Background: Maintaining good oral hygiene with orthodontic appliances can be challenging, leading to plaque accumulation and complications. Traditional oral hygiene tools have limitations, and water flossers have been proposed as an effective solution. This review aims to examine the effectiveness of water flossers in orthodontic treatment by analyzing relevant studies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria included observational studies reporting data on the benefits of water flossers in orthodontic treatment, focusing on outcomes such as plaque formation, gingival inflammation, and periodontal diseases. Exclusion criteria included non-observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, studies in languages other than English, and studies published before 1990. Study selection and screening were performed based on relevance and eligibility. Results: The initial search yielded 740 papers, which were narrowed down through screening and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, nine comparative studies were included in the review. The included studies encompassed multiple designs and sample sizes. Data extraction included information on the study year, study design, sample size, outcome assessed, intervention details (type of water flosser used, treatment duration), and conclusions related to the effectiveness of water flossers in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The review suggests that water flossers can be a valuable addition to the oral hygiene routine of orthodontic patients. The studies reviewed demonstrated the effectiveness of water flossers in plaque control, reducing gingival inflammation, and minimizing bleeding compared to traditional tools like interdental brushes and string floss. However, the evidence base is still limited, and further research is needed to strengthen the findings and explore the long-term effects of water flosser use in orthodontic treatment.

To advance the development of Chinese women's pole vaulting technique, three-dimensional photogrammetry and video analysis methods were utilized to conduct kinematic analysis on the technique employed by Ren Mengqian, an outstanding female pole vaulter in China, during the 2019 National Indoor Track and Field Championships finals from an energy transfer perspective. The findings indicate that during the energy acquisition stage, Ren Mengqian executed a reasonable jumping action with appropriate jumping angle and timing that met technical requirements. However, during the energy storage stage, her bow rod had suboptimal effects in her fourth trial jump while insufficient bending of the rod occurred in her fifth trial jump which affected pole energy storage. In terms of energy release stage, Ren Mengqian maximized elastic potential energy through stretching but required acceleration for maximum vertical speed.

The indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture has led to the contamination of aquatic ecosystems, adversely affecting non-target organisms such as freshwater fish. This study investigates the behavioral responses of the freshwater fish Channa punctatus to sub-lethal concentrations of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, fenvalerate. The results reveal significant alterations in swimming behavior, respiratory patterns, feeding activity, and overall responsiveness, indicating neurotoxic and physiological stress. These behavioral changes may impair the survival and ecological fitness of the species, emphasizing the need for stringent regulation of pesticide usage.

The expansion of the operational scope of a business informs the need to exercise diligence and sensitivity to the nature and demands of the operational contexts both local and international. Hence, the investigation into the influence of contextual intelligence on strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in the south-south region of Nigeria with foci on Rivers and Akwa Ibom States. Quantitative and correlational design was adopted. Four (4) telecommunication companies viz: MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9Mobile selected based on their subscribers’ base and market share standing out of nine (9) major ones listed in the methodology constituted the population. Sixty nine (69) copies of the questionnaire accounting for 93% response rate were fully completed and used in the study out of seventy four (74) copies administered to senior staff and above obtained using Taro Yamene’s sample size determination technique from a population of ninety (90) respondents. Primary data were obtained from questionnaire. The findings showed that the four (4) hypotheses formulated around the dimensions of contextual intelligence comprising tacit-based knowledge, synchronicity and time orientations have significant influences on measures of strategic leadership made up of strategic direction and balanced organisational controls. The conclusion showed that contextual intelligence significantly influences strategic leadership of telecommunication companies in Rivers and Akwa Ibom States of the South-South region of Nigeria. The managements of telecommunication companies in these two States of South-South region of Nigeria were recommended to leverage contextual intelligence to better and enhance strategic leadership in their respective operational contexts.

A case of an unusually huge peripheral ossifying fibroma located on the right upper alveolar process is referred. The evaluation and management of the patient is thoroughly presented. The importance of our case is based on the fact of the extension of the lesion as well as the age of the patient. The relative literature is reviewed.

