A plethora of medicinal plants have been shown to improve memory, cognition, and intelligence. Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and Cannabis sativa (Marijuana) have been shown to affect memory, cognition, and intelligence too. This study aimed at comparing the effects of Zingiber officinale and Cannabis sativa on learning and memory was carried out in Swiss mice. The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 animals each. Group 1 (control) were fed mice feed. Group 2 (ginger group) were fed with a ginger-laced diet containing ginger and mice feed at a percentage ratio of 5:95. Group 3 (marijuana group) were fed with a marijuana-laced diet containing marijuana and mice feed at the percentage ratio of 5:95. All mice were fed for 14 days and given water to drink daily. Daily food and water intake were recorded. The mice were evaluated for learning and spatial memory using novel object recognition tests and data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and T test respectively. The result showed that the Zingiber officinale group showed significantly better memory as seen by an increase in the recognition index when compared to the other groups. This shows that Zingiber officinale shows positive effects on cognition than Cannabis sativa at the same dose.

Background and Objective: Wilms’ tumor has been recognized as the most common primary malignant tumor of kidney at childhood. It comprises 5-6% of tumors in the childhood period, and manifests with various clinical symptoms. Since there have been no sufficient studies in this field in Bangladesh, therefore, this study was conducted to investigate its histopathology and different clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on existing data from 70 children with a diagnosis of Wilms’ tumor at Bangladesh Shishu Hospital during the years 2015-2020. In this regard, personal and disease-related characteristics of patients including age, sex, tumor stage, histopathology, and involved kidney were evaluated and SPSS software and other statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results: The most common age of disease incidence was 2-4 years. In this regard, male and female ratio was 1.5. Meanwhile, the prevalence of an abdominal mass as the most common symptom was 85.0%. Left kidney was involved in 50% of cases and 58 (82.86%) of patients had a favorable histology. In addition, there was a significant correlation between site of kidney involvement and tumor histology (p<0.005). Conclusion: Considering the achieved advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilms’ tumor, early diagnosis with regard to clinical symptoms can have a valuable role in its effective management.

This article examines the nexus between the extractive sector laws and energy development in Cameroon with focus on renewable energy in order to promote sustainable national livelihoods for the benefit of all and sundry. It should immediately be pointed out that, traditional energy sources like mining, oil and gas, or betterstill fossil fuels; are environmentally disastrous. These traditional energy sources contribute enormously in the emission of Green House Gases that are major threats to climate change to which the globe is confronted to nowadays. This article therefore articulates on how the extractive sector laws can serve as a pivot in making the use of renewable energy sources important in the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. More still, it is regrettable that the current extractive laws in the country do not sufficiently take into cognizance the need to explore renewable energy sources. In consequence to the shortcomings noticed in the extractive sector laws in Cameroon in enhancing energy development with focus on renewable energy, the key recommendation to this legislative quagmire in the extractive sector laws is that, there is urgent need to review some provisons of the extractive sector laws so that, it should henceforth take into keen consideration the relevance of energy development by paying attention on the imoportance of reneawable energy.

Trans-border insecurity remains a major preoccupation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and particularly in the Far North Region of Cameroon. The porous borders of states in the Lake Chad region has enhance trans-border insecurity stemming from the illicit movement of people, goods and arms leading to the displacement of persons across borders. This is the case of the Far North Region of Cameron hosting displaced persons in two of its six divisions (Mayo Sava and Mayo Tsanaga) due to the nefarious activities of Boko Haram terrorist sect. The study employed a mixed research design made up of the descriptive and quantitative designs in accordance with the stated objectives. This design permitted the collection of pertinent data from both secondary and primary sources. Secondary information was obtained from libraries, archives of institutions such as end of year reports of local NGOs and other international institutions working with displaced persons. From the libraries of ENS and National Polytechnic Maroua, information on trans-border insecurity and the management of displaced persons were obtained from text books and already defended dissertations. Results revealed that, the categories of displaced persons in area include; IDP (50%), refugees (36.4%) and returnees (13.6%). The numbers of attacks reached its peak in 2014 and Mayo Sava and Mayo Tsanaga recorded over 250 attacks. Results also show fluctuating trend of displacements between 2012 and 2022. The years 2012 to 2015 was marked by increasing wave of displaced persons with IDPs recording 77,695, out of Camp refugees 6870 and returnees 10,316. Between 2017 and 2018, there was relative calm as the number of displaced (IDPs) dropped rapidly to 21,312 persons while the number of returnees increased to 4,397. Out of Camp refugees also recorded a drop in numbers that is 32,669 people. Between 2019 and 2020, a 7.8% increase in displaced persons was witnessed in Mayo Sava while Mayo Tsanaga registered an increase of 3.9%. Between April 2019 and March 2021, the numbers of attacks increased with IDPs surging to 341,000 while returnees in 2021 also rose to 124,300 persons. Therefore, the number of attacks greatly affects displacements and response strategies must engaged local leaders.

