The raw fruit extract of Morinda citrifolia plant and its commercially available formulation in the market as Noni max (Best-selling brand of Brihans pharmaceutical in India and abroad) were obtained from Brihans Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Mulund, Mumbai, India. 80 Wistar rats of either sex weighing between 200 to 250 gms were used for experimentation. In the present study, it was found that the Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and its formulation found safe for the developmental stages of foetus. It was also found that there was no significant difference was noted in body weight and the relative weight of the ovary, uterus and placenta of female rat. There was no structural and functional manifestation was noted in the developing foetusin the pregnant female rats. From the present study it is confirm that, both Morinda citrifolia fruit extract and its formulation (Noni max) did not produce any teratogenic effect in rats up to 1000 mg/kg and 40 ml/kg respectively.

Objective: To investigate the population of endophytic fungi accompanying to Nerium olender plant. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on three different sites in two governorates for three consecutive months with five samples from each site. The identification of the fungi was carried out using microscopic and molecular methods while the isolation, identification of fungal pathogen and preparation of aqueous extract were also successfully done. Results: 14 species of fungi (Penicillium notatum, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhizopus stolonifera, Fusarium Solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp .and Curvularia sp.), while the other sex species were identified by DNA investigation method and where (Aspergillus spp. (40%), Penicillium spp. (20%), Rhizopus spp. (12%), Fusarium spp. (10%), Alternaria sp. (4%), Mucor circinelloides (4%), Neurospora Crassa (3%), Cladosporium sp. (1%) and Curvularia sp. (1%). Conclusions: The highest percentage of inhibition was for fungi Aspergillus Flavus, Penicillium commune and Mucor circinelloides which amounted to 100% and from the third day of growth until the completion of the control dish, then Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifera, with a 90% on the seventh day of growth, and Penicillium commune, Rhizopus nigricans with a rate ranging between 82-68%, while the rest of the fungi showed an antagonistic effect, but with rates less than 50%.

Background: The magnitude of health problems related to ear and nose in Bangladesh has not been estimated in a larger scale and very little is known about the prevalence and types of ENT diseases. Commonest cause of hearing impairment in our country is middle ear infection. Conductive type of deafness mostly occurs due to otitis media with or without its complications. Goal of primary health eare services is to achieve "Sound hearing by 2030" will never be achieved if we could not find out possible association of middle ear disease with other health conditions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of ear and nasal diseases in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: Two hundred patients complaining of middle ear discharge and or nasal symptoms were included in this study, to see the association of COM with nasal disorders. This cross sectional study was conducted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2012 to June 2014.Sample was taken by purposive sampling. Sample was divided into four groups as exposed and diseased, exposed and not diseased, not exposed diseased and not exposed and not diseased. Results: Two hundred patients were studied in the department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital complaining of either COM or Sinonasal disease. Among them 107 were female and 93 were male and male female ratio was 1:1.15. On analyzing age distribution it was ranging from 10 years to 50 years with mean age 30±7.86% clustering around 25 years. This study revealed that 65 % of COM is in the age group of 10-30 years. Conclusion: A study on the prevalence of the Ear Nose throat and Head and Neck diseases in developing country like Bangladesh can provide basic data which can be relevant and beneficial to the development of medical ENT curriculum in the regional setup and subsequent medical practice.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterized by Hypertension and proteinuria. It is a common pregnancy related disorder that originates in the placenta and causes variable maternal and fetal problems. Objective: To find out the feto-maternal outcome of severe pre-eclamptic patient. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study among the pregnant woman who were admitted with severe pre-eclampsia in labour and in antenatal ward in the hospital during the study period in Department of Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka from July 2015 to January 2016. A total of 50 pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia were included in the study. After detailed history, clinical examination, blood pressure measurement and bedside urinary protein levels, patients were diagnosed as severe pre-eclampsia. The data were analyzed by SPSS. Results: Commonest age group of the patients suffering from severe pre-eclampsia was found to be ranging from 15-35 years of age and the mean age was 26 years. Majority of the study, patients were primiparous (56%) coming from rural areas (56%). Literacy has a great impact on the incidence of pre-eclampsia which was reflected from the study of educational status. The study revealed that 40% of patients were under secondary school level and only 28% of them were graduates or above HSC. Data was collected regarding their occupation, which showed 80% of them were house-wives and 12% were day laborer. Most of them gave a positive family history of hypertension and 32% of them gave no relevant history. Incidence of antenatal care was assessed which showed majority (60%) were on irregular antenatal care which again contributes to the progress of severity of the disease. 92% of severe pre-eclamptic patients were found to be present in last trimester. Blood pressure levels were assessed and 80% of patients had systolic pressure more than 160 mmHg and 76% had diastolic pressure more than 110 mmHg. Among the various symptoms of severe pre-eclampsia most common symptom were Oedema (76%), headache (40%), epigastric pain (12%) and Insomnia (32%). Study of blood biochemistry levels showed high levels of uric acid (72%) and raised serum creatinine levels (26%). Caesarean section rate was found to be extremely high. 72% of the patients underwent caesarean section and rest was delivered vaginally. Overall neonatal outcome was- healthy babies 40%, premature 20%, IUGR 20% and IUD was 8%. Most of them had average birth weight (56%). And overall maternal outcome was Eclampsia 4%, HELLP Syndrome 4%, Abruptio placenta 4%, Renal Insufficiency2% and maternal death 2%. Conclusion: The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to sever pre-eclampsia are remarkably higher in developing countries like Bangladesh. Therefore, measures should be taken to control this deadly condition through Behavioral Change Communication (BCC) regarding antenatal care, danger signs, delivery plan etc. involving public and private sector.