In this review we explain the role of nurses in improving healthcare in hospitals and how the interest of nurse education make different in increasing patient safety especially in ICU and in cases of thrombosis, stroke and all dangerous cases need to speed and skill. The role of nurses is as important as the role of doctor as they cable of diagnoses and this role not limited to doctors. The searches have proven that the quality care and patient safety has been highly improved after the nurse education in all over the world. Nursing students need to be taught how to ensure and improve patient safety since nurses play a critical role in enhancing patient safety. Many nursing students contest their competency in patient safety issues, despite the fact that educators have long recognized that undergraduate education is crucial in providing nurses with the patient safety competencies required to practice. Among hospital workers, nurses make up the largest single component. The planning stage of the educational program is where to start when deciding which outcomes to assess. To design a worthwhile educational activity, educators need to be able to precisely pinpoint students' knowledge or skill deficiencies. The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), which is "a comprehensive, standardized classification of patient outcomes developed to evaluate the effects of interventions provided by nurses and other healthcare professionals," can be consulted by nurse educators since education is built upon foundations.

Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco, Campanulaceae) is an herbal remedy for many respiratory conditions such as asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and cough. The main objective of the current review is to document the potential use of L. inflata as respiratory stimulant in patients suffering from Covid-19 infection. Native Americans smoked the plant as a treatment for asthma and today, lobelia is sometimes suggested to help clear mucus from the respiratory tract, including the throat, lungs, and bronchial tubes. Although few studies have evaluated the safety and effectiveness of lobelia, some herbalists use lobelia as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for asthma. In the 19th century, American physicians prescribed the herb to induce vomiting in order remove toxins from the body. However, because of its properties as a respiratory stimulant and expectorant, the plant should be used at the correct dose and together with herbs that are soothing to the throat and lungs, and it is often used in a synergistic herbal formula that includes L. inflata herb and seed, Zingiber officinale, and Hyssopus officinalis. The study species should not be used as a substitute for drug therapy during an asthma attack and its use is contraindicated during pregnancy. Lobelia inflata has no known adverse drug interactions and it is therefore a promising complementary therapy for the management of respiratory disorders, in particular in light of the recent increase in the prevalence of respiratory diseases associated with Covid-19. In conclusions, data of the current study has proven the possibility of using the plant in treating the respiratory disorders resulting from infection with Covid-19.

Background: Despite focused efforts on error prevention, the incidence of medication errors (MEs) occurring in the health care system continues a concern. Patient harm can be diminished or prevented by adequate reporting processes that include identifying, analyzing, and correcting MEs on time. Both medication error prevention and reporting strategies are critical components in advancing patient safety. Methods: To analyze the strategies used by the Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to facilitate reporting medication errors in a health care setting, an integrative review of the literature, guided by Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) five-step process, was applied for the period between 2011-2021. With a comprehensive search conducted using PubMed, DSL, Google Scholar databases, nine articles only met our inclusion criteria which are, in the English language, performed by peers and full-text articles that answered the guiding questions included in this review. Result: The articles were analyzed in terms of objectives, methodological path, main results, and recommendations for improvement. The analysis reveals that MEs reporting strategies are varied either web-based, paper-based, or Technician Enhanced Administration of Medication (TEAM) model. Staff awareness and non-blame culture are influencing HCPs' ability to adopt the proper strategy for reporting MEs, understanding of HCPs' characteristics and organizational factors that influence error reporting can foster the development of effective strategies to report MEs and enable organizations to enhance patient safety.

