Coexisting pituitary lesions may range from clinically non-functioning adenomas to hormonally active tumors such as prolactinomas and growth hormone (GH) or thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting adenomas. A 22-year-old male presented with a two-month history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, accompanied by signs of intracranial hypertension, including intermittent frontal headaches resistant to analgesics and a sudden decrease in visual acuity. He also reported a 20 kg weight gain and an increase in shoe size from 40 to 44 over a seven-month period, without any decline in libido. Clinical examination revealed normal blood pressure and heart rate, and no dysmorphic features, particularly no acromegaloid characteristics. The patient had moderate obesity (BMI: 34 kg/m²), bilateral gynecomastia, mild violaceous striae, no galactorrhea, and was classified as Tanner stage G5P5. Hormonal evaluation showed hyperprolactinemia at 278 ng/mL, central hypothyroidism (TSH: 0.6 mIU/L; free T4: 8 pmol/L), and central hypogonadism (FSH: 1.37 IU/L; LH: 1.1 IU/L; total testosterone: 1.80 ng/mL). IGF-1 was within the normal range (275.8 ng/mL; reference: 120–338). Morning cortisol was 15 µg/dL, with an appropriate suppression after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone test (0.7 µg/dL). A 24-hour urinary free cortisol measurement was also normal (75 µg/24h). HbA1c was 5.5%. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a normal fundus, but visual field testing showed nasal isopter narrowing. Pituitary MRI demonstrated a well-defined intra- and suprasellar lesion measuring 19 × 16 × 19 mm, consistent with a pituitary macroadenoma. Additionally, an infiltrative cortical and subcortical lesion in the fronto-cingulate region (36 × 24 × 47 mm) suggested a low-grade glioma. The patient was started on cabergoline 0.5 mg twice weekly and levothyroxine 25 µg daily. Neurosurgical intervention for the glioma was performed with gross total resection. Histopathological analysis confirmed a low-grade glial proliferation. Postoperative clinical and biochemical follow-up showed favorable outcomes. This case highlights the need for comprehensive neuroimaging in patients diagnosed with pituitary adenomas who present with atypical neurological symptoms, such as seizures.

Dental luting cements are essential materials used for the retention of indirect restorations and prevention of microleakage. Over the years, these materials have evolved from conventional non-adhesive cements to advanced adhesive resin-based systems. This review discusses the classification, properties, composition, and clinical applications of various luting cements along with their advantages and limitations, emphasizing evidence-based selection for optimal clinical outcomes [1].

This study analyzes the philosophical values embedded in Ho Chi Minh’s thought on building the Vietnamese people’s armed forces. From a philosophical perspective, Ho Chi Minh’s ideas transcend the scope of political or military doctrines; they represent a profound dialectical reflection on the relationships between human beings and community, politics and ethics, national independence and humanistic ideals. Grounded in Marxist–Leninist philosophy, Ho Chi Minh creatively developed a distinctive ideological model in which the strength of the armed forces originates from the people and ultimately serves the people. The core philosophical value in Ho Chi Minh’s thought is reflected through his humanistic worldview, moral rationality, and the unity between theory and practice affirming the ontological role of the people as the foundation of national strength. In today’s context, this research seeks to elucidate the enduring significance and contemporary relevance of Ho Chi Minh’s philosophical thought in developing a “revolutionary, regular, elite, and gradually modernized” armed force aimed at safeguarding the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

This research investigates the impact of an AI adaptive language assessment system, when combined with special education principles, on neurodiverse students in TESOL contexts. Although adaptive systems have been extensively debated in language learning, there has been remarkably little attention paid to students with autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, or ADHD. To fill this research void, the study employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach. In the quantitative component, 120 students were included in a 12-week quasi-experimental design comparing the impact of AI adaptive assessment with traditional testing modes. The data included standardized English proficiency test scores, test anxiety, engagement, and psychometric statistics using Item Response Theory and differential item functioning. The results demonstrated greater proficiency achievement, reduced anxiety, and increased engagement among students using the adaptive system. Reliability coefficients were high, and subgroup analysis revealed little measurement bias. In the qualitative component, teacher interviews shed light on usability and integration in the classroom. In general, the results of this study indicate that by combining adaptive assessment with organized special education principles, students with diverse cognitive abilities can be treated equitably and meaningfully in language assessment, while also offering a roadmap for future research on transparency and long-term implementation.

