Anthropological assessment becomes the sole available medium for identification of the deceased in most forensic cases. We hope therefore to assess metrically if the femur bone could be used to estimate the age and sex of individuals by focusing on some rare morphological parameters. The skeletal samples of the right femur from 105 individuals (78 males and 27 females), who are within the age range of 21 and 60 years were harvested. The male samples had 53 profiled and 25 specimens non-profiled for age, while the females had 10 profiled and 17 specimens non- profiled for age. Direct measurements were taken for the marrow cavity diameter (MCD) and cortical thickness or radius (CT or Cr) using a centimeter rule and a sliding digital caliper to the nearest 0.1mm.The Marrow Cavity Diameter in our study is higher in the male population (1.70± 0.05) than the female population (1.43± 0.05). This variation was statistically significant (P<0.05) using the student t-test. The radius or thickness of the cortex decreases with age in females but is higher in the female population (0.73±0.03) than the males (0.68±0.03). ANOVA shows that there is a significant variation across male age groups (P=0.00) for the MCD, MA and Area of cortex. The marrow cavity diameter increases with age in males while area of cortex reduces with age in females. It is imperative therefore that the marrow cavity diameter, the medullary area and area of cortex are good assessors of age and sex.

This paper selected three clean energy news reports from China Daily to analyze the logico-semantic relations and function of the clause complex in the discourse based on Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar. The study aims to explore the characteristics of logico-semantic relations in the scientific news report, so as to have a deeper understanding of the sentence structure in the text. According to the five categories of logico-semantic relations, the study found that there are 64 clause complexes, with 22 locution projection, 13 enhancement relation, 12 elaboration relation, 9 idea projection and 8 extension relation. Projection clause type is generally used to evaluate the progress and effect of energy development projects; extension clause type usually emphasizes the impact of energy development or energy projects; enhancement clause type indicates when, where and why the energy transition and energy development projects are taking place and elaboration clause type is used to provide additional instruction of the project. In addition, this study also provides a reference for English learners and news writers.

The transfer of land rights is one of the events and/or legal actions which resulted in the transfer of land rights from the owner to the party other. The transition can be intentional due to legal actions such as: buying and selling, leasing and so on, and also not intentional because of this legal events such as the transfer of rights due to inheritance. This study aims to analyze the current construction of regulation on the registration of transfer of land rights, and find the Registration of Transfer of Land Rights in the Indonesian Legal System Based on the Value of Justice. This type of research is qualitative research. This research uses a social legal research approach. The type of data used is primary and secondary data. Data analysis was done through descriptive analysis. The results of the study found that the registration of the transfer of land rights in not guaranteeing legal certainty and based on the value of justice. This is influenced by the land registration system used in Indonesia in the form of a negative publication system with a positive tendency. In a negative registration system (negative system) with a positive tendency, the government does not provide guarantees for legal certainty for holders of legal evidence (certificates). The government is also not responsible for the data and information contained in land rights certificates. Data and information are considered correct as long as no other party is suing. So it is necessary to reconstruct the regulation of the transfer of land rights from a negative system to a positive system.

Testicular tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of genitourinary TB. It presents as a painless or slightly painful scrotal swelling and so it is difficult to differentiate from typical epididymo-orchitis or other conditions such as tumor or infraction. Middle aged males, especially of 20–40 years of age are most commonly affected, and presented with painful or painless scrotal swelling with or without discharging sinus. Epididymal involvement is usually seen in testicular TB. Ultrasound (USG) and USG-guided fine needle aspiration cytology of testicular swelling for the diagnosis was done, CBNAAT of aspirated fluid of testicular swelling confirm the diagnosis. Anti-TB chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment to ensure the complete resolution of the lesion. However, in very few cases, surgical removal is required for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, we report a very rare case of left sided isolated testicular TB in a 60-year-old male who was completely cured with 6 months regimen of anti-TB chemotherapy.