The microsatellite instability (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal tumors recently have been reported that can benefit from immunotherapy, and MSI can be used as a genetic instability of a tumor detection index. Many studies have shown that there are many heterogeneous phenomena in patients with MSI tumors in terms of immunotherapy, prognosis and chemotherapy sensitivity. Here we mainly review the research results of MSI detection methods, its mechanisms, occurrence and its relationship with related tumors, aiming in such a way for brief analysis of the micro satellite instability. Microsatellites (MS) are the repeated sequences of DNA that play an important role in maintaining the tissue morphology. Any mutation of the DNA or chromosomes, lead to the instability of the microsatellites, thereby causing the microsatellite instability. There are three types of microsatellite instability (MSI). High microsatellite instability (MSI-H), low microsatellite instability (MSI-L) and microsatellite stability (MSS). Recent clinical research tends to classify MSS-L and MSS as similar. Microstaellite instability plays an important role in colorectal carcinoma. Based on different molecular mechanisms, MSI in colorectal cancer can be divided into colorectal cancer (CRC) with no obvious family genetic history and Lynch syndrome with non-polyposis with family genetic history. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder and syndrome caused by mutations in MMR strains, and it can also cause tumors in other parts of the colon and rectum. With the recent development of MSI detection technology and immunosuppressant in tumor therapy, researchers found that MSI-H tumors respond well to immunotherapy. There are several methods to detect the microsatellite instability. 1. Next Generation sequencing (NGS), 2. Fluoresence multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis. 3. Immunohistochemistry. 4. Single molecule- molecular inversion probes (SmMIP). The main mechanism of MSI includes, Slipped strand mispairing, MMR deficient.

Against the backdrop of quality education, integrating physical education and health courses in China has been regarded as essential to fostering students' comprehensive development. This study explores leveraging interdisciplinary case-based teaching to promote the in-depth integration and fusion of physical education and health courses in China. The research systematically reviews the theoretical foundations of integrating physical education and health courses, interdisciplinary teaching, and case-based teaching methods in China. The study summarizes the comprehensive cases for conducting interdisciplinary case-based teaching while also pointing out the challenges in the implementation process, such as teachers' professional development lag, deficiencies in the evaluation system, and the scarcity of high-quality case resources. Finally, the study proposes strategies and recommendations in management, teacher development, and evaluation for promoting integrating physical education and health courses through interdisciplinary case-based teaching. This research provides a new practical path for optimizing physical education and health courses in China. It offers valuable insights for the integration of other disciplines, possessing both theoretical value and practical significance.