The rapid penetration of renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind power into modern power grids introduces significant operational challenges, including intermittency, voltage instability, harmonic distortion, and fault vulnerability. Conventional control strategies are often insufficient for handling dynamic grid disturbances and nonlinear system behavior. This study proposes an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enhanced control framework for grid-connected renewable energy systems to enable adaptive control, predictive fault detection, and resilient operation. The proposed architecture integrates machine learning-based fault classification, adaptive inverter control, and real-time grid condition monitoring. A hybrid dataset composed of simulated grid disturbances and real operational parameters is used to train and validate the AI model. Results demonstrate improved fault detection accuracy, reduced system recovery time, enhanced voltage stability, and improved power quality under dynamic grid conditions. The proposed AI-driven framework enhances grid reliability, supports high renewable penetration, and contributes to resilient and sustainable energy infrastructure.

In developing countries around the world, tourism has been a major driver of regional economic changes and has also played an important role in shaping the economies of certain regions that are geographically sensitive and have significant economic diversity. This research examines how tourism-led development has affected North Bengal (home to part of the Himalaya mountain range), which is an environmentally sensitive zone with significant structural disparities within its respective economy, by assessing the role of tourism-led development as it relates to providing employment in North Bengal. Using district level panel data collected from 2010-2024, descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between tourist visitations, tourism revenue, developed infrastructure as well as government investment related tourism, and employment generation. The research results provide empirical evidence in support of the tourism-led growth hypothesis, indicating that tourism and/or infrastructure investment have both increased all forms of employment opportunities (direct, indirect). Furthermore, the results show that the degree of increase in employment opportunities has been dependent (and, thus, highly heterogeneous) on each respective district's ability to develop its own institutional capacity, establish connectivity between the district and other areas, and implement sustainable practices. Although strong multiplier effects were associated with expanding tourism, the research highlights the importance of conducting environmentally sound planning throughout the delicate Himalayan ecosystem. By incorporating regional development theories and employment elasticity modelling, the research contributes empirical evidence to the micro-level tourism-growth literature that should provide policy recommendations related to improving infrastructure, developing community-based tourism, enhancing skill sets of the local workforce, and establishing governance structures that would provide long-term resilience for employment. Overall, tourism is identified as a strategic driver of inclusive and sustainable regional development in North Bengal when supported by coherent policy frameworks and environmental safeguards.

This study examines the international city image communication strategy of Yiwu through the lens of “using commerce as media”, an emerging yet underexplored approach in city branding research. Focusing on ten short videos from the 2025 Wanguo Chuangfu Chao series produced by the Yiwu Belt and Road International Communication Center, the study adopts qualitative content analysis to investigate how commercial practices, entrepreneurial narratives, and value-oriented storytelling jointly construct Yiwu’s global image. The findings reveal that Yiwu’s communication strategy successfully projects a multidimensional city image as (1) a hyper-efficient global trade hub, (2) a culturally inclusive and integrated cosmopolitan community, and (3) an aspirational platform for entrepreneurial success. This is achieved through three key strategies: a glocal storytelling framework that integrates personal narratives with macro-level positioning, the strategic use of foreign entrepreneurs as credible narrators, and value-forward communication linking commerce to global themes such as sustainability and inclusivity. The study contributes to the literature by addressing the gap in self-constructed city image research and advancing the conceptualization of commerce-as-media as a distinct communication paradigm. It also offers practical implications for cities seeking to enhance their international visibility through innovative and culturally resonant communication strategies.