The aim of our study was to understand the daily experience of adolescent girls in the Congo district who had experienced early childbearing in order to contribute to improving the sexual reproductive health of adolescent girls. This is a qualitative study approached in a phenomenological approach and it falls within the field of reproductive health. The method used for this study was the phenomenological survey and the free individual interview of 15 to 20 minutes. Our sample was 9 teenagers who had granted their availability to participate in the study. After reading our transcripts of interviews recorded with 9 respondents. Adolescent girls perceive early childbearing as an act of dishonor to family and society. Regarding the consequences of early childbearing, adolescents cited bad reputation in society, abandonment by the family and lack of support for the burden of pregnancy. In their experience as victims of early motherhood, these teenage girls used the following means to overcome difficulties: Courage and advice from people, as well as Resourcefulness and help from parents. As for the methods used by adolescents to prevent a new pregnancy, they resort to abstinence, respect for the menstrual cycle, and the use of condoms and implants. With regard to the expectation of adolescent girls who are victims of early childbearing, they seek moral and financial support from the parents and the hope of a marriage from the sexual partner.

Cervical ectopic is a life-threatening gynaecological emergency. It is highly prone to severe hemorrhage with maternal morbidity and mortality. It has an incidence of 1% and requires prompt diagnosis. Management is usually individualized and depends on gestational age, presentation severity and the available options and expertise. It could be medical, surgical endoscopically or a combination of treatment. A cervical ectopic in a 32-year-old nullipara who had a negative exploratory laparotomy on account of missed cervical ectopic and later a failed medical management with methotrexate. She subsequently had a dilatation and curettage under spinal anesthesia followed by medical management with repeat three doses of systemic methotrexate due to persistent haemorrhage. She was monitored with a serial level of beta human chorionic gonadotrophins until normal level was attained. Cervical ectopic is a rare form of ectopic gynaecological health workers need to have a high index of suspicion in making diagnosis and prompt intervention instituted. Though there is no standard management protocol, combination therapy of available management options has proven to be effective.

This paper is intended to review and discuss the evolution of financing instruments which are implemented on the infrastructure development projects in Bangladesh. To describe the available financing tools for infrastructure development in Bangladesh. All the instruments have divided into three sections, such as; Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Islamic Finance (IF). We also discuss the acts and legislation activities related to the infrastructure as well as these three modes of financing to find out the factors needed to be assessed for suggesting the government of Bangladesh. This is qualitative research utilizing case study. The outcome of this study reveals why Shariah based financing is in fact the best and most suited way of financing the development of infrastructure in Bangladesh. Due to the regulatory constraints, many Islamic financial institutions are unable to invest their funds on infrastructure projects in Bangladesh. It is anticipated that through the outcome of this research, Shariah based financing instrument can be enhanced the infrastructure growth in Bangladesh and it will provide guidance to the potential Islamic financial institutions to contribute the funds required to develop a specific infrastructural project in Bangladesh.

Coriandrum sativum has been used in traditional medicines as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antibacterial agent. It is recently been shown to have antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Coriandrum sativum Leaf (FRFCSL) on Lipid Profile, Nitric Oxide, Ang II and Cardio Histopathology in L-NAME intoxicated Experimental Rats. Standard analytical method and DPPH radical scavenging activity were employed for the phytochemicals and antioxidant analysis respectively. The acute toxicity study showed the extract and flavonoids fraction are nontoxic at 5000mg/kg body weight. Thirty rats were divided into five groups of six (6) rats each. Group 1 was administered water and feed only, Group 2 was administered 40mg/kg N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) without treatment, Group 3 through 5 were administered 40mg/kg N-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) with concomitant administration of Captopril (20mg/kg b.w), FRFCSL (200mg/kg b.w) and FRFCSL (400mg/kg b.w) respectively for 21 days. In phytochemical screening, presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, steroids were confirmed as part of secondary metabolites in the extract. The flavonoid fraction showed increase % DPPH radical inhibition in concentration-dependent manner. FRFCSL treatment significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently lowered low density lipoprotein and triglycerides. Also It significantly (p<0.05) prevented L-NAME induced decrease in serum angiotensin II, high density lipoprotein and serum nitric oxide concentrations compared to the untreated rats. The Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Coriandrum Sativum Leaf showed great potential as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective agent in rats thus confirming its usefulness in traditional health therapy and potential for antihypertensive drug development.

