This work conducted a study of language medium and the teaching of science and technology through the medium of mother-tongue in North-East and North-West Geo-Political Zones, Nigeria. a case study research design was used in collecting data for the study. We investigated some selected public primary school students in the two geo-political zones of the North-East and North-West. There are an estimated 100,000 primary school students in the two zones. Each zone is stratified along with the component. 18 schools were selected at random for the study from each geo-political zone. A minimum of 30 students were equally selected at random from each school from the zone under investigation. Questionnaires, oral interviews, and informal interactions were employed simultaneously to elicit information. The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis which holds that our thoughts are shaped by our native languages; and that speakers of different languages, therefore, think differently was used as the theoretical framework of analysis. The work discovered among other things that the science and technology learning area has various challenges as pointed out by the participants. On the whole, the work concludes that the people’s language is not only part of their socio-cultural heritage; it is the natural medium of thought, expression, and communication within that culture.

Young people’s education has become, today, the first priority of national and international meetings or policies although most of them are dying of hunger, starvation, and during non-authorized immigration, resulting from unemployment and other forms of criminality and delinquency. To better understand and explain these enigmatic social issues so as to find out the real causes of the failure of educative strategies, including its negative consequences, as well as the required solutions for a better future, from the context of the novel, Psychoanalytic Criticism has been used through its psychological, human, social, sociological, political and economic dimensions, sharing exactly or not the writer’s perception. Very well educated or trained, talented young people, with secured employment for sustainable development, are expected contributions, in the end of this analytical and critical study.

Introduction: Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major causes of mortality in children with estimated 1 million deaths every year. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in LRTI. The objective of study was to find association of hyponatremia (serum sodium<135meq/l) with severe LRTI. Prospective cross sectional study design was used for study. Settings: Pediatric Emergency, Ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). Subjects: Children between 2 months to 16 years presenting with cough for less than 3 weeks, fast breathing and chest in drawing. Methods: Children between 2 month to 16 years of age having cough, fast breathing and chest in drawing admitted in emergency, ward or PICU of TUTH were screened and among them, children having pediatric respiratory severity score of 4-5 were enrolled in the study. Serum sodium was sent during admission and collected within 2 hours. Daily follow up was done to find need of respiratory support, duration to resolve hypoxia, total duration in hospital and final outcome of patient. Statistical test applied were Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: 47.5% of study population had hyponatremia, of whom 65.79% had mild hyponatremia 26.31% had moderate and 7.89% had severe hyponatremia. Association of hyponatremia with need of non rebreathing face mask (p=0.001), ventilatior (p=0.009), duration of hospital stay (p=0.047) were significant. The study also found the association of severity of hyponatremia with need of non rebreathing facemask (p=0.001), ventilator (p=0.01), outcome (p=0.001), duration of stay (0.002). Mean time to resolve hypoxia in children with hyponatremia (4.5 days) was longer compared to normal sodium (2.58 days). Four patients died during the study period and all of them had hyponatremia. Conclusion: Association of hyponaremia and severity of hyponatremia in severe LRTI with need of non-rebreathing face mask, ventilatior, outcome, duration of stay was significant.

Introduction: Usually, eclampsia is the commonest cause of convulsions in pregnancy next being epilepsy. Moreover, in developing countries like Bangladesh, perinatal condition in eclampsia is a major concern of infant injury. So, proper treatment planning and initiatives against eclampsia can save many lives by decreasing the total mortality and morbidity of child and mother. The aim of our study was to assess the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with eclampsia in a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. Proper written consents form all the participants were obtained and the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital had approved the study before starting the intervention. In total 78 pregnant women with eclampsia were selected as the study population. A predesigned questioner was used in collecting patient data. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by using MS Office and SPSS version 23 as per need. Result: As final outcome we observed, there was not any case of multiple pregnancy or maternal mortality. Among total 78 fetus, cases of stillbirth (SB), early neonatal death (END), perinatal death (END + SB) and death after birth were found as 8%, 12%, 19% and 4% respectively. So, total case of neonatal death was found 35% whereas the survival rate was 65%. As neonatal complication among survived babies, frequencies of jaundice, septicemia and respiratory distress were found in 27%, 24% and 18% babies respectively who were noticeable. As maternal complication, cases of ICU admission, acute kidney injury and haemorrhagic stroke were found as 4%, 3% and 1% respectively. Conclusion: Stillbirth may be considered as the main component and prematurity may be considered as another important cause of perinatal mortality in obstetric management of delivery in pregnant mothers with eclampsia. Early referral of eclamptic patients, early resuscitative measures as well as good neonatal care can improve perinatal outcomes in such cases.

