This study aimed at finding out whether chronic consumption of oxidized palm oil affects the expression and/or activity of the renal transport proteins involved in the transportation of the electrolytes and glucose. 20 male Wistar rats weighing 120-140gms at the beginning of the experiment were randomly divided into four groups namely: control group, fresh palm oil diet-fed group (FPO); photoxidized palm oil diet-fed group (PPO), and Thermoxidized palm oil diet-fed group (TPO). The control group received normal rat chow while the oil-fed groups received 15% of the respective palm oil diet regimen in addition to tap water for 90 days. After 90 days, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples collected while the kidneys were excised for biochemical analyses. Results showed that aldosterone levels in the PPO and TPO were significantly (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) higher than that of control with the levels in the TPO being significantly (P<0.001) higher than PPO. Na+/K+ATPase and H+/K+ATPase activities were significantly (P<0.01; P<0.001, P<0.001) higher in FPO, PPO and TPO compared with control; with the Na+/K+ATPase activities in TPO being significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.05) than FPO and PPO respectively; while K+/H+ATPase activities in TPO were significantly (P< 0.001; P<0.001) higher than FPO and PPO respectively. SGLUT2 concentration in PPO was significantly(P<0.001) lower than control and FPO; and significantly (P<0.001) lower in TPO when compared with control and PPO and FPO. Therefore, chronic consumption of photo-and thermoxidized palm oil diets increases Na+/K+ATPase, and H+/K+ATPase activities, aldosterone levels but lowers SGLUT2 levels in Wistar rats.

Introduction: Planned full-term cesarean section is part of a set of priority targeted procedures due in particular to their frequency, the disparity of practices and a dynamic of increase. The decision on the mode of delivery (planned cesarean or natural delivery) is re-evaluated throughout the pregnancy depending on medical and obstetrical elements concerning the woman. The mode of delivery may ultimately be different from that initially planned. There has not been an evaluation of our indications for planned cesarean sections, hence the interest in initiating this work. Objective: Our aim was to determine the rate of planned cesarean section at term according to clinical practice recommendations. Methods and Materials: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with retrospective recruitment of files over a period of eighteen months, taking place from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2024 in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the hospital. from Mali to Bamako. The target population was women seen in prenatal consultations during the study period. The inclusion criteria were all patients with an indication for planned cesarean section at our department during the study period. The non-inclusion criteria were indications for cesarean sections during labor in our department during the study period. Data entry and statistical analysis were carried out using SPSS software. The Pearson chi-square test as well as the Fisher exact test with a significance threshold of 5% (p ˂ 0.05) were used for the interpretation of the data. Results: Our cesarean section rate was 12.3% (n=64/520). The main indications were respectively multi-scarred uterus, diabetic macrosomia, scarred uterus + borderline pelvis, severe preeclampsia and pregnancy and immature pelvis with respectively 4%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 1.2% and 1.2%. At the end 12% (n=12/520) of primiparous women had undergone a cesarean section compared to 10% (n=52/520) of multiparous women. Conclusion: It is important to communicate internally with all professionals concerned for the decision-making of planned cesarean section, in order to choose the most appropriate mode of delivery while avoiding unjustified cesarean sections, thus reducing the number of scarred uteri linked to Cesarean section can cause multiple scarring of the uterus.

