Background: Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal gynaecological malignancy with over 240,000 new cases and 190,000 deaths annually worldwide. Breastfeeding has been proposed as a protective factor through ovulation suppression and hormonal modulation, but the specific impact of breastfeeding duration on ovarian cancer risk requires updated synthesis of recent evidence. Objective: To systematically review and synthesise evidence from the last five years on the association between breastfeeding duration and the risk of ovarian cancer. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched from January 2021 to January 2026 for studies reporting quantitative measures of association (hazard ratios, odds ratios, relative risks) between breastfeeding duration and ovarian cancer incidence. Two independent reviewers performed screening using Rayyan. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Due to potential sample overlap, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Of 137 records screened, two large nationwide Korean cohort studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing 2,285,774 women (Kim JH et al., 2026) and 3,754,906 postmenopausal women (Kim LY et al., 2026). Both studies defined prolonged breastfeeding as ≥12 months. Kim JH et al., reported a significant risk reduction among premenopausal women (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.77–0.96), while no significant association was observed in postmenopausal women within that study. Kim LY et al., stated a reduced risk for postmenopausal women with ≥12 months of breastfeeding, though the exact hazard ratio was not provided in the abstract. Risk of bias was moderate for both studies, primarily due to potential residual confounding and recall bias. Conclusions: Breastfeeding for 12 months or longer is associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in ovarian cancer risk, particularly among premenopausal women. These findings support breastfeeding promotion as a low-cost, effective primary prevention strategy. Future research should include diverse populations and detailed duration categories to refine dose-response estimates.

This study synthesizes results from a final sample of 85 high-impact Scopus-indexed articles published between 2015 and 2026 to present a thorough secondary research review of artificial intelligence (AI) in marketing and management. The study methodically evaluates previous research to investigate how AI capabilities affect consumer engagement, decision-making, and company performance. It is based on the Resource Based View (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory, and it complies with PRISMA 2020 requirements. The study uses a theme synthesis technique to identify four main research streams: ethical governance, data-driven decision making, AI as a strategic capability, and customer centricity enabled by AI. These ideas are combined into a cohesive conceptual framework that emphasizes the moderating impacts of ethical governance and the regulatory environment as well as the mediating function of organizational processes. The paper contributes by addressing theoretical fragmentation and proposing a future research agenda, particularly for emerging markets such as Saudi Arabia under Vision 2030.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires intensive self-management, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may impair the executive functions necessary for optimal glycemic control. Emerging evidence suggests that ADHD is more prevalent among individuals with T1D, but the association with clinical outcomes, complications, and educational attainment has not been systematically synthesised in recent years. Objective: To systematically review the association between ADHD and T1D across all age groups, focusing on glycemic control, diabetes-related complications, educational outcomes, mental health, and potential moderators such as ADHD treatment status, sex, and family structure. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched. Studies were eligible if they included individuals with T1D, assessed ADHD diagnosis or symptoms, compared with T1D without ADHD, reported original quantitative data, and were published as peer-reviewed articles. Study selection was performed using Rayyan. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (two cohort, four cross sectional), encompassing over 1.48 million participants across Israel, Sweden, the United States, Norway, and Germany. Comorbid ADHD was associated with significantly higher HbA1c (mean differences +0.6% to +0.7%, p<0.01) and lower time in range (48±17% vs 59±14%, p=0.006). Adults with T1D+ADHD had higher rates of neuropathy (22.7% vs 5.8%), chronic renal failure (10.6% vs 2.5%), and limb amputation (5.3% vs 0.9%). Children with both diagnoses had 76% lower odds of finishing upper secondary school (aOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.17–0.35). Untreated ADHD was associated with worse outcomes than treated ADHD. Family structure (living with one parent and partner) increased odds of ADHD (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.98–4.84), and sex differences favoured worse outcomes in males. Risk of bias was low in three studies and moderate in three. Conclusions: ADHD is associated with poorer glycemic control, higher complication rates, lower educational attainment, and greater depression severity in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Untreated ADHD confers the greatest risk. Systematic screening for ADHD in T1D populations, particularly those with suboptimal glycemic control or recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis, is urgently needed. Integrated, multidisciplinary care and prompt pharmacological treatment of ADHD may improve both medical and psychosocial outcomes.