Introduction: cystic adenoid carcinoma of the Bartholin gland is a very rare tumor with a low incidence of 1% of female genital malignancies; it is characterized by its aggressive nature and frequent recurrence. Case report: We report a case of a cystic adenoid carcinoma of Bartholin's gland in a 38-year-old female patient who was treated surgically with good evolution. Conclusion: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a very rare tumor of the Bartholin gland, whose diagnosis is based on the anatomopathological study.

The fatigue damage and the stress distribution in potable water tanks coatings can be influenced by different factor particularly the vibration that results from various sources. In this paper, study the effect of vibration on fatigue resistance of two types of epoxy coatings (polyamine and polyamide epoxy coatings) used for potable water tanks. The vibration fatigue test apparatus is collected in the laboratory and used for testing. As a result the vibration reduced the fatigue limits of both types of coats compared to static case. Also, there is a reduced in values of the constants of Basquin’s equation for vibration fatigue tests compared to the static case. The applied coatings improve the fatigue resistance of stainless steel.

The study evaluated the effect of water accounting on employment generation in Bayelsa state. The general objective of the study is to assess the effect of water accounting on employment generation in Bayelsa state. The study was anchored on protection motivation theory. Survey research design was adopted in the study and data collected were analyzed using z-test and descriptive statistics. The findings show that water accounting has significant impact on employment generation in Bayelsa state. There is high level of relationship between water management in employment generation in Bayelsa state. It was recommended that government should provide clean and portable water for its citizens through proper management and accounting of water resources. Government should also put in place functional water management system. Government should ensure public enlightenment to debunk the idea that services provided by the government should not be paid by her citizens.

Introduction: Fistulas are abnormal connection between two body parts that is not supposed to be there. Differenc types of fistulas can occur among both male and female, but obstetric fistulas are more common among women. Because of the physical, psychological, and social repercussions of urine leakage, people with Vesicovaginal Fistula become severely incapacitated. These fistulas are typically caused by hindered labor and trauma. The most prevalent kind of fistula is vesicovaginal fistula, which is a serious condition that can bring physical, emotional, and social issues for both the afflicted and their family. Fistulas are more common in underdeveloped nations. The study's goal was to look at the socio-demographic features of fistula patients in a specific area. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the social demographic characteristics of fistula patients of Rangpur region. Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Obs and Gynae, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years, from September 2006 to September 2008. A total of 50 patients were selected for the present study following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: 60% of the patients were between the age of 21-30 years, and 38% were between 31-40 years. 62% of the precent study participants had low socio-economic status. 72% of the women were of smaller stature (≤145 cm). 84% of the patients had vesicovaginal fistula, 12% had mixed type of fistulas. 24% had associated complications. Successful outcome was observed in 84% of cases. Conclusion: The study showed that obstetric fistula is more common among the women of lower social economic class with low availability of medical facilities. Women of small stature are at higher risk of fistulas, and among the different types of fistulas, vesicovaginal fistulas are the most common.

The stomach is one of the frequent sites of metastasis from invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. The clinical presentation and the endoscopic findings for metastasis carcinoma are nonspecific and may mimic that of a primary gastric tumor. The distinction between these two neoplasms may be very difficult but essential as the basis of the treatment is different. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses are the gold standard for establishing the diagnosis of the primary site. We report the case of a 68-yearold patient with metastatic breast cancer mimicking a primary stomach cancer.