Background: The outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) service is becoming increasingly popular worldwide due to its efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. It is considered as an alternative to hospital treatment. However, these services have not yet become an integral part of the healthcare system in Saudi Arabia. The present study is intended to estimate the 30-day readmission rate of OPAT patients, estimate healthcare costs in OPAT services, evaluate patient and family satisfaction, and evaluate catheter-related complications. Methods: In this retrospective study, at the Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), 80 patients aged ≥3 months to <14 years, stable and kept only for the completion of IV antibiotics were recruited between the period of November 2020 to October 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, antibiotics used, improvement rate, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness were collected. Results: Significant variations in medical cases are observed, with notable fluctuations in UTI cases and consistent reporting of other medical conditions across the years. Antibiotic usage patterns also vary, with some antibiotics increasing in usage over time. Cost-saving analyses reveal substantial saving associated with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) compared to inpatient care, highlighting OPAT's cost-effectiveness. Inferential findings confirm significant differences in the distribution of medical cases and antibiotic usage across the years. The study highlighted the importance of OPAT in providing patient-centered care and managing healthcare expenses efficiently. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that OPAT is a reliable and cost-effective service. It can reduce the direct cost of life-threatening infections compared to completing the course as an in-patient case. We have saved 93.48% of the overall estimated hospital expense through providing OPAT service.

The past ten years have seen significant expansion in the aviation sector, which during the previous five years has steadily pushed emerging countries closer to economic independence. It is crucial to accurately forecast the potential demand for air travel to make long-term financial plans. To forecast market demand for low-cost passenger carriers, this study suggests working with low-cost airlines, airports, consultancies, and governmental institutions' strategic planning divisions. The study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-based methods, notably fuzzy inference systems (FIS), to determine the most accurate forecasting technique for domestic low-cost carrier demand in Bangladesh. To give end users real-world applications, the study includes nine variables, two sub-FIS, and one final Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System utilizing a Graphical User Interface (GUI) made with the app designer tool. The evaluation criteria used in this inquiry included mean square error (MSE), accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity. The effectiveness of the developed Air Passenger Demand Prediction FIS is assessed using 240 data sets, and the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and MSE values are 90.83%, 91.09%, 90.77%, and 2.09%, respectively.

International Medical School (IMS), Management and Science University, Malaysia Pregnant mothers with uncompleted pregnancies should be encouraged to perform physical exercises. Aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises are beneficial in pregnancy [1].

This study examined the relationship between supplier relationship management and the effectiveness of firm's supply chain of selected manufacturing in Port Harcourt. Correlational survey research design was adopted for this study as this study seek to determine the relationship between the two variables. The population of this study is thirty-two (32) manufacturing companies in Rivers State which are registered with the Rivers State branch of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN). There are only 32 registered firms with MAN in the State. With regard to the respondents of the study given the strategic nature of the study, three key managers (production manager, marketing manager and logistics manager) were chosen as respondents from each using simple random sampling of the thirty-two firms constitute the study subject. This gave us a total of ninety-two (92) for the study. Structured questionnaire instrument title” Supplier relationship management and effectiveness questionnaire was developed on five-point likert scale. The result of the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test indicates .800 which is above .70 which implies that the items are reliable. Pearson product moment correlation was used to test the hypotheses using SPSS (statistical package social sciences). The study revealed that there is a significant relationship between Collaborative Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Transactional Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between Strategic Supplier Relationship Management and Effectiveness of Firm's Supply Chain of selected manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The study concluded that Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of a firm’s supply chain, particularly in the manufacturing industry. In Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study recommended that manufacturing firms should focus on building long-term strategic partnerships with key suppliers based on trust, mutual benefit, and shared goals. This can help in aligning interests, fostering innovation, and creating a competitive advantage.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of different types of physical activities (e.g., weight-bearing exercises, resistance training, aerobic exercises) in preventing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods: A comprehensive computerized search of pertinent databases was conducted in order to find studies that satisfied the inclusion requirements. To find pertinent information, a thorough search of PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, and Web of Science was conducted. Results: Our data included seven trials with 30,728 women. Each study included a different exercise program, such as walking impulse, general regular exercise, aerobic exercise, and multipurpose exercise. Frequent regular exercise for a longer duration (>1 h) had considerably stronger preventative benefits for postmenopausal osteoporosis. The multifunctional exercise regimen described here had a positive impact on specific musculoskeletal, BMD, body composition, and cardiometabolic endpoints. After a meal, 45 minutes of suprathreshold speed-enhanced accelerated walking on level ground can prevent or mitigate postmenopausal osteoporosis in stationary women. Hormone replacement therapy and aerobic exercise can raise vertebral bone mineral density. Conclusion: For postmenopausal women, physical activity is a crucial non-pharmacological intervention in preventing osteoporosis. Personalized exercise prescriptions are necessary, nevertheless, as evidenced by the variation in the efficacy of various exercise regimens. Subsequent studies have to persist in refining our comprehension of the ideal workout plans for averting osteoporosis and tackling the obstacles associated with consistency and durability.

