Prevalence of Malnutrition in Patients at First Medical Oncology Visit in a Single Center Study
Dr. Happy, Dr. Mahbub Emam Hossain, Dr. Nazir Uddin Mollah, Dr. Mahir Mubir, Dr. Muslah Uddin, Dr. Tanjila Jahan
Page Numbers : 21-26
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i01.004
Background: Malnutrition is associated to treatment toxicity, complications, reduced physical function, and lower survival in cancer patients. Malnutrition or associated risk was observed in the Prevalence of Malnutrition in Oncology (PreMiO) study among cancer patients visiting their first medical oncology appointment. Oncologists, not nutritionists, evaluated the nutrition status of the patients in this research, which was a first. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition in patients at first medical oncology. Methods: PreMiO was a prospective, observational study conducted at Department of oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. For inclusion, adult patients (>18 years) had a solid tumor diagnosis, were treatment-naive, and had a life expectancy >3 months. Malnutrition was identified by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), appetite status with a visual analog scale (VAS), and appetite loss with a modified version of Anorexia-Cachexia Subscale (AC/S-12) of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia- Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). Results: Of patients enrolled (N=50), 51% had nutritional impairment; 9% were overtly malnourished, and 43% were at risk for malnutrition. Severity of malnutrition was positively correlated with the stage of cancer. Over 40% of patients were experiencing anorexia, as reported in the VAS and FAACT questionnaire. During the prior six months, 64% of patients lost weight (1–10 kg). Conclusion: Even on their first visit to a medical oncology center, malnutrition, anorexia, and weight loss are prevalent in cancer patients.
Original Research Article
Jan. 15, 2022
Ameliorative Potential of Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Fractions of Methanol Leaf Extract of Combretum micranthum against Free Radicals
Musa Bashir, Aminu Ibrahim, Jibril Abdullahi Alhaji, Oche Inalegwu Christopher
Page Numbers : 12-20
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i01.003
Combretum micranthum (CM) is well known for its ethno-medicinal uses in the northwest of Nigeria with little or no scientific basis. Thus, the aim of this research is to evaluate the methanol leaf extract fractions of Combretum micranthum for possible antioxidant compounds. The results of DPPH free radical scavenging showed that ethyl acetate fraction has a higher radical scavenging activity then followed by aqueous fraction of 87.913±3.927 and 84.718±0.605 respectively, compared with ascorbic acid reference standard 80.351±0.732 at 2500ug/m1 concentration. In FRAP, the result showed that ethyl acetate has a higher antioxidant property of 0.818±0.035 followed by aqueous which is 0.800± 0.002 compared to ascorbic acid which is 0.426±0.000. The LC-MS profile revealed the presences of several compounds as follows: 3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-7-oxo- 2H, 3H, 7H- furo (3,2-g) chromen -9-yl)oxy)oxane-2-carboxylic acid and (5- (1E) -3- (6- (3,4- dihydroxy -2,5- bis (hydroxymethyl) oxolan -2-yl) oxy) -3,4,5- trihydroxyoxan -2-yl) methoxy) -3- oxoprop -1- en -1- yl) -2-hydroxyphenyl) oxidane sulfonic acid in ethyl acetate fraction and Atavaquone, Fenarimol, 12-tricosanol, Myricetin, Histidylasparagine and Homocycteine thiolactone in aqueous fraction. The result of the docking revealed some potential and antioxidant activities of the fractions with significant binding interactions between compounds and alpha amylase & alpha glucosidase. Therefore based on the compounds identified by LCMS analysis coupled to the in-vitro antioxidant studies it can be concluded that these fractions of Combretum micranthum can be used against free radicals and potential in drug management.
Original Research Article
Jan. 10, 2022
Epidemiological and Therapeutic Profile of Leishmaniasis in the Province of Al Haouz-Morocco
Fatima Zahrae Lazrak, Ait Antar Doha, Mina Bezaze, Mustapha Jader, M. Sbai, Redouane Moutaj, El Mostafa El Mezouari
Page Numbers : 6-11
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i01.002
The objectives of our study are to trace the epidemiological profile of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in the province of al Haouz and to study the effectiveness of the national control program against leishmaniasis in this endemic area. It is a descriptive epidemiological study of cases recorded in public health facilities (health centers) and in the service of infrastructure and provincial ambulatory activities (SIAAP) of the province al Haouz between 2015 and 2019. Also it is an evaluative study of the provincial leishmaniasis control program. We found 264 cases of CL (94.96%) and 14 cases of VL (5.03%). The age groups most affected by CL were 0-5 years and pediatric cases (age less than 15 years) represented 74.62 percent of all CL cases. Females accounted for 61.15 percent of CL cases. The evolution of the number of notified cases of CL each year showed significant variations with a minimum value of 36 in 2015 and a maximum value of 70 in 2018 with an average number of CL cases recorded per year of 52 cases. The period at risk of CL contamination was the second and third quarter of the year with a percentage of 69.7 percent. 93.18 percent of communes affected by CL were rural communes. Passive screening was 96.59 percent with a number of LC cases of 255. 248 CL cases (93.93% of cases) were treated locally and 2 cases (0.75%) were treated systemically. 14 cases of VL were recorded, with a minimum value of 1 case in 2016 and a maximum value of 5 cases in 2017.All cases were treated by general route. In the present study, the analysis of the annual incidence of CL per 100,000 inhabitants showed a clear decrease in this indicator from 4.48 in 2015 to 1.65 in 2019.