Rapid delivery of specimens is crucial in today's clinical laboratories, and pneumatic tube systems are commonly utilized for this purpose. The validation of sample stability through pneumatic tube system (PTS) is essential. The use of Pneumatic Tube System can improve specimen turnaround time; allowing more effective time management of the porters by reducing the need to physically take specimens from one department to another. Prior to use, the Pneumatic tube system must be validated to ensure the reliability of laboratory test results, particularly those impacted by movement, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), potassium (K+), complete blood count (CBC), particularly hemoglobin and coagulation tests. The most common way of validating pneumatic tube systems is to compare blood samples transported by pneumatic tube systems to blood samples transported by hand. High speeds and rapid acceleration of blood samples can increase the risk of hemolysis and negatively affect sample quality and test results. Moreover, the installation and design of each pneumatic tube system exhibit unique characteristics that are exclusive to each individual institution. The established protocol necessitated the use of either a human courier or pneumatic tube technology in order to transport a collection of replicated samples to the laboratory. Comparative research will be conducted on a sample size of twenty healthy adult volunteers to assess the integrity of the sample. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of PTS transportation on laboratory results and whether is there any difference as compared to hand courier method.

Objective to explore the clinical efficacy of low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy in the treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. Methods: 100 patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from August 2021 to August 2023 were randomly selected as the research subjects. Based on the voluntary principle and different treatment plans, The patients were divided into two groups. 50 patients who underwent dissection tonsillectomy treatment were selected into the control group, and 50 patients who underwent low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy were selected into the observation group. The differences in clinical indicators between the two groups of patients were compared, The pain levels of patients at different postoperative periods were evaluated, and the differences in serum inflammatory factor levels were detected. Results: Compared with the control group, after surgical treatment, the operation time, and intra-operative bleeding volume of the blood observation group were significantly shorter, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after surgery in the observation group. The Visual analogue scale VAS pain scores at 7 days were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after surgery in the observation group, the patient's high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (14.18±0.51) mg/L, Tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α) (4.23±0.31) pg/ml was significantly less, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); 5 patients in the observation group suffered from postoperative bleeding and complications The incidence rate was 16.00%, which was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.588, P<0.05). Conclusion: From our study it was able to show that tonsillectomy for adults and children with recurrent tonsillitis were widely used which improves health and quality of life and reduces the need to consume medical resources. When low-temperature plasma tonsillectomy is used in the clinical treatment of patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy, the inoperative blood loss of the patients is significantly reduced, the clinical pain of the patients is further relieved, and the serum inflammatory factor levels of the patients are adjusted.

Background: Despite medical advancement, Bangladesh still show high infant mortality rate. Infections, pre-term birth, and birth asphyxia are identified as the three leading causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. Advanced quality care and essential newborn care practices can minimize the mortality as well as the morbidity of neonates. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the neonatal care practice among nurses working at both public and private hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among conveniently selected 117 nurses working at the selected three public and two private hospitals in Bangladesh. A face-to-face interview was carried out through a structured questionnaire containing two domains including the socio-demographic part and the neonatal care-related segment. Descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, percentage, mean, SD and t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results: The total mean score of neonatal care practice was 46.27±9.22 in public hospital and 50.85±5.03 in Private Hospital. The mean age of participants in public was 32.35 (SD=6.85) and in private hospitals was 29.91(SD=3.69) years. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between number of nurses (r=.834, p<.001), number of bed (r=.559, p<.001), job experience (r=.294, p= .023) and neonatal care practice among nurses in public hospital. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between number of nurses (r=-.812, p<.001), number of beds (r=-.812, p<.001) and neonatal care practice among nurses in private hospitals. Conclusion: It is concluded that the overall neonatal care practice of nurses in Bangladesh is at a satisfactory level. Though private hospital nurses show a higher level than government hospitals with respect to neonatal care practice.