Myocardial infarction resulting from coronary embolism is a rare type of acute coronary syndrome, often going unnoticed. Distinguishing it from acute coronary syndromes arising from atherosclerosis is important, as it significantly influences the treatment approach. It is frequently associated with conditions that increase the risk of thromboembolism, such as infective endocarditis, atrial fibrillation, mitral valve disease, neoplasia and cardiac surgeries. We would like to present a case of coronary embolism involving a 42-year-old male with a history of rheumatic valve disease and atrial fibrillation who was admitted for acute chest pain. The diagnosis was confirmed through coronary angiography.

Purpose: This study highlights the clinical and radiological challenges in distinguishing ovarian malignancy from pelvic tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the need for precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Background: Pelvic TB, a rare extrapulmonary form of tuberculosis, presents diagnostic challenges, particularly in developed countries where it is less prevalent. Its symptoms, including chronic pelvic pain, menstrual irregularities, and adnexal masses, can mimic those of ovarian cancer, leading to potential misdiagnosis. Although TB is uncommon in developed nations, it remains a significant global health issue, particularly affecting individuals from endemic regions. Pelvic TB typically spreads to reproductive organs through lymphatic dissemination, direct extension, or hematogenous routes. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding, breathlessness, weight loss, and night sweats. She had a history of lung sarcoidosis, recurrent chest infections, and prior TB exposure. Initial imaging suggested advanced ovarian malignancy, but an omental biopsy revealed granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis. Further tests confirmed disseminated TB, and the patient underwent a 9-month course of anti-tuberculous therapy, which resolved most disseminated TB lesions. However, a persistent complex pelvic cyst required conservative follow-up. Conclusion: Although pelvic TB is rare in developed countries, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses with ascites and elevated CA 125, especially in patients with recurrent chest infections and TB exposure.

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the pancreas involving varying degrees of regional tissues and distant organ systems. This study aims to investigate the clinical presentations and risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis to enhance understanding and guide more effective management strategies. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and risk factors associated with acute pancreatitis. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 1, 2021, to December 31, 2023, spanning 2.6 years. The study included 42 consecutive patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Data were collected by reviewing patient records for demographic details, clinical presentations, etiological factors, complications, and outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 23, with categorical variables expressed as numbers and percentages. Result: The majority of the 42 patients included in the study were within the age group of 20-39 years, 24 (57.14%) patients The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain, reported by 40 (95.24%) patients. Biliary causes, including gallstones and common bile duct stones, were identified as the predominant etiology in 27 (64.29%) patients. Complications included necrotizing pancreatitis in 4 (9.52%) patients. Regarding outcomes, 27 (64.29%) patients recovered and were discharged. Conclusion: Effective management, emphasizing early diagnosis and treatment, is crucial for reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with acute pancreatitis.

In the context of the energy transition, optimizing photovoltaic solar systems with charge controllers plays a crucial role in managing the energy produced by solar panels and its storage in batteries. Two dominant technologies are used in this field: MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). This paper presents an in-depth comparative study of these two technologies, focusing on their efficiency, cost, and suitability for small-scale solar installations, particularly in rural African contexts where budget constraints are significant. The study begins with a detailed literature review, analyzing the operating principles of MPPT and PWM controllers, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and performance under various environmental conditions. Previous studies are examined to identify the conditions under which each type of controller offers the best performance. Empirical data and existing case studies are reviewed to establish a solid comparison base. This analysis is accompanied by tables and graphs illustrating the performance of both types of controllers. Based on the results of this analysis, the paper proposes the design of a PWM charge controller suitable for small solar installations in rural areas with budget constraints. This solution aims to promote energy accessibility while minimizing costs, offering a viable alternative for rural communities with limited resources.

