Stroke is one of the main causes of mortality and disability in developed countries. In acute ischemic stroke, the standard treatment is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). The benefits of the treatment depend on the time of administration, the earlier it is administered, the greater its benefit. There are limited studies on the retrospective outcome of thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke outside of clinical trials. The present retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical data of 40 patients over 7 years who were hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke at the AHEPA University Hospital in Greece. From January 2013 to December 2020, 40 patients with acute ischemic stroke were admitted and treated. Computed tomography (CT) was performed at 24 h after thrombolytic treatment or earlier in case of neurological worsening. The hospital had 3 months follow-up at the stroke clinic and data consisting of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), functional outcome assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality were reviewed in the medical records from the stroke clinic. The clinical outcome of functional independence defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 2 at 3 months was evaluated. Safety outcomes were in-hospital mortality, mortality at 3 months, and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) defined by the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria. The main finding of the present study, that there was an overall reduction in the NIHSS scale after thrombolysis, proves that the patients showed improvement after performing thrombolysis. Consequently, from the total of 40 thrombolysis performed at the clinic, it can be concluded that most patients had a good outcome.

In this study, influence of varied copper addition on the mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics of grey cast iron (GCI) was investigated. As-cast unalloyed and 0.035 wt. %, 0.65 wt. % 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % copper alloyed GCI samples were produced using rotary furnace. Chemical compositions of the samples were determined by Optical Emission Spectroscopy using ARL QuantoDeskSpectro analysis machine. Tensile and hardness measurements were made using INSTRON tensile testing machine- model 3369 and Universal Rockwell hardness testenr- model 8187LKV respectively. Samples’ characterization was done using Philips SEM (XL30 TMP). And electrochemical measurement was determined using AUTOLAB PGSTAT 204N instrument. From the results, the as-cast unalloyed, 0.035 wt. % and 0.85 wt. % and 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI samples revealed lamella graphite in pearlite matrix, short flake graphite in pearlitic-ferrritic matrix, Type A flake graphite in pearlitic-ferritic matrix and long flake graphite in ferritic-pearlitic matrix respectively. Tensile, hardness and elongation properties of the copper GCI samples ranked superior over the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Optimum tensile value 158.26 N/mm2 and hardness value 447.4 HRC were revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu, and optimum ductility value of 2.79% was revealed by the 1.18 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. In general, copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. The copper alloyed GCI samples showed better corrosion resistance relative as compared to the as-cast unalloyed GCI sample. Least corrosion rate of 0.0011297 mm/yr with polarization resistance of 174.58 Ω was revealed by the 0.85 wt. % Cu alloyed GCI sample. Hence, it is most suitable in application requiring high to moderate strength is marine environment.

The reuse of recycled aggregates in the composition of concrete is a major challenge today in response to the high cost of construction and the environmental impact of waste This work evaluates the the physic-mechanical properties of concrete using recycled building demolition aggregates and bituminous concrete of pavements in the Republic of Congo. The idea was to check whether these recycled aggregates can have the same performance as when they were first used in concrete. From the results obtained, the recycled building aggregates have good mechanical strength according to the Los Angeles (32.5%) and Micro-Deval (29.3%) tests. Concrete made from building demolition aggregates (CRA1#) has a 28-day compressive strength of (28.8MPa), which is very close to that of the CNA# control concrete (31.11MPa). Concrete incorporating a mixture of asphalt concrete and building demolition aggregates (CRA3#) has a compressive strength of 20.32MPa. In terms of compressive strength, only CRA1# and CRA3# can be used as class C25 concrete for CRA1# and C20 for CRA3#.

This theoretical article delves into the intricate world of high-frequency trading (HFT) without empirical testing of real-world data, focusing on the incorporation of fractal geometry principles to enhance our understanding of market microstructure and price dynamics. In the introduction, we outline the significance of this research in the context of modern financial markets and lay out the objectives of our theoretical analysis. The article then takes an in-depth dive into fractal geometry fundamentals, illuminating its core concepts and its relevance within financial markets. Subsequently, the article explores the landscape of high-frequency trading, offering an overview of this dynamic domain and how fractal geometry can be incorporated into trading models. The section on modeling market microstructure presents theoretical approaches to understanding order flow dynamics, including novel derivations and equations. It then transitions into fractal-based approaches for analyzing the complexities of market microstructure, providing both an original perspective and numbered equations. Moreover, this article investigates the theoretical modeling of price dynamics, underscoring the pivotal role of fractal geometry in enriching these models. The discussion revolves around the fundamental autoregressive models and multifractal models, and it elucidates how fractal geometry principles, such as the Hurst exponent, come into play. We explore the self- similarity of price dynamics, fractal dimensions, and how these aspects can be integrated into high-frequency trading strategies. Overall, this article offers a comprehensive theoretical exploration of fractal geometry's implications in the realm of high-frequency trading, providing valuable insights for both researchers and practitioners seeking to fathom the complexities of market microstructure and price dynamics. The incorporation of fractal principles into financial models fosters a deeper understanding of self-similarity and complexity within financial markets, even in the absence of empirical data.