The dynamic business environment is ingrained with high levels of competition eulogizing the need for salient functional strategies to stay afloat. Thus, the management of the manufacturing industry must formulate and implement functional strategies which would guarantee their competitiveness. However, after years of policy mending through strategic framework and government interventions the sugar factories in Kenya are still under- performing with low productivity culminating to low competitiveness and massive indebtedness within the industry. It is in this regard that the study was designed to assess the effect of functional strategies such us financial, marketing, production, human resources on competitiveness of sugar industries in western Kenya as moderated by government interventions. The study relied on institutional theory, Porters generic theory and resource-based view theories. In a bid to effectively achieve this, the study adopted a cross-sectional study design based on samples drawn from across the sugar industry in western Kenya. The study relied on all heads of departments and supervisors of all the five sugar firms which are 98 purposively selected. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire from the respondents and analyzed by use of both inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS version 25. From the study findings correlations among the functional strategies and competitiveness were significant. With a moderator the variables jointly explained 66.6% (R2= 0.666) variation in competitiveness of sugar industry with a significant F change at ρ<.05. In conclusion government intervention significantly influences the relationship between functional strategies and competitiveness of sugar industry. The management of sugar industry should formulate and implement functional strategies in line with government interventions to effectively enhance their competitiveness.

A current paradox in the Vietnamese labor market is that there is lack of workers with enough knowledge and skills to meet the needs of the job, but an abundance of those who cannot. The reason for this situation is that in the process of training and education, universities have focused a lot on equipping learners with knowledge, the formation and development of professional skills are often given less attention. Therefore, post-trained human resources entering the labor market still lack the necessary skills in the labor process. Meanwhile, firms in Vietnam are well aware of the great role of workers' working skills, which is an important factor in the current period, especially skills to adapt to the 4th industrial revolution. Therefore, in the process of educating, training and fostering human resources in school, higher education institutions need to consider supplementing and equipping learners with necessary skills to create products. The school’s output can best meet the needs of recruitment and jobs in the labor market in the current new period.

Background: Cardiotocography (CTG) being a simple noninvasive tool has been used more frequently in recent decades to detect fetal distress & to reduce neonatal mortality &morbidity related to fetal hypoxia. On the other hand, umbilical cord blood gas can be used to detect fetal acidaemia due to fetal distress more accurately. This study aimed to correlate fetal monitoring findings by intrapartum CTG with umbilical cord blood pH & lactate level &test the ability of CTG to predict fetal distress & neonatal outcome. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram, Bangladesh for one year from July 2020 to June 2021. It included 80 term singleton pregnancies in active labour. Intrapartum CTG was taken and classified into normal, suspicious and pathological according to FIGO guidelines of CTG monitoring 2015. Mode of delivery, liquor colour, Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), adverse neonatal outcomes were observed. Immediately after delivery of the baby 10 cm of the umbilical cord was clamped doubly and 2-3 ml of umbilical cord arterial blood was taken immediately in a pre-heparinized syringe and sent to a laboratory for assessment of pH and lactate to detect fetal acidosis. Antenatal CTG was correlated to neonatal outcomes and cord blood acidosis by statistical analysis. Results: In this study, 40.0% of the women had normal CTG, 38.8% had suspicious CTG, and 21.2% had pathological CTG. There was a significant worsening of neonatal outcomes across these three groups concerning depressed (<7) Apgar scores at 1 minute (40.6%, 80.6%, and 100%; P<0.001), depressed Apgar scores at 5 minutes (3.1%, 22.6%, and 47.1%; P<0.001), and admission to the NICU (9.4%, 38.6%, and 70.7%; P<0.001). When CTG was pathological or suspicious CTG delivery by LSCS was 5.33 times higher (RR: 5.33; 95% CI: 2.09 -13.63) compared to subjects with normal CTG. There was also a progressive worsening of cord blood pH (7.25±0.05, 7.20±0.06, and 7.13±0.09; P<0.001) and a progressive increase in lactate (3.66±1.01 mmol/l, 4.79±1.61 mmol/l, and 6.63±2.18 mmol/l; P<0.001). Conclusions: It should be concluded that pathological CTG which correlates intrapartum fetal hypoxia with cord blood acidaemia and adverse neonatal outcomes. As cardiotocography is a simple, cost-effective noninvasive tool it can be used to detect fetal distress in labour. Continues CTG monitoring can be offered or recommended in every labour room setting to detect fetal distress & early intervention to prevent neonatal morbidity & mortality.