This study investigates the relationship between cultural identity and academic stress coping strategies of African students studying in Nigerian institutions (a case of university of Lagos). The study employed a qualitative grounded theory methodology using semi-structured interviews with twenty students from varied ethnic backgrounds. The findings indicated that cultural identity was a potent psychological resource that increases motivation, resilience, and the generation of meaning in challenging academic environments. Also, it revealed that informal communal networks such as peer groups, ethnic student associations and religious communities were a critical source of emotional and academic support, often filling the void left by underused campus mental health resources. Furthermore, spirituality, in particular, became an important resource for coping as it provided a re-conceptualisation for Hausa and minority ethnic students. Moreover, the most noteworthy finding of the study was that the students from an ethnic majority reported significantly greater communal coping resources than their minority peers, thanks to the differences in support systems available. These findings emphasize the importance of culturally appropriate treatments and call for identity-based, community and spiritual coping mechanisms to be integrated into student support frameworks. By integrating coping and culture within a culturally ingrained process, the study contributes to the understanding of the literature. It also offers practical recommendations for the development of culturally sensitive mental health policy in Nigerian colleges.

Nurses are the primary care givers in hospitals and are more likely to encounter violence because of the amount of time spent in direct patient care. This study aimed to explore recent workplace violence literature against nurses in Saudi Arabia in terms of prevalence, precipitating factors and recommendations for prevention. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract then a full-text assessment was implemented. Violence against nurses could be in various forms of aggression and bullying that often manifests as verbal abuse, physical abuse, and emotional torture, which is cruel, rude, vindictive, humiliating and/or offensive. It is a public health and legal problem. Nurses are most of the healthcare workforce in Saudi Arabia, and more likely to encounter violence. Violence against nurses impairs job performance after the incident. It also reduces job satisfaction and may compel nurses to leave their job. Perpetrators are found to be patients, relatives, and co-workers. Improving health security system and increasing staffing and their training on proper dealing with violence are highly recommended. Also, enforcing rules and regulations is an important demand to control and prevent violence against health care workers.

Economic growth in Indonesia has experienced fluctuating growth, especially in recent years has decreased. Meanwhile, when viewed in terms of the distribution of Zakat funds, as well as Infaq and also Shadaqah and the Human Development Index experienced growth from year to year. This situation is expected to encourage economic growth in Indonesia. But in fact, economic growth has decreased. This study aims to analyze the influence of zakat, infaq and shadaqah fund disbursements as well as the Human Development Index in encouraging economic growth. By using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression data analysis. Data used from 2002-2021 which includes annual data. The results of this study show that the distribution of ZIS funds shows a negative and significant influence on Economic Growth. And the Human Development Index also has a negative but not significant effect. Simultaneously, the distribution of ZIS funds and the Human Development Index shows a positive and significant influence on economic growth variables.

Visionary Leadership is a leadership concept whose main work is focused on engineering a challenging future. The challenge faced by universities is to improve brand image and competitiveness in the current competitive era. This study used the case study method with in-depth interview data collection techniques, participant observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed systematically and interactively during data mining to obtain research findings. The research findings show that visionary leadership is able to improve the quality, brand image, and competitiveness of tertiary institutions at UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatulullah Tulungagung Indonesia. The ability possessed by leaders in formulating visions, transforming visions, and implementing visions is an important factor in increasing the brand image and competitiveness of tertiary institutions in the competitive era. Leaders can clearly know the opportunities that will be achieved and overcome the challenges that will be faced in the future well. Leaders can take strategic steps in positioning the organization and are able to get success in realizing the vision and mission of the organization. Being proactive in carrying out leadership tasks becomes the strength of a visionary leader in realizing the vision and mission of the organization.

Objective: Study aimed to describe the effect of dexamethasone pulse therapy by assessing its efficacy on patients infected with COVID-19 complicated with MIS-C. Methods: This is single center, retrospective case series study that was conducted in Saudi Arabia. We report all eligible patients who diagnosed with MIS-C and received pulse therapy of dexamethasone during COVID-19 pandemic from 2020-2022. The study endpoints were success to wean or extubate the patient and discharge from the PICU. Results: Three patients were included in this report. All three patients received dexamethasone pulse therapy were successfully improved. After five to seven days were discharged from PICU. Conclusion: Our clinical experience suggests that the efficacy of dexamethasone with MIS-C as alternative to methylprednisolone could be effective.

This study aimed to assess and evaluate the perceptions of healthcare practitioners regarding the different aspects of the quality of care in Najran General Hospital and examine how that influence their response to quality roles. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Total Quality Tasks (TQT) questionnaire, which was completed by 76 healthcare practitioners. The TQT measures three dimensions of total quality management (TQM): Quality Practice (QP), Quality Faith (QF), and Quality Knowledge (QK). The results showed that the overall mean scores for QP, QF, and QK were 6.5, 6.2, and 2.3, respectively, indicating a medium level of TQM among the healthcare practitioners. There were significant differences in the mean scores of QP, QF, and QK based on gender and job title. No significant differences were found based on age, nationality, and experience. These findings suggest the need for interventions to improve TQM among healthcare practitioners, particularly for males and those in administrative positions. Future research should consider the inclusion of a larger sample size and multiple hospitals to further examine the influence of various factors on TQM among healthcare practitioners.