Background: Use of several anesthetic agents to induce anesthesia is not new and they are used to achieve different effects such as sedation, muscle relaxation and pain relief. Propofol has been accepted as an alternative to thiopentone for intravenous induction and is commonly used as an inducing agent and its action is more rapid. Objective: To compare co-induction with a small dose of ketamine is a better option compared to midazolam in reducing induction dose of propofol. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind and interventional study conducted at Department of Anaesthesia, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December-2019. Fifty two adult patients undergoing elective surgery to be performed under general anesthesia were randomized to receive 0.3 mg/kg of Ketamine or 0.03 mg/ kg of Midazolam intravenously as co-induction agent. A minute after administration of co-induction agent, anesthesia was induced with Propofol 40 mg bolus then 10 mg every 10 seconds until the loss of verbal response. The hemodynamic response at 0, 1, 2, 5 minutes respectively and the induction dose of Propofol were noted. Results: A total of 52 patients (n=26 in each group) who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The patients where between age group of 20 years to 71 years and weight of 40 kg to 80 kg and had ASA physical status 1. As there were no significant differences in age, sex, weight and ASA physical status of patients, between the two groups, both of the groups were comparable. The mean arterial pressure heart rates were significantly lower at 1, 2 and 5 minutes in midazolam group. However, mean arterial pressure and heart were within the physiological range in both the groups. Propofol dose requirement for induction between the two groups was similar (p>0.05) but co-induction significantly decreased the induction dose of Propofol as compared to standard recommended dose for induction. Conclusion: Our study showed that hemodynamic variables were maintained within the physiological range with midazolam and ketamine co-induction. However, lesser degree of decrease in mean arterial pressure was seen with ketamine but the heart rate was higher. A similar reduction of induction dose of propofol was achieved with both the drugs.

Background: Acinetobacter species has emerged as an important pathogen globally in various infections especially in hospital acquired infections. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Acinetobacter species from wound swab samples. Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional study was undertaken in Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, Bangladesh from period January 2014 to December 2014. A total 13 Acinetobacter were collected from 292 wound infection patients of surgery word and its allied brances in Rajshahi medical college hospital (RMCH). Isolation, Identification and sensitivity of Acinetobacter species were performed by manual method. Results: Out of 292 patients 13(4.4%) patients showed growth of Acinetobacter species. Resistance observed to Meropenem was 38.46%, Piperacillin -Tazobactum 61.53%, Amikacin 53.84%, Ceftazidime 76.92%, Gentamicin 61.53% and Levoflaxacin 67.23%. This data suggest that Acinetobacter isolated from hospital exhibits resistanace to multiple antimicrobial drugs. Conclusion: The study will help to implement better infection control strategies and improve the knowledge of antibiotic resistance patterns of Acinetobacter species in our region.

Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare pathology, which can be encountered postpartum or postabortum. Its severity is linked to the risk of extension to the vena cava and therefore to the resulting risk of pulmonary embolism. Its diagnosis remains difficult due to the existence of misleading signs, but is currently facilitated by new imaging data: ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The treatment is mainly medical, combining heparin therapy and antibiotic therapy, surgery being reserved for complicated forms. We report a case of postpartum ovarian thrombosis at the Suissi maternity hospital in Rabat in a woman with a sparkling picture of appendicitis.