This study sought to understand the nature of philosophy of education and the concept of knowledge subscribed by the Madrasahs and Islamic Integrated Schools in Zanzibar. The six headmasters; i.e. three from Madrasahs and three from Islamic Integrated Schools were selected as respondents. Semi-structured in-depth interview was employed for primary data collection while secondary data were solicited from relevant documents such as journal articles, textbooks, official reports and proceedings. The findings of the study revealed that the adopted philosophy of education in both types of schools is that of demarcating knowledge in the sense that Madrasahs mainly focus on preparing the students for the success in the future life, while the Islamic Integrated Schools centers on the worldly success. Based on these findings, it is recommended that all relevant educational stakeholders should sit together and find out the best ways on how to improve the curriculum of religious education so that the graduates will be able to think critically or generate original and creative ideas, possess good hearts and live by Islamic values, be successfully educated, and prepared to face the challenges of their time.

The Institute for Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) currently does not prioritize human rights and equal protection before the law, because the regulations regarding the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) are uncertain in their application. The purpose of this study is to find and analyze the Civil Case Execution Regulations regarding the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) which currently have not been able to realize Pancasila justice; Weaknesses of the Civil Case Execution Regulations regarding the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) in Indonesia at this time; and Reconstructing Civil Case Execution Regulations for the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) based on the Pancasila Value of Justice. In this study, the constructivism paradigm was used, the socio-legal research approach method. The data sources in this study consist of primary data sources and secondary data sources consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Related to qualitative descriptive data analysis. Legal theory as an analysis of Grand Theory (Pancasila justice theory), Middle Theory (legal system theory), Aplaid Theory (Progressive Law). The findings of the study are that (1) the Civil Case Execution Regulation on the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) based on the Value of Justice has not been able to realize Pancasila Justice, because it does not prioritize human rights and legal certainty as characteristics of Pancasila justice. Apart from that, it appears that unequal treatment before the law, because of the regulations as stipulated in article 180 paragraph (1) HIR / article 191 paragraph (1) RBG, there must be Authentic Evidence of the Plaintiff, so the Immediate Application of the Decision cannot be dropped if each - each party has authentic evidence. (2) Weaknesses in the Civil Case Execution Regulations regarding the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad). In substance, this regulation is still floating (floating norm) so that the Immediate Decision cannot be implemented and executed (non-executable). This is what causes the legal structure, namely the Court does not comply with the Application of the Immediate Decision (Uitvoerbaar Bij Voorraad). This fact can become a legal culture that is not good, both within the judiciary itself and among justice seekers and society. (3) Reconstruction of Civil Case Execution Regulations on the Implementation of Immediate Decisions (UitVoerbaar Bij Voorraad) based on the Value of Justice by Removing Article 180 paragraph (1) HIR / Article 191 paragraph (1) RBG, to realize Pancasila justice which prioritizes human rights and equality before the law.

As a kind of communicative tool, Wechat becomes more and more necessary among people. Wechat can be used for communicating, learning and even showing one’s personal feelings. In recent years, language used in Wechat attracts more and more linguists’ attention. This article will do empirical research on Chinese and English code-switching used in Wechat by 10 English majors based on theories of social linguistics. Based on Poplack’s classification of code- switching, Syntactic features and behind motivations of Chinese and English code-switching will be explored as well.

A long-term ethnic conflict between the Rohingya Muslim and Buddhist Rakhine communities, the legal exclusion of the Rohingya from the 1982 Citizenship Act, and various forms of discrimination for decades in Myanmar led the Rohingya population to become stateless in their own country and fall into an identity crisis. The study explores how Rohingya refugees fall into the identity crisis and analyzes how they threaten Bangladesh's state security and destroy the state's global image. Using desk-based research, the study found that the identity crisis of Rohingya refugees encouraged them to seek alternative ways of getting Bangladeshi passports and flights worldwide as Bangladeshi nationals, creating an image crisis for Bangladesh through their illegal activities. Focusing on how vulnerable Rohingya refugees are and looking at the security tensions within the hosting state, the study recommends changes to make identity policies for people who have been forced to move.