This paper embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the theoretical landscape surrounding the integration of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) into the domain of real-time portfolio optimization. The study commences by establishing the background and motivation for this research, shedding light on the challenges encountered in real-time portfolio management and the potential transformative role NODEs can play in addressing these challenges. The theoretical framework unfolds in a structured manner, encompassing critical facets of portfolio optimization theory. It delves into classical portfolio optimization methodologies, including the mean- variance framework and continuous-time stochastic control techniques. This solid theoretical foundation provides the basis for understanding the nuances of optimizing portfolio weights, expected returns, and risk measures. The heart of the research lies in the integration of NODEs, an innovative fusion of deep learning and differential equations, into the fabric of portfolio optimization. NODEs, with their adaptability and ability to model continuous- time dynamics, emerge as a potent tool for real-time portfolio rebalancing and decision-making. The study provides an in-depth overview of NODEs, elucidating their architecture and their application in modeling financial time series data. This theoretical journey leads to the exploration of practical implications. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating NODEs into portfolio management, including improved risk management, enhanced returns, and the capacity for adaptive asset allocation strategies. However, it also addresses the limitations and challenges associated with this integration, such as data quality issues and computational requirements. In conclusion, this research presents a theoretical framework that bridges the gap between deep learning and continuous-time financial models, offering a promising avenue for real-time portfolio optimization. The insights derived from this study serve as a foundation for future research and practical applications in navigating the intricate landscape of financial markets.

Engaging students online has proven to yield positive outcomes in their performance mainly because learners do not have to worry about getting to a physical classroom to participate in the class activity. This study seeks to find out students’ awareness and use of innovative educational mobile applications that can help improve their productivity academically in Rivers State University. The study adopted a descriptive survey and interview methods. Three research questions guided the study. 260 students represented the sample of this study. The instrument that was used for data collection was a questionnaire with 41 items titled “Students’ Awareness and Use of Innovative Educational Mobile Applications”. The instrument comprises a 4-point Likert type rating scale which ranged from one (lowest response) to four (highest response). Data gathered was analyzed using mean and thematic interpretation. The results showed that students in Rivers State University have a low awareness and usage level when it comes to mobile applications that can improve academic performance and students use social /entertainment mobile applications than they use academic oriented mobile applications. Based on the findings it is therefore recommended that workshops should be organized to demonstrate how several mobile applications can be used to enhance academic productivity and lecturers should introduce the use of academic oriented mobile applications when delivering instruction to foster meaningful usage by students.

Background: Hysterectomy is a major and common gynecological procedure that involves the removal of the uterus for benign or malignant indications. The rate of hysterectomy varies from one region to another. Objective: To determine the prevalence, indications and clinical outcome of hysterectomy at Rasheed Shekoni Federal University Teaching Hospital. Materials and methods: The study was a 3-year retrospective review of hysterectomies, carried out between 1st July 2020 and 31st June 2023. Data analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 26. Measured variables were expressed in percentage. Test for association was done using chi-square, setting P-value at <0.05. Results: A total of 56 hysterectomies were performed out of a total of 232 gynecological surgeries, giving a rate of 24.14%. The mean age was 51.72±12.2 years. The mean parity was 5.28±3.3. The rate of hysterectomy was highest (34.0%) among women aged 40 – 49 years. The commonest (29.8%) procedure was vaginal hysterectomy. The commonest (29.8%) indication for hysterectomy was utero-vaginal prolapse. The mean blood unit transfused was 1.2±1.2 units. The mean post-operative admission was 5.23± 2.2 days. Conclusion: Pelvic organ prolapse is the leading indication for hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy is the most common type of hysterectomy performed.

