National Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976) was one of the leading poets, writers, journalists, lyricists and musicians of the Bangla language. This free-spirited man is an uncompromising fighter for equality, Justice, anti-imperialism, humanity and oppression. The abundance of creation in his literary life is unparalleled. Spontaneity in his literature has given rise to an art form distinguished by its unique beauty. He added a new dimension to Bangla literature. His poems and songs spoken the message of humanity and equality. His nature, philanthropy and devotional songs combine unique nuances of melody and lyrics to create an exquisitely dreamy atmosphere, the appeal of which is eternal and imperishable.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for monitoring pregnancy and improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the relationship between ANC and pregnancy outcomes among participants at rural upazilla health complex, like Sariakandi Upazilla of Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Upazilla Health Complex in Saniakandi, Bangladesh included 45 pregnant women selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected from medical records and structured interviews to gather information on demographics, obstetric history, clinical history, and specifics of ANC. Maternal outcomes of interest included preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage, while neonatal outcomes included gestational age at birth, birth weight, Apgar scores, and NICU admissions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to explore the relationship between the number of antenatal visits and pregnancy outcomes. Results: Most participants were aged 21-30 (55.6%) with secondary education (80.0%) and were predominantly housewives (97.8%). Preeclampsia was diagnosed in 6.7% of participants, and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in 2.2%. All cases of preeclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage occurred in women with fewer than 4 antenatal visits, indicating a strong negative correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82). Neonatal outcomes showed that 2.2% of newborns were preterm, and 17.8% had low birth weight. Higher frequency of ANC visits correlated positively with better Apgar scores at 1 minute (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.71) and 5 minutes (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.61). Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of frequent and timely ANC in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes. Enhanced ANC accessibility and early initiation are essential for reducing the risks of adverse outcomes, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Background: COVID 19 created an urgent demand for rapid diagnosis to encircle this pandemic and improve patient management. In this context, we evaluated the concordance of the ID NOW test compared to the Eurobioplex RT-PCR test in the rapid diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: To evaluate the concordance of the assay at different viral loads, 154 positive samples were selected to represent the full range of Ct values observed on the Eurobioplex RT-PCR assay, ranging from 14 to 38 cycles. Positive concordance for the ID Now assay was calculating dusing Eurobioplex RT-PCR as the reference test. An additional 70 negative samples were selected to assess negative concordance. Results: Compared to Eurobioplex RT-PCR, the overall positive agreement was 79% with ID Now. Negative agreement was 100% for ID Now. ID Now showed 100% positive agreement for medium and high viral concentrations (Ct value <30). However, for Ct values >30, the positive agreement was 33.3% for ID Now. Conclusions: This study shows a major limitation of ID Now for specimens collected in universal transport media with lower viral concentrations. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the performance of ID Now for dry nasopharyngeal swabs (manufacturer's recommended method).

Background: Hypothyroidism in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with worse outcomes. However, this has not yet been adequately investigated in Bangladeshi people. Objective: To find out the proportion and covariates of hypothyroidism among patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 323 patients from the Endocrinology and Allied Medicine Department at BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients with metabolic syndrome but no prior diagnosis of hypothyroidism were included. Detailed history, physical examinations, and thyroid function tests—Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Free Thyroxine (FT4), and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibody (Anti-TPO Ab)—were performed. Subclinical hypothyroidism was defined as TSH >4.12 mIU/L and <10 mIU/L, while overt hypothyroidism was defined as TSH >10 mIU/L. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression, were conducted to explore associations between components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid dysfunction. Results: Out of the 323 participants, 62.8% were euthyroid, 28.5% had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 8.7% had overt hypothyroidism. Autoimmune hypothyroidism was confirmed in 31.6% of hypothyroid patients through elevated Anti-TPO Ab levels, a statistically significant finding. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females and obese individuals. Significant positive correlations were observed between TSH and waist circumference (r=0.153), systolic blood pressure (r=0.271), and triglycerides (r=0.128), while FT4 showed negative correlations. Multiple linear regression indicated significant associations between waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: It was concluded that a higher proportion of metabolic syndrome cases were suffering from hypothyroidism. This necessitates that all MetS patients be screened for thyroid profile and autoimmune status and managed accordingly.