Background: Burnout is a state of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion caused by chronic overwork, and nurses are particularly susceptible to experiencing burnout, which can have implications for both job satisfaction and patient well-being. This study aimed to investigate job satisfaction, burnout, and the relationship between these factors among nurses working in the pediatric ward of a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 105 conveniently selected nurses from various pediatric wards at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect data. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyze the data, with 101 participants' data being considered for analysis after excluding four participants. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used, along with inferential statistics including two-sample t-test, ANOVA, and correlation. Results: The participants' mean age was 28 years (SD±4.20). The average job satisfaction score was 2.50 (SD=.56), with approximately 16.3% of nurses reporting being very satisfied and 36.6% expressing satisfaction. Notably, nurses working in gastrology and neurology wards reported significantly higher job satisfaction (M=3.02; SD=.25) than those in other units (F=7.38; p=.000). Additionally, nurses who had participated in at least one training showed significantly higher job satisfaction (M=2.59; SD=.65) compared to those who had not received any training (M=2.40; SD=.55) (t=3.56; p<.05). Regarding burnout, the mean score was 2.11 (SD=.69). Work place (F=3.03; p=.03) and length of service (F=2.55; p=.04) were found to be significantly associated with burnout. Job satisfaction was negatively correlated with burnout, though the correlation was weak (r=-.09; p=.32). Conclusion: The study concluded that nurses in Bangladesh generally experience a moderate level of job satisfaction and a low level of burnout.

As a leading force in new forms of exercise and fitness, sports apps have successfully attracted the attention of young college students by integrating the exercise mode of "Internet and Sports". In the process of extracurricular physical exercise for college students, the accompanying activities of sports apps have brought diverse impacts. It enriches the forms and projects of extracurricular physical exercise for college students, makes exercise motivation more diversified, and effectively enhances the enthusiasm of college students to participate in extracurricular physical exercise. This article uses literature review, questionnaire survey, and mathematical statistics to study the impact of using sports apps on physical exercise among sports students at Zhejiang Normal University.

Introduction: Abortion is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where access to safe abortion services is often limited. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of abortion cases in a tertiary-level hospital setting, providing insights into the demographic profile of patients, nature and type of abortions, treatment methods, and post-abortion complications. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2022 to July 2023. A total of 100 patients were consecutively sampled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through patient medical records and interviews, focusing on demographic information, details of the abortion, and subsequent outcomes. Result: The majority of patients were in the 26-30 age group (42%), with 58% being primigravida. Most abortions occurred in the early stages of pregnancy (<13 weeks, 75%). Incomplete abortions were the most common type (83%), and the majority of cases were spontaneous (84%). Surgical intervention (D&C) was the predominant treatment method (83%). While most patients (84%) did not experience complications, a minority faced significant health challenges, including shock (5%) and septicemia (3%). Conclusion: The study highlights a high incidence of incomplete abortions and a preference for surgical treatment in abortion cases at the tertiary hospital level in Bangladesh. These findings underscore the need for improved abortion care, enhanced patient education, and better access to comprehensive abortion services. The study's insights are crucial for informing policy and practice to improve reproductive health services and address the challenges of unsafe abortion practices in Bangladesh.

Background: Breast cancer presents a complex clinical scenario requiring multifaceted approaches for effective management. Objective: The primary objective is to analyze the Clinical status of Ocular Manifestations in Breast Cancer Patients. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 45 breast cancer patients. Data on age distribution, educational qualifications, socio-economic status, disease staging, primary treatment methods, and ocular manifestations were collected and analyzed to determine demographic trends and disease characteristics. Results: The study revealed a diverse demographic representation across age groups, with a notable concentration between 41 and 60 years. Educational qualifications and socio-economic statuses exhibited varied distributions. Disease staging indicated a significant prevalence of advanced stages (II and III), while diverse treatment modalities, primarily mastectomy and segmental resection, were employed. Ocular manifestations, although relatively infrequent at 11.10%, underscored the importance of vigilant monitoring. Conclusion: The findings highlight the multifaceted nature of breast cancer patient profiles and disease characteristics. Tailored approaches are warranted considering diverse patient demographics and disease stages. Enhanced early detection strategies and personalized treatment plans are imperative to optimize breast cancer care. The recognition and surveillance of ocular manifestations emphasize the need for comprehensive patient monitoring. Altogether, this study underscores the significance of personalized, comprehensive care strategies in breast cancer management to improve patient outcomes and well-being.