The remarkable progress in nanotechnology in the last several decades has drawn attention to nanoparticles (NPs) and their characterization, synthesis, and applications. This phenomenon is caused by changes in the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties of the materials on this scale, including their optical properties, thermal conductivity, and melting point. Since many procedures for producing metal nanoparticles need high temperatures and harsh chemical conditions, scaling them up for large-scale manufacture can be challenging. Generally, there are two primary methods for synthesizing nanomaterials: the bottom-up method and the top-down method. A spinning disc reactor (SDR) is used in the spinning-assisted production of nanoparticles. Carbon fullerenes are spherical cages that contain anything from 28 to over 100 carbon atoms. Because of the way they interact with carbon to generate hexagons and pentagons, which result in hollow balls, they resemble soccer balls. The chemical or elemental makeup of nanoparticles directly affects their purity and functionality. The efficiency of the nanoparticle may decline if there is a rise in secondary or undesired materials present, since this might also result in secondary reactions and contamination throughout the process. Although they are commonly supplied as dispersions in different media, including glasses or liquid solvents, they may also be produced in the gas phase to create aerosols. When gold nanoparticles are exposed to a particular wavelength of light, the light's oscillating electromagnetic field causes the free electrons to collectively oscillate coherently. The nanoadsorbents are particularly effective in reducing pollutants, and very little nanoadsorbent is needed to absorb the pollutants' components.

Construction projects involve many parties and experts such as builders, contractors, designers, and consultants, which causes project arrangements to be complicated with many risks and uncertainties, including legal and financial risks. Legal risks include aspects of contracts, permits, certificates, claims, lawsuits, and sanctions. Conflicts or disputes can arise due to legal risks, which can lead to cost overruns and delays in project schedules. The project manager must be able to mitigate these risks in order to achieve the project objectives. This study uses descriptive qualitative and descriptive analytical methods to provide a detailed description of the research problem. The results showed that the risks adversely affect the legal aspects of construction, time, cost, and quality of the project. Legal risks in construction projects can arise due to several reasons, namely problems with documents and contract articles, lawsuits from third parties, and problems in acquiring project land. Good risk management is required to improve project efficiency, and project performance is improved when the organization can create a high fit between risk exposure and risk management profile.

This research examined the impact of students' characteristics and their perceptions about learning environment on mathematics and science achievement. It specifically aimed to demystify the effect of gender, economic, social and cultural status, immigrant background, teacher feedback, teacher support, exposure to bullying, and disciplinary climate on on mathematics and science achievement. Furthermore, it reanalyzed the results of the 2018 PISA-Saudi Arabia. Economic Social and Cultural Status, Gender, Teacher Support, and Immigrant Background found to have an influence on mathematics and science achievement. The study recommended that educational institutions in Saudi Arabia should pay attention to gender differences and the economic, social and cultural status, and immigrant backgrounds of students.

The increasing number of accidents and losses due to work accidents, as well as potential hazards in the production process, require effective, comprehensive, and integrated Occupational Safety Management in the management of the company. Work accidents are often caused by unsafe activities, which can be caused by lack of knowledge and skills, physical disabilities, fatigue, and unsafe attitudes and behaviors. This study uses normative legal research methods with a statutory approach and a case-based approach. Sources of legal materials used include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that corporate crimes, including criminal liability of negligent companies in managing worker safety, can result in the loss of workers ' lives. The government has very little control over the implementation of occupational safety laws, and companies are still minimal in capital to improve K3 services for employees. In addition, the lack of publications and information on Occupational Safety and health, especially in rural communities, contributes to the aggravation of this condition.