Politeness strategies play a crucial role in maintaining social harmony and establishing interpersonal relationships. The interpersonal function of language in Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) provides a framework to analyze how language is used to interact with others. Our research aims to analyze the interpersonal functions of politeness strategies in conversation from the perspective of mood, modality, and person in SFG, with a focus on politeness theory, face theory, and politeness strategies. It shows how language is used to manage social relationships and establish social hierarchies in communication, and how understanding politeness strategies can help communicate more effectively and respectfully in different contexts.

Assessment’s increasing prominence in educational discourses and practices, especially in the past 20 years, has not always resulted in increasing clarity as to what the new terms in vogue actually mean. Questions include: does carrying out formative assessment really mean that we have to duplicate assessment; is summative assessment inevitably linked to problems and negative perceptions, as the UK’s National Student Survey results seem to indicate; are summative and formative assessment different beasts or are they two sides of the same coin as Scriven (1967) noted when he made the original distinction; is assessment really our weakest link? By asking questions to ascertain tutor beliefs and understandings, we clarify the areas where these misunderstandings arise in a Bahraini context. This work builds on research in different contexts which similarly found that the clarity of our assessment understandings is tainted by contradictions in the literature. The questionnaire used here asked neutral questions on assessment and collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Several responses were consistent, all: used formative assessment, associated it with feedback, which appears essential in their perception, and almost all valued theory. However, inconsistencies were in: definitions of formative and summative assessment, their functions and uses, and the relationship between them. How we interpret the results, to some degree, reflects our epistemological and theoretical positions; even though most of the data were unambiguous. By questioning our own beliefs, we found that we are not immune to our emotions and hopes influencing our interpretations.

The paper presents the development and analysis of "Eventful," an innovative event management system designed to streamline the planning process and enhance the connection between event organizers (customers) and service providers (vendors). By integrating technology advancements from the late 20th century to the present, including the internet, social media, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, "Eventful" offers a comprehensive solution to the challenges of event management. The platform allows for direct communication, efficient vendor selection, and centralized planning, aiming to improve the overall efficiency and experience of organizing events. The research methodology includes qualitative interviews and surveys to identify user requirements and inform system design, ensuring that "Eventful" addresses the specific needs of its users effectively.

Hyper-IgE syndrome (also known as Job or Buckley syndrome) is a hereditary immune deficiency of autosomal dominant inheritance. It is clinically characterized by the occurrence of recurrent staphylococcal, skin abscesses, bacterial and fungal pneumopathies, and a significant increase in immunoglobulin E. Its association with systemic lupus erythematosus has been described, the mechanism of which involves the deposition of immune complexes. We report the case of an 11-year-old girl with hyper IgE syndrome who was admitted to our clinic with severe renal failure, diagnosed as lupus glomerulonephritis on kidney biopsy.

Telling China’s story well is an effective way to enhance students’ English application ability and promote moral education. However, the insufficient integration of China’s story in current English textbook needs to be addressed. Based on the Outcome based education (OBE), this article aims to elaborate on teaching design and explore a blended learning model for integrating telling China’s story into college English courses.

This paper examines the intricate relationship between exchange rate policies and stock market performance, focusing on Kuwait and Saudi Arabia in the Gulf region. It investigates the historical evolution of exchange rate regimes in both countries, analyzing their unique policy objectives. Using empirical analysis, the research explores the correlation between exchange rates and stock market indices, employing statistical methods and regression analysis to identify patterns. Comparative assessments reveal distinct patterns in stock market performance, shedding light on the effectiveness of different exchange rate systems in shaping economic dynamics. The findings contribute to the literature by offering insights into the nuanced relationship between exchange rate policies and stock markets, with implications for policymakers, investors, and financial analysts. By focusing on Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, two pivotal economies, the study addresses a gap in the literature, providing a comparative perspective. Policymakers can use the findings to understand the potential impact of exchange rate policies on economic indicators. Investors can leverage the conclusions to inform their decision-making, considering the nuances of exchange rate dynamics. The study finds that both countries peg their currencies to major world currencies, primarily the USD, and identifies a strong correlation between the Kuwait Stock Index and the Saudi Tasi Index.