The pivotal and nodal role of nurses in the healthcare industry is very vital for the proper management of asthma. To effectively intervene, nurses must be skillful in techniques used in asthma management which must be evidenced-based. The study objective is to use educational program to enhance nurses’ asthma management practice. This study adopted Quasi-experimental one group pre-post research design. Two government teaching hospitals in Rivers State were used in this study. A total number of 52 nurses were purposively selected in collaboration with nurse-leaders in each study setting. Checklist developed by the researcher and experts in the field of medical surgical nursing using modified Delphi method was used to collect data based on GINA guidelines pre- and post-educational program. Reliability test for the checklist using Cronbach’s alpha co-efficient yielded .89. Educational program was administered for six days respectively at the two study settings. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test) at level of 0.05 level of significance. Participants with good asthma management practice at pre-educational program were 36.5% while at post-educational was 80.8%. Paired-simple t-test analysis on the difference in asthma management practice before and after nurse led educational program using GINA guideline indicates that tcal = 51.23, df = 51, and ttab = 1.96 Since tcal>ttab at P<0.05, Hence, the null hypotheses was rejected. The study concluded that nurse-led educational program using adopted GINA guidelines enhanced practice of asthma management among nurses.

Drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes nosocomial infections, pneumonia, wound sepsis and infections of newborns and intensive care patients. In many cases antibiotics are no longer very effective in patients treated for K. pneumoniae infections. Various studies have shown antimicrobial properties of essential oils and different compounds that are part of them. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration of the Mentha piperita essential oil against resistant strain of K. pneumoniae. Efficiency of peppermint oil when used with antibiotics in wound management as well as controlling K. pneumoniae infection was also investigated in this study. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of peppermint oil, where its inhibitory capacity was observed along with antibiotics and compared with control. Bacterial load of K. pneumonia OXA48 resistant strain on wound in rat models was also studied and compared. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA48 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were inhibited by effectively by 40 µl/ml of peppermint oil in well diffusion assays. In rat models the wounds were healed, and epithelization was quicker in 10% peppermint oil treated wounds. Wounds applied with a combination of peppermint oil and Imipenem were more effectively protected from infection and showed better healing as well. Peppermint oil depicted both inhibitory capacities against K. pneumonia OXA48 and promoted wound healing as well. Further studies regarding PMO and its efficacy in wound management as well as its associated molecular mechanism would provide better understanding regarding its potential.

Social infrastructures that have previously been built are destroyed by pastoral conflict. When teachers are forced to leave conflict zones and people move because they fear an invasion, the education system is disrupted. In the Kerio Valley area of the Marakwet East sub-county of Elgeyo Marakwet County, the public primary schools were the subject of research to examine how pastoral disputes influenced the management of education in those schools. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of pastoral conflicts and its effect on education management in Kerio valley region of Marakwet East sub-county, Elgeyo Markwet County. A descriptive survey design was employed. The intended audience consisted of 420 respondents, including 200 families, 190 teachers, and 30 head teachers. The sample size was determined by regular random sampling techniques and consisted of 205 individuals. To collect quantitative data, head teachers, teachers filled out a questionnaire and household heads filled out an interview schedules qualitative data. Theme analysis was employed for qualitative data as well as descriptive and inferential analysis for quantitative data. Tables were used to present the information. The study's findings showed a substantial positive correlation between pastoral conflict frequency (β1=0.666 and p=0.000) and education management in Marakwet East sub-county. The study came to the conclusion that there was a positive correlation between the administration of education in the Marakwet East sub-county and the occurrence of pastoral conflict. To lessen potential disputes, the head teachers and teachers should work together with the surrounding community to manage the school's land.

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the most serious infections in women. It is an inflammation and infection of the upper genital tract involving the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and the surrounding structures. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a global problem, and it is common in both developed and developing countries. It can cause infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Risk factors for PID are multiple sexual partners, single status, lower socioeconomic status, young age (<30 years), intrauterine contraceptive device, endometrial biopsy, curettage, hysteroscopy and hysterosalpingography, and Complications of tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding pelvic inflammatory disease at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 115 that was a purposive sampling technique followed by those who met the inclusion criteria to assess the nurse’s knowledge and practice regarding pelvic inflammatory disease. The study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: The findings of the present study in socio-demographics revealed that the highest 64.35% were 31-40 years old, 88.70% were female, 93.91% were married, 93.04% were Muslim, and 61.74% had a Diploma in Nursing and the main findings of average knowledge score 40.00% were the low level of knowledge regarding the pelvic inflammatory disease. It is may not be practical experience in their existing situation. Conclusion: The worldwide increase in the incidence of PID during the last few decades has led to secondary epidemics of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. The application of in-service education and training programs will be significant in enhancing the knowledge and self-reported practices among nurses regarding preventive measures of PID.

