As > Zn > Fe respectively. Cancer risk effects of carcinogenic heavy metals investigated through ingestion showed the highest cancer risk of Cd = 4.10E-05 followed by As = 3.23E-07 then Pb = 7.14E-06 with order of Cd > As > Pb > Co while cancer risk through inhalation showed the highest in Co = 1.27E-11 followed by Cd = 7.06E-12 then As = 4.76E-13, the lowest of Pb = 4.41E-14 with order of Co > Cd > As > Pb indicating that some heavy metals contaminated the tomatoes analyzed were projecting while hazard and cancer risk on human health will persisted on body systems at certain prolong time, examining of these heavy metals levels will safeguard public health.

This research was conducted to gain confidence in a number of factors such as convenience, trust and security that affect people's interest in transacting using internet banking amid the increasing threat of cybercrime attacks on the theft of account owner assets. The data collection method used a questionnaire with research samples taken from government and private banks using convenience sampling technique and the results obtained were 120 respondents. The results of the study concluded that the convenience and security factors had a positive and significant effect on asking people to use internet banking, while trust had no significant effect.

The study looked at what is preventing IDPs from returning to their normal house in Maiduguri, Borno State. The study's specific objectives were to assess IDPs' rights regarding relocation to their usual home of residence, examine the implications of insufficient funds for rebuilding IDPs' usual home of residence, examine the implications of insecurity on IDPs' relocation to their usual home of residence, and finally assess the effect of insecurity on IDPs' relocation to their usual home of residence. Primary and secondary sources were used to compile the data. The respondents were given a questionnaire to fill out as part of the primary data collection. A total of 400 people from Maiduguri were surveyed. The study looked at a variety of ideas, with human needs theory serving as the study's theoretical framework. The idea covers the essential cause for IDPs returning to their customary place of residence in order to alleviate the difficult circumstances faced by IDPs who have lost their homes, jobs, and families, among other things. Food, shelter, healthcare, education, and clothing are among the basic needs of IDPs. The findings revealed that Internally Displaced Persons have the right to relocate to their usual home of residence and the right to request and receive protection. The study further revealed that Internally Displaced Persons have the right to humanitarian assistance from national authorities without discrimination and the right for assistance in restoring family link, Health care, education, and economic and social rehabilitation are all things that need to be addressed. The findings also stated that due to a lack of funds, the funding for restoring IDPs' customary place of living is insufficient. It was discovered that returning IDPs are frequently attacked by militants in their homes and are frequently kidnapped by the group. It recommends that the Borno State governments should enact a local law in the State to compel IDP’s management agencies at all levels to stringently observe the U.N. Guiding Principles on the protection of the right of Internal Displacement on relocation to their settlement. The Nigerian Government should fight corruption and ensure a direct link between the management agencies and the IDP's. Contingency plans should be made financially and bureaucratically in anticipation of displaced events to accommodate the rapid nature of displacement, the bureaucratic process involved in the release of finances and other resources for the administration of IDPs should be simplified.