The centrality of exchange rate in stock market performance cannot be over-emphasized. Thus, this study examined the dynamic effects of exchange rate on market capitalization in Nigeria. The specific objectives are to examine the effects of nominal exchange rate, real effective exchange rate, real interest rate and inflation rate on market capitalization using time series data which were obtained from the WDI and World Federation Exchanges Database between 1993 and 2020. Unit root test, cointegration test, ARDL estimation method, Granger causality tests were applied to analyze the data. The unit root test results showed that only market capitalization is stationary at levels whereas the other variables become stationary at first difference. The bounds cointegration test result revealed that market capitalization has long run relationship with the explanatory variables. The results revealed that real effective exchange rate impacted positively on the market capitalization. This implies that increase in real exchange rate (depreciation of the naira) creates opportunity for increase in the capital market size. The results further revealed that nominal exchange rate has an insignificant positive effect on market capitalization in the short run and long run. This could be linked to the inconsistency that characterizes the official exchange rate policy in Nigeria. It was also found that real interest rate has significant negative effect on market capitalization in the long run. At the same time, inflation rate negatively affected market capitalization. The Granger causality test results showed that a unidirectional causality runs from real interest rate and market capitalization. Given the findings, this study recommends that policymakers should ensure that the exchange rate management prioritizes a realistic and stable exchange rate to boost global competitiveness and improve market capitalization.

Background: Coronary artery disease is a known entity of morbidity and mortality in industrialised countries. It is a major public health problem around the world. Coronary artery disease increase incidence in Indian population at least 10 years before in age than other ethnic groups. There are a numbers of factors associated with atherosclerosis the most important one is dyslipidemia. Recent studies suggest that over the span of 20 years, the total amount of triglycerides, cholesterol and Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) `levels is usually increased in young urban populations. So, a study was performed out to know the prevalence of dyslipidemia in urban North Indians among different set of age groups. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was carried out on patients visiting to the blood collection centre of the Department of Pathology. Patients were divided into 3 groups with age 18 year to 40 year, 41 year to 60 year and >60 year by involving 1989 subjects of whom 532 were between 18 year to 40 year, 522 were between 41year to 60 year and 935 were > 60 year of age. This study included measurement of fasting serum lipid profile comprising of, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL), Triglycerides and total cholesterol. Results: Number of subjects studied, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in <60 years age population. A remarkable difference in mean was observed statistically with the levels of triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol of this age group ranging from 18- 40 years and for those who are >60 years. A remarkable difference for the levels of HDL was not found in age group between 18 – 40 years and > 40 years to 60 years. Mean cholesterol level was observed to be elevated between the age group 18 – 40 years. The mean peak triglycerides were observed in age group between 41-60 years. This elevated mean HDL levels were noticed in the age group who are > 60 years of age. Conclusions: Elevated percentage of dyslipidemia was observed in less than 60yrs age groups. Large population study is required to substantiate the results of this study. It is necessary to plan out comprehensive strategies for the screening and awareness in all ages on periodic basis.

Supervision is the most powerful activity in attaining organizational goals. There are different approaches in the field of academic supervision. The purpose of the study is to justify whether the primary school supervisor’s belief is democratic or bureaucratic approach? A survey model has been used and a pre-determined survey tool was used for data collection, where 125 primary school supervisors provided data willingly by simple random sampling. The results of primary school supervision indicates, 64% of the school supervisors believe in democratic views of supervision, whereas the trend differs depending on working experience or seniority, as well as educational background of supervisors.

Introduction: Nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are a taxonomically diverse group of aerobic, nonsporing, bacilli that either do not utilize glucose as a source of energy or utilize it oxidatively. They occur as saprophytes in the environment and some are also found as commensals in the human gut. In recent year NFGNB have emerged as important health care associated pathogens. They have been incriminated in infections such as bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, wound infections, osteomyelitis etc. Materials and method: During Nine Month study period, various samples were collected aseptically and transported immediately to the bacteriology laboratory. The pathogens were identified by standard laboratory procedures including Gram’s staining, motility, culture, colony characters and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby Bauer method as per the CLSI guidelines using Muller-Hinton agar and available antibiotic disks. Result: A total number of 312 NFGNB were isolated from 4112 clinical samples. Most frequently isolates NFGNB were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (42.62%) and Acinetobacter spp. (25.32%). NFGNB isolates were more common in males (58.33%) as compared to females (41.67%). Maximum sensitivity was seen to Polymyxin B (100%), Meropenem (83.45) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Meropenem (78.48%), Pipracillin-tazobactum (62.02%) in Acinetobacter spp. Conclusion: NFGNB are emerging as important pathogens and shows resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Minimized use of available antimicrobial, regular use antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance and strict infection control measures are required to control this emerging antimicrobial resistance among NFGNB.

