Determinants of the Profitability of Insurance Companies in Saudi Arabia
Mohammed Abduljalil Alshadadi, P. V. Deshmukh
Page Numbers : 476-481
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i11.005
The study aims to identify the determinants of profitability in Saudi insurance companies. For this purpose, the data were collected about the study variables (company size, debt ratio, loss ratio, retention ratio, investment income) as independent variables. To measure its impact on the profitability of insurance companies, expressed as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). Using Panel Data for 25 insurance companies in Saudi Arabia during (2010-2016), the random-effects model (REM) was used to examine the relationship between the profitability of insurance companies and the independent variables. The study concluded that the profitability of insurance companies is significantly associated with the size of the insurance company, debt ratio, and the rate of actual loss. The results also showed that the volume of written premiums is the most influential variable on the profitability of insurance companies, followed by the indebtedness rate and then the actual loss.
Original Research Article
Nov. 27, 2021
Community Empowerment Strategy as an Effort to Increase the Role of the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) in Disaster Management in Balangan Regency
Akhmad Sufian, Muhammad Anshar Nur, Yusuf Hidayat
Page Numbers : 469-475
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i11.004
The environment can cause havoc if the exploitation of natural resources that is only economically oriented has a positive effect on the economy, but has a negative effect on the survival of human life. The occurrence of floods is basically a result of deforestation, so the forest no longer functions fully as a rainwater absorber. Many forest lands are landslides and the landslides because river flows to become shallow. The flow of river water is not smooth due to the river being used as a garbage dump, and the construction of several industrial areas in urban areas. The importance of the involvement of the Community Protection Units (Satlinmas) in disaster management can be illustrated in the land fire disaster. This study aims to develop a community empowerment strategy as an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit (SATLINMAS) in tackling disasters in Balangan Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. This research is located in Balangan Regency with the object of research are related agencies, village government and members of the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) spread across Balangan Regency. Data were collected through interview, observation and document techniques. The main resource persons are the head of the agency in charge of fostering the Community Protection Unit (Satlinmas) and members of the Satlimas themselves. This study uses a SWOT analysis technique. Community empowerment strategies in an effort to increase the role of the Community Protection Unit in disaster management in Balangan Regency can be done by building synergy between stakeholders, budget support and legality of regulations made to create harmonization in the empowerment of Satlinmas according to their respective duties and functions.
Original Research Article
Nov. 27, 2021
Strategy to Increase the Capacity of Members of the Pamong Praja Balangan Police Unit in Improving the Quality of Human Resources
Abdul Kadir, Basir, Ahmad Yunasi
Page Numbers : 463-468
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i11.003
Effective education and training will produce qualified personnel so that they are able to implement, change, and grow in the institution/organization in the workplace. problems faced by the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency, namely the Problem of Human Resources at the Civil Service Police Unit and Costs. There are still members who have not followed the technical and education guidance and education. This study aims to develop a strategy to increase the capacity of members of the Balangan Satpol PP through improving the quality of its human resources. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The source of the data obtained for this research is internal data obtained from the Head of Satpol PP, all Heads of Division and representatives of members of the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency. This research is located in Balangan Regency with the object of research is the Civil Service Police Unit of Balangan Regency. The data was collected through observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using the SWOT technique. The results of the analysis show that unit members do not understand their duties and functions. This is evidenced by the absence of a work plan or program of activities prepared by the member team. Technical guidance and basic education are only given to members with ASN status. The existing budget does not accommodate all members; basically the process of technical guidance and basic education is very important. Based on the analysis of internal and external factors, the selection of strategies and the SWOT matrix, it is found that there are opportunities that can work well by utilizing existing strengths. The strategy obtained is that with a large number of members who are still in their productive age, this can be done with the development of technology and information; and good communication between members can be improved by communicating to the Regency Government so that they can get support (can be in the form of a budget) that can be realized.
Original Research Article
Nov. 11, 2021
Economic Study of Aman Rice Variety Binadhan-17 Production in Some Selected Areas of Bangladesh
Md. Mohsin Ali Sarkar, Md. Habibur Rahman, Mohammad Rashidul Haque, Syful Islam, Razia Sultana
Page Numbers : 456-462
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i11.002
This study was conducted to analyze the profitability of Aman rice Binadhan-17 producing farmers in Sunamganj, Rangpur, Gopalganj, Pabna and Magura districts of Bangladesh. This study was based on primary data which were collected from 200 Binadhan-17 producing farmers. In the sampled areas data were collected through pre-designed interview schedule from November-December, 2019 for achieving the purpose. In the study, costs and return analysis were done on both cash cost and full cost basis for estimating profitability. The cultivation of Binadhan-17 was profitable from the viewpoint of the farmers. The study found that Binadhan-17 production is profitable. The average net return per hectare was Tk. 34207.56. The net return was highest in Rangpur (Tk. 38536.88/ha) followed by Magura (Tk. 36091.84/ha), Gopalganj (Tk. 35783.18/ha), Pabna (Tk. 32345.11/ha) and Sunamganj (Tk. 28280.80/ha) respectively. Benefit cost ratio was 1.47 and 2.17 on full cost and cash cost basis implying that the Binadhan-17 cultivation at farm level was profitable. Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen to determine the factor affecting gross return of Binadhan-17 production. All of the factors namely, human labour cost, power tiller cost, seed cost, fertilizer cost and insecticides cost were statistically significant and positive. The regression coefficients of irrigation cost for Binadhan-17 under all areas were positive but not significant. The farmers in the study areas encountered some constraints to Binadhan-17 production. The first ranked constraint was unavailability of seeds in all areas (84%). Other constraints were lack of training (64%), lack of technical know-how (38%), lack of capital (30%), lack of storage facility (17%), natural calamities (14%) and low education level of farmers (10%). The economic return of Binadhan-17 production encouraging to the farmer’s for more cultivation.