Daily, seasonable and annual variation on precipitation should be carried out properly to enhance the better relaxation caused by damaging drain structure, hydraulic parameters and even climatic disorder. In order to incorporate all these needs and to enhance the existing research theories and even on developing new theories, this study will surely provide basic framework. The problems for the researcher as well as meteorological department for the further study of climatic change action and to provide basic knowledge to the farmer and agricultural department to yield seasonal wise crops without consideration of hydrological analysis (i.e. precipitation data) associates problems like flood risk and drought causing loss of lives and property. For the hydrological study, daily and monthly rainfall data was obtained from meteorological station from the year 1991-2020. The monthly and daily precipitation concentration were determined using Time series analysis, single mass curve analysis, coefficient of variation and spatial analysis and were represented using Histogram chart, Spreadsheet and GIS tool. With this, daily, monthly, seasonal wise variation on precipitation with respect to location wise (Spatial) as well as Time wise (Temporal) was obtained. The temporal characteristic shows that peak month of rainfall were July and August for all the regions. Considering Total Annual, the maximum value is at Beni Bazar i.e. more than 200000mm and least in the Ranipauwa i.e less than 10000mm. The mean annual rainfall of 30 years indicating that the Beni Bazar, Myagdi region has the highest rainfall and Ranipauwa, Mustang the least. Similarly, trend analysis shows that there are increasing (+ve), decreasing (-ve) and somewhat constant trends for the different stations. Furthermore, results from variability and reliability data shows that that Ranipauwa has the highest annual variability (138.86%) and Lumle has the least annual variability (15%) in which in turn implies that the rainfall at Lumle is more reliable than other areas. The computed Spatial and Temporal variation on rainfall has been developed as a basic tool for further research. It will also help farmers to know seasonal wise crops production as well as analysis of storm water for the construction of drainage system. These findings can be considered for monitoring extreme weather events like; erosion and floods. This would therefore contribute significantly to the effective management and sustainable development of the Gandaki Province and region having similar topographical features, which are rain dependent.

Article 88 of Law Number 19 of 2003 jo. SOE Minister Regulation Number PER-02/MBU/7/2017 stipulates that BUMN companies (State Owned Enterprises) are required to implement PKBL (Partnership and Community Development Programs). The obligation to implement PKBL is basically intended to be able to contribute in the effort to empower micro and small businesses in Indonesia. This study discusses the effectiveness of the implementation of PKBL at PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) Lampung Branch and the obstacles faced in implementing PKBL in an effort to empower micro and small businesses in Lampung. This research is an empirical normative legal research with a descriptive type of research as well as an applied normative approach (applied law approach). The results of the study indicate that in the context of empowering micro and small businesses, PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) Lampung Branch has implemented a Partnership Program (PK) which is distributed in 2 (two) forms, namely loans to finance business capital and guidance to fostered partners. Meanwhile, the Community Development Program (PBL) has also been implemented and distributed in 3 (three) forms, namely in the fields of education and training, community social assistance, and worship facilities. In the implementation of PKBL, obstacles were found, namely the problem of refunding funds from several fostered partners that were not smooth. Another obstacle is the distance between the place of business or the location of the program which is quite far from the office of PT Jasa Raharja (Persero) Lampung Branch so that it results in not being able to optimally carry out field surveys or provide guidance to each fostered partner or to all fostered partners.

In recent years, Twak Vikar (Dermatological manifestations) are common and more so frequent in the elder age. There is a definite increase in its incidence especially, in the tropical region and developing countries like India due to various reasons like unhygienic environmental conditions, poverty, poor sanitation, illiteracy, malnutrition, improper skin care etc. The patients of skin disease are additionally prone to experience physical, emotional & socio-economic embarrassment in the society due to disfigured appearance. Dadru is one of the commonly occurring skin diseases which can be defined as an entity manifested by intractable itching, scaling, erythema with the lesions discoid in shape. Dadru, is a Kapha (Energy that forms the body’s structure) Pitta (Body’s metabolic system) Pradhan (prominent) Vyadhi (Disease). Acharya Charak has placed Dadru under Kshudra Kushth (Minor skin disease) but Acharya Sushrut and Acharya Vagbhata kept it under Mahakushth (Major skin disease). Acharyas did not explained separate Nidan (causative and diagnostic factor) for Dadru Kushth. The knowledge of Nidan is helpful for proper Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of disease.