In this work, effort has made to identify images related to the sounds made by animals and birds using a Vocal Circle Technique. This technique has already been used successfully, to derive sounds of Indus Valley Scripts and Oracle Bone script. Thus establishing the existence of healthy relationship between- (1) image, (2) image identifier / differentiator and (3) sound generated by movement of tongue delineating image differentiator. In different vernaculars, an image is related to different varieties of sounds, based on the image differentiator selected in the vernacular.

The Israel–Palestine conflict remains one of the most complex and contested issues in contemporary international politics. A central question in this debate concerns whether Israel’s actions in Palestinian territories and neighbouring regions are primarily motivated by legitimate security concerns or reflect broader patterns of territorial expansion. This article examines the historical development of the conflict, focusing on the emergence of competing nationalist movements and the impact of colonial and postcolonial dynamics. It analyses how security has been constructed as a guiding principle in Israeli policy, while also exploring critiques that interpret these actions as forms of occupation and territorial consolidation. The study further considers the role of settlement expansion, military strategies, and administrative control in shaping the political and geographic landscape of the region. In addition to political analysis, the article incorporates the human dimension of the conflict, emphasizing how lived experiences influence perceptions of security, identity, and belonging among both Israelis and Palestinians. By bringing together these perspectives, the article highlights the complexity of the issue and the limitations of binary interpretations. The findings suggest that the distinction between security and expansion is not always clear-cut, as policies often reflect overlapping motivations and consequences. The article concludes that a nuanced and multidimensional approach is essential for understanding the conflict and for informing more balanced academic and policy discussions.

This paper investigates media framing and its impact on the postcolonial identity construction of Half of a Yellow Sun, a novel set in the Nigerian civil war of 1967 1970, by the author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, which prefigures conflicting narratives based on local propaganda, foreign journalism, and political discourse. Using the Media Framing Theory and Postcolonial Theory, this paper questions the ways in which information propagation, selective reporting, and ideological bias constitute divergent perceptions of Biafra, nationhood and identity. This study will claim that by revealing the politics of representation in the media discourse related to war time, Adichie reclaims narrative authority. The textual analysis of this paper shows that literature is a counter-frame to misconstrued media histories, thus re-creating postcolonial Nigerian identity internally.

Background: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the rupture of fetal membranes before labour. When it occurs before 37 weeks, it is termed preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM), which is associated with increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The early identification of at-risk cases is crucial. The platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) from routine blood counts has emerged as a low-cost inflammatory biomarker for obstetric conditions. This study evaluated the association between maternal PLR and PPROM and explored its predictive value. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from June 2022 to May 2023. Sixty pregnant women between 28 and 36+6 weeks of gestation were included: 30 with PPROM (Group A) and 30 healthy controls (Group B). Complete blood counts were performed and the PLR was calculated as the ratio of the platelet to lymphocyte count. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The mean age did not differ significantly between the groups (27.57±5.14 vs. 28.33±5.02 years; p=0.56). The platelet count was significantly higher in the PPROM group (269.63±63.4 vs. 207.43±46.5 ×10³/mm³; p<0.001), whereas the lymphocyte counts were comparable (p>0.05). The mean PLR was significantly higher in PPROM cases than in those with intact membranes (123.15±27.73 vs. 104.48±26.09; p=0.009). Conclusion: Elevated maternal PLR is significantly associated with PPROM and may serve as a simple, cost-effective inflammatory marker for risk identification in pregnancies. Larger multicenter studies are needed to confirm its clinical utility.