The increase in company value is a success that meets shareholders' expectations, because the increase in company value makes shareholders feel more prosperous. The company's high value, resulting in high stock market prices. The goal of this research is to show that profitability and good corporate governance (GCG) have an effect on firm value. In addition, to see if GCG can reduce the impact of profitability on firm value. Furthermore, to see if GCG can mitigate the effect of profitability on firm value. Return on assets is a profitability indicator, whereas GCG indicators include institutional ownership, the number of directors, and the ratio of independent commissioners. This study uses a population of 83 companies. This research uses a population of 83 companies, including 42 banking companies, 14 financial companies, 12 securities companies, and 15 insurance companies. Methods of data collection include literature review and documentation. The SPSS version 25 program was used for data analysis, which included multiple regression and the residual test. The findings of this research indicate that only the number of directors has a significant effect on firm value and GCG is shown as an independent variable. The research's implications will be to help management apply GCG principles more effectively.

The study has been carried out with the objective to explore the provision of occupational safety and health standards in Nepalese legislation in building construction of Gautam Buddha International Airport. For this building such as international terminal building, administrative building, control tower, and fire rescue block were taken for study and analysis. For this population size, sample size of respondent was taken through purposive sampling method. The study found that enforcement status of rules and regulations at construction site was not satisfactory. Most of the workers even didn’t hear about labour act and labour regulation, yet. There was poor implementation of rules &amp; regulations in project site by contractor. Not even a single project was found of having provision of safety officer and no any factory inspector visit to project site till date by which it could easily predict the implementation status of labour act and labour regulation. While a legal framework has been developed, the proper implementation of such legislation is a must to keep up with changing times. The workers must be aware of safety requirement. A saturator action against the issue should be enforced through strong safety committee.

Background: COVID-19 is one of the emerged pandemics that threaten the globe. On the other hand, cannabis smoking is considered one of the risk factors for increased incidence of lung infection, and hence covid-19 infection. Aim: Investigation of potential interactions between covid-19 therapeutic agents and cannabis addiction associated with changes in both or either of therapeutic safety and efficacy. Besides, the effect of cannabis smoking addiction on covid-19 incidence and severity. Discussion: Different studies indicated the effect of cannabis components on the metabolic rate by induction or inhibition of several metabolic pathways. Different drugs used in covid-19 management are either substrates or inhibitors for those metabolic pathways. The final result could be a bidirectional interaction between tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and those drugs used in COVID-19 management. Side effects of elevated levels of both tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, or drug therapeutic agents may occur. Studies showed that cannabis smoking is acting as a risk factor for elevated incidence for pulmonary tract infection and so covid-19 infection. Conclusion: Caution should be taken in consideration, and addiction screening for COVID-19 patients should be performed before starting therapeutic regimen to avoid any possible undesirable effects during treatment and to predict patients response to therapeutic measures applied and disease severity.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus. The present study focused on the multi-diagnosis of a clinical case including; histopathology, the clinical presentation of the patient, and the molecular diagnosis of the tissue. This is a cross-sectional study for patients diagnosed with hydatid cyst disease. Four hospitals in Gaza Strip were included as follows: European Gaza Hospital, AL-Shifa Hospital, Al-Ahli Arab Hospital, and Nasser Hospital (Histopathology Department). A total of 15 clinical cases of hydatidosis are described, with hydatid cysts collected from the four hospitals diagnosed by the clinical presentation of each case, histopathology, and molecular diagnosis. A total of 46.7% of the examined hydatid cyst disease cases were from the liver. The sequencing and analysis revealed one genotype of E. granulosus (G1) responsible for these human hydatid cysts. It is concluded that hydatid cyst disease occurrence is confirmed in the examined human tissue samples and belongs to genotype G1. It is recommended that hydatisosis is known among senior surgeons, we recommend that these cases should be presented in front of early career surgeons, interns and Internists in Gaza Strip Hospitals.