مما لا شك فيه أن الأدب ظاهرة مهمة من الظواهر الحيوية لدى جميع الأمم! وهو مرآة صافية تتجلى عليها حياة كل أمةٍ ، و مما لا شك فيه أيضا أن الأدب يتأثر بالعوامل المؤثرة في حياة هذه الأمم إيجابا وسلبا. فهو يعطينا صورة واضحة لما يجري في حياة الأمم من النشاطات والأحداث: دينيًّا، أو فكريًّا، أو سياسيًا، أو ثقافيًّا، أو اقتصاديًّا، أو اجتماعيًّا، أو غير ذلك . و موضوع حديث هذه الورقة المتواضعة هو شعر السياسة لدى الدكتور يهوذا أحمد زاريا؛ وهو من شعراء نيجيريا الموهوبين ، له قصائد رائعة في مختلف المناسبات والموضوعات. اختار الباحثان هذا الموضوع السياسي لما له من قريب الصلة بشعار المؤتمر أولا، و لملائمته للظروف السائدة في هذه الفترة التي نعيش فيها اليوم ثانيا. وسوف نرى في هذه المقالة – إن شاء الله – وجهة نظر الشاعر في الواقع السياسي لوطننا الغالي حلوه و مرِّه!! و قد أجرى الباحثان قلميها - في مقالهما – على النقاط الآتية: التعريف بالشاعر – المراد بشعر السياسة – عرض و تحليل بعض النماذج من أشعاره في السياسة – الخاتمة، والله من وراء القصد وهو حسبنا ونعم الوكيل.

In Nigeria, it is standard practice to discharge petrochemical compounds on sewage degradation in a septic tank, which has led to consistent sewage dislodgement in the septic tank that serves our household. The study was carried out to determine the effect of some petrochemical products, such as petrol, kerosene, and diesel. Some laboratory tests were conducted, which included biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, conductivity, and total coliform count. Under aerobic conditions, the researchers built four different experimental sewage treatment systems in the lab. We used a scale ratio of 2: 1 for the effluent and petrochemical products in order to get a total mixture of 200ml for both since the reagent bottle, we used for the test has a total measurement of 300ml. With respect to the above ratio, 33 mL of effluent and 67 mL of petrochemical products such as petrol, kerosene, and diesel were poured into each of the three samples (i.e., the 300 mL reagent bottle), and the last sample was used as the control. Samples were collected at a weekly interval for a period of four weeks for the laboratory tests. The findings of the tests revealed that there was a slow rise in the BOD and the COD during the second week, but that this rise eventually slowed down and became smaller over the course of time. Weekly, the pH, conductivity, and total coliform count decrease. The abrupt spike in the second for BOD and COD is due to the presence of additional carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen molecules, which eventually decrease with time. This merely indicates that petrochemical products have the potential to be utilised in the reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and coliform bacteria found in sewage.

Recently Value-Added Tax (VAT) has been implemented in Saudi Arabia. This study explores the perception of VAT from various perspectives to evaluate recent experience in VAT implementation. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed in Arabic and English to survey VAT awareness in Saudi Arabia. A total of 349 responses were collected and analyzed to obtain the results. The findings reveal that most sample respondents know about VAT and its positive effect on tax revenues and concur with the importance of its proper implementation. However, VAT has raised commodity prices, and its implementation encounters multiple issues. Participants were unsure that exemptions granted to certain services and equipment would leave the taxpayer with a sense of unfairness.