Review Article
Jan. 7, 2022
Biomineralization from Nature to Applications
Vinay Kumar Srivastava
Page Numbers : 1-5
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2022.v08i01.001
Biomineralization is the process by which living forms influence the precipitation of mineral materials. It provides organisms with skeletons and shells while they are alive and when they die they are deposited as sediment in environment from river, plants to the deep ocean floor. Biomineralization process is controlled by various factors like temperature, Organic matrix, additives, pH etc. Variety of applications of Biomineralization based technology in the construction has been reported. The Biomineralization is a multidisciplinary research area which briefly documents the future directions of the technology toward commercial scale applications.
Review Article
Dec. 30, 2021
Existing Opinions on the Correlation between Blood and Salivary Glucose Concentrations for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus
Omorou Moussa, Bassirou Adamou Mouhamadou Mounirou, Grace Paka Lubamba, Rana A. A. M. AL-Mohana, Jethro Mayele Mukelenge
Page Numbers : 637-642
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2021.v07i12.004
Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of chronic metabolic diseases that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and other related metabolic disturbances. It is caused either by relative/absolute insulin deficiency or cellular resistance to insulin action, or both. Due to delay in the diagnosis process, and fear of the disease and its investigative procedure by some patients, diabetes mellitus has become the major cause of death. The most commonly employed investigative procedure to diagnose diabetes mellitus and controlling glycemia is blood investigation. Unfortunately, the procedure is invasive, painful, and may cause discomfort to patients due to the need for frequent testing. Consequently, a noninvasive, much simpler, and painless procedure is very desirable. Saliva represents an attractive alternative sample and offers a distinct advantage as it can be collected noninvasively and easily without special skill, and is low cost. The present review has found more studies with a positive correlation between blood and salivary glucose concentrations than those with a negative correlation. The difference between these studies' findings may be attributed to the difference in study population and criteria of selection, samples (saliva and blood) collecting methods, analyzing methods, and influencing factors that should be considered before the test.
Review Article
Dec. 30, 2021
Delta Variant: Disastrous Covid Variant in India
Rohit Sunil Kumbhar, Murugan N, Praveen Kumar P
Page Numbers : 643-645
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2021.v07i12.005
Delta variant is a variant of concern that WHO is tracking and monitoring around the world. It's a variant of concern because we know it has increased transmissibility. This has been demonstrated by several countries. And we know that where the Delta variant is identified, it really rapidly takes off and spreads between people more efficiently than even the Alpha variant that was first detected around December, January 2021. This review highlights the emergence of Delta variant among Indian populations.
Original Research Article
Dec. 19, 2021
Impacts of Antimalarial Drugs on Malarial Management Outcome of African Regions
Yahya Ahmed Hawbani
Page Numbers : 609-636
DOI : 10.36348/sjmps.2021.v07i12.003
Introduction: The burden of managing malaria is lowering worldwide but it is still a threat in the African region. Understanding the current practices for malaria management can help to determine the gaps that need to be filled in order to achieve effective malaria management in Africa. This systematic review focuses on the actions implemented for malaria management in Africa. These include identification of the current malaria management practices, availability of antimalarial drugs, and evaluation of the affordability and quality of the available drugs. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was undertaken on online scientific databases such as PubMed and Cochrane. The following search terms were utilised - ‘malaria’, ‘management’, ‘Africa’, ‘antimalarial drugs’, ‘antimalarial’, and ‘quality’. The studies were limited by years of publication (2015-2020), and stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were pre-specified to screen for and select the most relevant research articles. The quality of the data available was assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool. The PRISMA guidelines were adhered to for this systematic review. Results: The findings of this systematic review address four main themes - the quality of management of malaria in the African region, the management of malaria in pregnancy in the African region, the assessment of diagnostic tests for malaria in the African region, the effectiveness of specific interventions as regards the incidence and management of malaria, and the availability of, and adherence to anti-malarial drugs in the African region. Conclusion: There is a lack of standardisation and harmonization of the indicators and metrics of health quality where the management of malaria is concerned. There are variations in what is construed to be the full malaria case management pathway, the importance of counselling during the prescription process is inappropriately understated. There is a lack of knowledge when it comes to managing malaria in pregnancy, and pregnant patients are not acknowledged as high-risk patients. There is also inconsistency regarding the intermittent preventive treatment policy for malaria in pregnancy; only 39 out of 47 African countries have such a policy. Although RDTs have a moderate performance vis-à-vis the gold standard microscopy test, their cost-effectiveness has not yet been definitively determined. While antimalarials are widely available in both public and private sectors, their price mark-up remains a financial barrier to the community, especially in hard-to-reach rural areas. Finally, an increasing mobile phone penetration throughout the African region suggests that mobile health solutions could address the top reasons for non-adherence to anti-malarial therapy; namely, forgetfulness and a lack of health literacy.