Review Article
Nov. 9, 2021
Public Debt Composition in SADC: Recent Trends and Puzzles
Richard Makoto, Takawira Mumvuma, Phineas G. Kadenge
Page Numbers : 446-455
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i11.001
The study analyses the dynamics of public debt composition in SADC. Following years of external debt explosion in the 1980s, countries restructured public debt in the 1990s after adopting the HIPC programme. Using a combination of analytical narratives approach and pattern models, the study found that since the adoption of HIPC in 1996, some SADC countries shifted from external to domestic debt and had relatively low debt ratios as compared to crisis period. However, a puzzle has been observed, even though debt is low; the region has higher debt service under low debt regime as compared to high debt period. Middle income countries are accumulating expensive private debt. Countries that traditionally relied on domestic and private external debt have relatively stable growth rates as compared to those that have shifted from external to domestic debt. The study recommends that countries should ensure a well-diversified debt portfolio composition over time.
Original Research Article
Oct. 5, 2021
Initiation of Sustainable Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Pastoralist Area
Naod Mekennon, Dr. Uvaneswaran S M
Page Numbers : 432-445
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i10.001
Microfinance Institutions (MFI) are expanding their reach in Ethiopia at an accelerating trend. The study has attempted to look at the initiation of sustainable Islamic MFI in Afar region. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted to address the research objectives. In order to get relevant data, descriptive research design and quota sampling methods were used. And survey have been taken through questionnaire from three Zones of Afar region namely Zone 1 (Awsi Resu Zone), Zone 2 (Kilbeti Resu Zone), and Zone 3 (Gebi Resu Zone), with a total sample size of 227 pastoralists, document review and face to face interviews conducted with the officials responsible for initiation of MFI in Afar region. The results showed that the nonexistence of statutory provisions regarding to the operations of Islamic microfinance institution resulted to delay its introduction in Afar region. In addition, the assumed high transaction costs that will be incurred in providing financial services to pastoralists pointed as challenging factors. To overcome these, laws and regulations should be designed to foster the establishment of Islamic MFI and also use Islamic microfinance models such as mudharaba, musharaka, murabahah, ijarah, qard al-hasan and others models that comply with Shariah principles.
Original Research Article
Sept. 30, 2021
Monetary Uncertainty and Estimating the Demand for Money Function in Nigeria: An Empirical Investigation with Quarterly Data, January 2000Q1 to December 2019Q4
Mela Yila Dogo
Page Numbers : 421-431
DOI : 10.36348/sjef.2021.v05i09.008
The increasing globalization in banking and financial services along with use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange and means of payments, is creating monetary policy uncertainty and concerns in the monetary policy process of central banks, especially difficulty in knowing exactly how much money people are willing to hold at any given point in time, how best to correctly measure the assets that constitutes money and determines the demand for money in the economy. Classical economic theory tells us that, there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the general level of domestic prices. This has made many central banks to adopt monetary aggregates as intermediate targets, in their quest to maintain price stability and achieve sustainable economic growth and development. This study seek to estimate the demand for money function in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019 with a view to ascertaining whether monetary policy uncertainty is an important determent of money demand in Nigeria or not. We employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to model the relationship between money demand and its determinants using times series data from 1980 to 2019. The results indicated that monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) appear to have little or no influence on the demand for money in Nigeria, compared to real income, the nominal exchange rate and domestic inflation. The results confirm that Monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) was not an important determinant of the demand for money in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019. It agrees with the findings of El-Rasheed et al., (2017) but disagrees with those of Iyke and Sin-YU Ho (2017) who in a similar study on Ghana, found monetary policy uncertainty to be insignificant in determining the demand for money in Ghana. We therefore bring into focus the need for policy makers in Nigeria and other developing economies to consider monetary policy uncertainty in their monetary policy formulation process because of its positive relationship with how much money Nigerians demand or hold at any given point in time. In addition, this study also found a link between money demand and changes in rate of inflation, nominal and real effective exchange rates and rate of growth in real GDP or real income. The sign and size of the estimated parameter coefficients had the correct a priori expectations, with inflation, monetary policy uncertainty and real GDP growth rates having a positive relationship with money demand, while the exchange rate responding negatively. There is need for more studies using other methods to further confirm this result, especially with respect to its application to other developing economies that may not be an oil exporting, import dependent economy like Nigeria.