This study investigated the effects of cement and lime on the mechanical properties of subgrade soils, which are challenging to stabilize due to high plasticity and swelling potential. The study found that both cement and lime are effective stabilizing agents that increase the OMC, with cement being more effective in reducing the OMC of black cotton soil. The engineering properties of stabilized Chokocho subgrade soil were also evaluated, and the use of cement and lime as stabilizers was found to be effective in improving soil characteristics for subgrade applications. This was indicated by increased maximum dry density values, reduced plasticity index values, and increased California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength values. The chemical composition test demonstrated that calcium plays a significant role in soil stabilization, while aluminum can potentially affect soil stability negatively. Other elements such as magnesium, iron, silicon, zinc, and nickel contribute positively to soil stability. The low amounts of lead, copper, manganese, potassium, sulfur, and titanium present in the soil indicate a minor contribution to soil stabilization, but their impact on soil properties and plant growth cannot be ignored. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering specific soil types and conditions when undertaking soil stabilization projects. The findings provide valuable information for future research in this field, particularly in investigating the effectiveness of other stabilizers and their interactions with specific soil types. The use of cement and lime in soil stabilization is an effective method for enhancing the strength and durability of weak soils, as shown by the reduction in plastic limit values observed in the stabilized soil samples. The appropriate content of cement and lime to use in soil stabilization could inform standards and codes for soil stabilization.

Tricyclic terpanes identified in two representative crude oils from the Central and Western Niger Delta (oil- RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively) ranged from C19 to C29, including C24 tetracyclic terpane. Plot of the abundances of tricyclic terpanes show similarity in the distribution profile of the oil samples, characterized by the uncommon distribution of C20 and C21 tricyclic terpanes indicating both Niger Delta crude oils are derived from similar source organic matter. Ratios of C22/C21 and C24/C23 tricyclic terpanes indicate source rocks of the crude oil samples were deposited in a deltaic environment and derived from mixed marine/terrestrial organic matter. Additional, C26/C25 tricyclic terpanes, C24 tetracyclic/C23 tricyclic terpanes and C24 tetracyclic/C26 tricyclic terpanes indicate the crude oil samples are generated from shale source rocks derived from terrestrial organic matter, with oil-DTIR receiving a more terrestrial contribution, and marine facies, with oil-RVAG receiving a more marine contribution. Thermal maturity, determined from ratios of low to high molecular weight tricyclic terpanes, indicate the crude oil samples are mature with oil-RVAG more mature than oil-DTIR. The ratios of C19/C23 and C20/C23 tricyclic terpanes, which indicate high maturity of the crude oils, suggested terrestrial and marine source for oil-RVAG and oil-DTIR, respectively, contrasting with the relative abundances of tricyclic and tetracyclic terpanes. This implies the abundances of C19 and C20 tricyclic terpanes, particularly in crude oils at high maturity, as in the Niger Delta, has interfering effect on source interpretation and its ratios be used in combination with other parameters for evaluating Niger Delta crude oils.

Different medicinal plants have been used for treating the large number of inflammatory diseases. Among them, most of the diseases are causing the lethal effects on human body and there is need for controlling the infectious diseases due to their amazing effects. Medicinal plants contain phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, epigallocatechin (EGC), essential oils, hematoxylins, phenolic glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins. It also reportedly has a variety of pharmacological effects, including those that are anti-diabetic, CNS- depressant, cardioprotective, anti-bacterial, anti-menorrhagic, anti-hyperglycemic, and anti-cancer. Saraca indica is revered as a potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties help to keep bacteria out of the urinary tract, which also lessens pain and inflammation. To fully explore the therapeutic potential of this plant and develop it into a standard drug, more in-depth clinical research does, however, seem worthwhile.

In this study an effective method was developed to assay Bisoprolol fumarate in tablets dosage form. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Reprosil pure basic C18 analytical column. A mixture of acetonitrile + Potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (0.050 mol L-1) (30:70 V/V), pH 3.5 was used as the mobile phase, effluent flow rate monitored at 1.0 mL/min, and UV detection at 233 nm. In forced degradation studies, the effects of acid, base, oxidation, UV light and temperature which were investigated showed no interference in the peak of drug. The proposed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, robustness, precision and accuracy. The method was linear at concentrations ranging from 5µg/mL to 17.5µmg/mL, precise (intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations R.S.D. < 2 %), (r2 = 0.9995).