This paper proposes a new high-gain Buck-Boost DC-DC converter, specifically designed for micro-grid applications where efficient voltage and power management is crucial. Traditional boost converters, such as those with switched inductors or capacitors, face limitations in voltage gain due to extreme operating cycles, leading to issues like reverse recovery, high conduction losses, and electromagnetic interference. Isolated converters, such as fly-back or push-pull converters, while effective at overcoming these constraints, introduce losses due to leakage inductance and overvoltage. With the rise of micro-grids and photovoltaic (PV) systems requiring high voltage gain due to their low output voltage, the proposed Buck-Boost DC-DC converter stands out for its ability to provide high output voltages while accommodating a wide range of input voltages. The converter is designed to handle input voltages ranging from 7V to 75V and uses pulse-width modulation (PWM)-based control to precisely regulate the output. Additionally, it incorporates advanced protection mechanisms with the LM5050-1, providing reverse input voltage protection and reduced quiescent current (IQ), ensuring enhanced safety and improved energy efficiency. Experimental results show that this Buck-Boost DC-DC converter significantly improves power management in microgrids, offering a reliable solution for renewable energy distribution systems and standalone networks. Its flexibility, robustness, and advanced protection features make it ideal for meeting the needs of next-generation power grids.

Background: Menstrual disorders are a significant global public health issue affecting many women during their reproductive years. These disorders include irregularities in the menstrual cycle, heavy bleeding, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (painful periods), and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), leading to physical, behavioral, and emotional changes. Factors such as weight changes, stress, drug use, hormonal imbalances, and recent childbirth or miscarriage can disrupt menstrual patterns. Menstrual issues not only impact women's health and quality of life but also result in economic consequences and poor academic performance. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices among female undergraduates in Bangladesh, as well as explore potential factors that may influence these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 180 female students at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (outdoor) in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 December 2021. It aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and self-care practices. Participants, aged 18-25 years and willing to participate, were selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, menstrual history, and self-care practices. SPSS version 26.0 was used for statistical analysis, employing descriptive statistics and the chi-square test to explore associations. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant, providing a comprehensive assessment framework. Result: The sociodemographic profile of 180 participants shows that most are aged 21-25 years, with a mean age of 22.48±1.68 years. Early menarche was common among 88.33%, and 62.22% belonged to the low social class living in hostels. A significant proportion (82.78%) were single, with only 2.78% having experienced pregnancy. Parental sponsorship for education was prevalent (72.22%). Most participants correctly identified menstruation as a physiological process (66.67%) and knew menstrual blood originates from the uterus (62.78%). Common absorbent materials were disposable sanitary pads (88.89%). Patterns of menstrual health and self-care practices revealed proper hygiene but suboptimal management of menstrual disorders. Age, social class, education sponsorship, and knowledge of menstrual disorders significantly influenced self-care practices. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were the most common menstrual disorders. Conclusion: This research examines menstrual health knowledge, disorders, and self-care among female undergraduates, highlighting the impact of socio-demographic factors and educational support. It reveals significant knowledge gaps and underscores the need for better educational initiatives. Insights into menstrual disorders and self-care strategies provide guidance for targeted interventions and support within academic environments.

Background: Tubal factor infertility accounts for a large portion of female factor infertility. The most prevalent cause of tubal factor infertility is pelvic inflammatory disease and acute salpingitis. Tubal factor infertility accounts for approximately 25-35% of cases of female infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the role of leparoscopic evaluation of Tubal factors in case of infertility. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out at Department of Gynae and Obstetrics UHC, Dhamrai, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to December 2023. 55 patients were selected for laparoscopic evaluation. Inclusion criteria were patients with no prior pelvic surgery, normal bimanual pelvic examination, normal semen parameters of partner and no ovulatory dysfunction. After obtaining thorough history & detailed examination, patients were informed about the procedure and written informed consent was taken. Results: 55 patients underwent laparoscopy during the study period. Most patients 10 were in the age group of ˂20 yr, 15 were between 21-30 yr & 20 were 31- 40 yr of age and 10 were between 36 – 40 yrs of age. Among these 55 patients 24 patients had primary infertility while 31 had presented with secondary infertility. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed normal pelvic organs in 9 (16.3%) cases, Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in 3 (5.4%), endometriosis in 13 (23.6%) and congenital anomalies of uterus in 1(1.8%) cases. 7.2% cases had bilateral tubal block, 27.3% had unilateral block and in 7.2% cases though the tubes were found patent significant peritubal adhesions were noted. Tubal pathology was detected in 55.5% cases of primary infertility and 42.1% cases of secondary infertility. Among those who had tubal pathology, nonspecific pelvic inflammatory disease was noted in 33.3% and genital tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2.7% cases. The most common complications were pyrexia, shoulder tip pain, nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a safe and effective diagnostic tool in evaluating tubal status of infertile patients. Laparoscopy and chromopertubation test should be recommended as a first step in the investigation of infertile women with tubal factor.