Performances across time have promoted human wellness, especially as we continue to incorporate the lived experiences of healing rituals into our contemporary artistic practices. Audience members practice good physical, emotional, social, and psychological health through their ability to create an illusion of mental escape, enlightenment, and entertainment. The paper comments on a specific shamanistic practice – “Ifa Ritual,” practiced by the African diaspora of the Americas as a metric for evaluation. I shall explore documented research on the performance expressions noticeable in the Yoruba Ifa ritual exemplary in the Santeria and their communal benefits to Afro-Cubans in the USA. The Afro-Cuban Yorubas called Lucumi are believed to have migrated as slaves from the Yoruba subgroups of Africa to the New World, and there they introduced a cultural practice called the Santeria. The Santeria is an attempt to decolonize the impact of Western religious ideologies on their spiritual and social life by performing Ifa rites as a mode of worship and healing. I interrogate how the performative styles and elements of “Ifa” including the divination techniques contribute to promoting the well-being of contemporary Ifa practitioners. Theoretically, the study considers rituals as a fundamental approach to performance and wellness that seeks to reinforce and provoke discourses in post-humanism. The scope of this study is confined to the branch of humanities and soft sciences devoted to prevalent research on the Yoruba belief system and Lucumi Santeria, aiding the discussion of "Ifa" as a post-humanist construct of performance and wellness.

Introduction: This study delves into the concept of values education by utilizing traditional games of the Sasak-Lombok tribe in West Nusa Tenggara. The primary focus is on the endeavor to safeguard local wisdom and enhance the cultural identity of children within the region. Material and Methods: The research adopts a qualitative approach with a phenomenological perspective. Data collection methods encompass participatory observation, in-depth interviews with local community figures, and document analysis pertaining to local wisdom. The gathered data undergoes analysis through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. Content analysis is employed to identify the values of local wisdom evident in traditional games. Results: The findings suggest that values education integrated into traditional games of the Sasak-Lombok tribe has the potential to conserve and instill local wisdom values, such as solidarity, precision, and responsibility, in children. Traditional games serve as a substantial medium for practically understanding and experiencing these values. Conclusion: In conclusion, this research implies a positive contribution to preserving the cultural heritage of the Sasak-Lombok tribe and shaping the character of the younger generation. The holistic approach undertaken can establish an educational environment that integrates cultural values into enjoyable learning experiences. This, in turn, supports children as inheritors of culture who appreciate and embody noble values.

Introduction: Mentoring is a process of professional support between a mentor and a mentee. Also, it is a learning method intended to help a learner to perfect their professional career. The aim of this research is to understand the experience of nursing learner-teachers at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa on the mentoring provided by supervisors during educational internships. Method: this is a qualitative and descriptive study. It was carried out with learners of the Third Degree in teaching and administration in nursing at the Higher Institute of Medical Techniques of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study used the qualitative inquiry method combined with interview as a technique. With the sample size of nine learners. Results: The results reveal that mentoring has a positive meaning for the learner, because it is a beneficial activity that helps improve practice. The learners negatively assessed the performance of the mentoring benefit by raising two points: Insufficient performance of the mentoring and the insufficiency in the organization of the mentoring the study mentions that there is a low contribution of the mentoring provided by the supervisors during the internship. The big difficulty that made mentoring insufficient is lack of follow-up of learners. To do this, they suggested to the nursing science section which strategies for them to improve. Mentoring includes: Having supervisors available for the educational internship; have the means to facilitate mentoring and organize training on mentoring during educational internships. Conclusion: In view of these results and while reiterating the suggestions of the respondents, we propose that the nursing science section look into the supervision of the scientific staff assigned to support learners in educational internships.