In the dynamic environment of the operating theatre, patient safety and procedural efficiency are paramount. This article sheds light on the indispensable contributions of anesthesia technicians and nurses in ensuring optimal outcomes during surgical procedures. It discusses their roles, responsibilities, and collaborative efforts, emphasizing the significance of teamwork, communication, and skill proficiency. Furthermore, it explores strategies for effective coordination between anesthesia technicians and nurses, fostering a cohesive and patient-centered approach. By highlighting the critical functions performed by these professionals, this article aims to underscore their vital role in delivering high-quality care and maintaining standards of excellence in the operating theatre.

Background: Smoking is the non-communicable and chronic disease of lungs. This study determines the rate of prevalence and determinants of smoking among school students in rural community of Lahore. Significance: This study was conducted to determine the factors that effects on their health status include both physiological and psychological status and how it influences on their personality development. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional quantitative study was conducted at Malikpur community Lahore. Researchers collected the sample by using simple random sampling technique. Total out of 90 students the 73 students voluntarily participated in this study. Result: The findings of the study showed that prevalence of smoking among school students was 30.1% in which the female students was excluded.15.1% students smoke for pleasure seeking while 5.5% smoke due to stress and 4.1% smoke because of peers pressure and 2.7% smoke due to curiosity. Conclusion: There is a need to conduct preventive programs to focus on various social and behavioral aspects to help in smoking cessation and reduce prevalence and determinants of smoking.

This study is an analytical descriptive research, and has aimed at identifying the role of the social worker in working with conditions and diseases that need to be assisted with behavioral therapy in government hospitals and identifying obstacles that limit his role, to proposals to overcome those constraints. The study has been applied to a random sample of 54 specialists and social workers working in government hospitals in Jazan region during the first quarter of 1440H. A questionnaire researcher was adopted as a data collection tool in order to identify the actual role of the social worker in the field of Behavioral therapy in government hospitals and to identify the obstacles facing the social worker in working with Behavioral therapy cases or patients in government hospitals and to reach proposals to activate the role of social worker in working with Behavioral therapy cases or patients in government hospitals. The results showed that the specialist plays an active role in the field of Behavioral therapy in government hospitals such as (assisting the patient in obtaining services in the hospital and defining the plan treatment to the patient family. The presence of obstacles facing the social worker in working with Behavioral therapy cases or patients in government hospitals such as low awareness of the nature of the work of the social worker and insufficient training courses available to social workers with Behavioral therapy cases or patients and lack of knowledge of the family of the patient about the importance of the role of the social worker in working with Behavioral therapy cases or patients and In order to activate the role of the social worker in working with Behavioral therapy cases or patients and overcome the obstacles, a number of proposals were suggested, such as: Cooperation with the institutions concerned with Behavioral therapy cases patients to activate The role of the social worker and the description of the role of social medical specialist with Behavioral therapy cases or patients within the guide of policies and procedures of social service medical approved by the ministry and the survey of the views of patients to identify the positive and negative aspects of the services provided to them.

Objectives: The systematic review objective was designed to assess the effects of local interventions used for the prevention and treatment of pain associated with orthodontic treatments. Methods: A digital literature search was carried out between 2000 and 2022 in the following databases, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews. Results: Orthodontic patients' quality of life was significantly impacted negatively by the discomfort associated with fixed orthodontic equipment. There were poor dental hygiene, slurred speech, difficulty chewing, movable teeth, decreased taste, halitosis, and gingival bleeding which were frequently the main indicators of pain. Conclusion: Patients might, to some extent, prevent pain and suffering with the support of effective orthodontist- patient dialogue and targeted dietary guidance. However, analgesics continue to be a trusted and widely used method for subsiding painful sensations.

Washington Irving was the first American to gain international recognition for his remarkable creation, Rip Van Winkle, and is the best known and best loved of American folklore characters. Washington Ring was not only a brilliant historian, but he was also a superb biographer. During his first three and a half years in Spain, he spent a lot of time reading extensively. The majority of his time was spent at the library, and the subjects of his research notes were Arabs and Arab culture. In this study, we will investigate the personal and cultural factors that led Washington Irving to write about the Arab world. While travelling, Irving "thought of producing a collection of tales of various places made of legends," as he wrote in his journal. A closer examination reveals deeper connections between the two endeavours (gathering legends and developing a pan-history) than it at first appears. A list of Irving's Arabesque works should show how important they are in relation to the rest of his work and how much reading and research went into them. This research will utilise Irving's extensive readings to provide a historical context for the major traditions that will be examined, while also providing an overview of the current condition of orientalism in relation to Arab culture. To illustrate Arab culture, I will analyse every facet of Orientalism in Irving's works (settings, satire, history, fiction, etc.) and see how they relate to the study of Arabic literature. This work will encourage future researchers to conduct a thorough examination of Irving's background research that compelled him to write his other works.