The goal of teaching the reading skill is to improve achievement for learners, yet the learners' reading comprehension test results in Kenya remain a challenge that requires appropriate intervention strategies. Previous studies have shown that pre-reading activities are facilitative pedagogic strategies that activate readers’ prior knowledge, hence comprehension of new text. Thus, the purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to establish if pre-reading activities had a significant effect on reading comprehension performance in selected secondary schools in Kenya. The study objectives were to assess if there was a difference in performance between learners that used brainstorming and those that used pre-teaching vocabulary; determine if pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming have a significant effect on the performance of English as Second Language (ESL) learners in reading comprehension; and, compare the effect of pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming on achievement in reading comprehension to determine which of the two pre-reading activities affects the performance of learners in reading comprehension more significantly. The study was underpinned by Reading Comprehension as a Socio-cognitive Processing Model by Ruddell and Ruddell; and Reading Comprehension as Transactional-Socio-Psycholinguistic Model by Goodman. These models respectively propagate the view that through the influence of the language teacher on the readers, and the individual transactions between a reader and the text, meaning is constructed. The study used a quasi-experimental group design. Stratified and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 7 schools, 21 English second language classrooms and 21 language teachers. Data were collected using a reading comprehension test. These data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results of ANOVA showed that at p< .05 value, both pre-teaching vocabulary and brainstorming had a significant effect on the performance of Kenyan English Second Language learners in reading comprehension tests, though pre-teaching vocabulary was comparatively more impactful than brainstorming. The study concluded that teachers need to pre-teach unfamiliar words and/or brainstorm topics in the new text since they are effective pre-reading pedagogic strategies. The study recommended that teacher trainers, relevant Ministry of Education agencies, language teachers, and learners vouch for the use of pre-reading activities as a pedagogic strategy for enhancing reading comprehension.

Discipline of students in secondary schools is important in the outcome of learners. Majority of schools in Kenya have reported an increase in the level of indiscipline amongst its learners. This has become concerning to the stakeholders involved including parents, the government and others as a result of increased cases of tardiness, abuse of drugs, cultic organizations in schools, riots, theft and so many other cases of anti-social behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social influence of social skill development interactive strategies on students’ discipline in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. Skinner’s model of behavior was used to guide the study. This study used descriptive research design for collecting both the qualitative and Quantative data. A sample of twenty three principals, thirty eight deputy principal and 376 teachers &students was used. Stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling was used to pick out the respondents of questionnaires. The reliability of research instruments was done using Cronbach’s alpha [α]. SPSS version 22 was used to analyze the descriptive data and results presented using percentages, means, standard deviations and frequency tables. To conclude, social skill development interactive strategies plays an important role in promotion and management of student discipline. Teachers should focus on developing social skills among students, particularly those related to emotional management and conflict resolution. School administrators and teachers enforce school policies consistently to promote positive student behavior.

Students’ discipline in secondary schools is paramount in determining the learners’ outcomes. Many schools in Kenya experience a growing level of indiscipline. School indiscipline has been of great concern over time to parents, the government and other educational stakeholders due to many cases of tardiness, drug abuse, cultism, rioting, theft, truancy and many other antisocial vices. The objective of the study was to establish the influence of communication interactive strategies on students’ discipline in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. The study was guided by Skinner’s Model of Behavior. A conceptual framework was designed to guide this study. The study employed descriptive research design which is suitable in collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. Stratified sampling, simple random sampling and purposive sampling were used. Data was collected by use of questionnaires administered by the researcher through hand delivery focused group discussion. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics and results presented using frequency tables, percentages, means and standard deviations. The study concluded that effective communication interactive strategies play an important role in promoting and managing student discipline.

Background: Abortion is pregnancy termination before the 24th week. Unsafe induced abortions, lacking proper skills or medical standards, cause 67,000 annual deaths in developing countries, according to WHO. Ensuring access to safe and legal abortion services is critical to reducing maternal mortality and safeguarding women's health globally. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out maternal mortality as well as morbidity related to induce abortion for termination of unwanted pregnancy in our set up. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 patients who admitted as cases of induced abortion in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from March' 2014 to September 2014Those who had given informed written consent was finally enrolled in this study. Patients' details history, clinical examination investigation, and operation note was collected in a preformed data sheet. Data was presented in the form of tables and graphs. Data was presented with descriptive statistics the level of significance of 0.05 was used for this study. Results: Among 92 patients were 15(16.3%) hemorrhage, 9(9.8%) hypovolemic shock, 10(10.9%) generalized peritonitis, 34(36.9%) pelvic peritonitis5 (5.4%) perforation of uterus, 4(4.3%) cervical injury, 1(1.1%) perforation of gut, 2(2.2%) septic shock, 2(2.2%) acute renal failure, 10(10.9%) no major complication. Among 92 patient 86 (93.5%) patients were improved and discharged and 6(6.5%) patients were expired. Conclusion: Induced abortion is a common gynecological problem requiring hospital admission and treatment. It has serious short term and long-term complications affecting women's health and life.