Background: Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) remains one of the most significant adverse effects of orthodontic treatment, potentially compromising long-term tooth stability. Photo biomodulation (PBM), delivered through low-level laser or light-emitting diode (LED) therapy, has emerged as a biological adjunct proposed to mitigate this phenomenon by modulating cellular metabolism and promoting tissue repair. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PBM in reducing orthodontic root resorption in human subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled clinical trials published between January 2017 and October 2023. Studies were included if they compared PBM-assisted orthodontic treatment with conventional or placebo protocols and quantitatively assessed root resorption crater volume using three-dimensional imaging. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the overall quality of evidence was evaluated through the GRADE system. Results: Five randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 184 participants. Two studies demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in root resorption following PBM application, while three reported no significant difference compared with controls. No adverse effects were observed. The quality of evidence was graded as moderate due to interstudy variability in irradiation parameters, wavelengths, and energy doses. Conclusions: PBM shows promising potential as a safe, non-invasive adjunct to limit orthodontically induced root resorption. However, the heterogeneity of existing protocols precludes definitive clinical recommendations. Standardized, high-quality randomized trials are needed to determine optimal dosimetry and confirm PBM’s preventive and reparative role in OIIRR management.

This study looks at the living philosophy of the Khmer minority in Southern Vietnam, with an emphasis on how traditional ethical frameworks interact with contemporary social transformations. The study uses Theravāda Buddhist principles, communal activities, and philosophical analysis to examine how essential qualities like compassion (karuṇā), mindfulness (sati), and wisdom (paññā) continue to influence moral behavior and social cohesiveness. The study also looks at how modernization, such as education, economic development, and digital media, influences the adaption and reinterpretation of these ideals. Using a hermeneutic and dialectical method, the analysis shows that the Khmer community engages in a dynamic process of value harmonization, combining ancestral wisdom with modern knowledge and practices while maintaining ethical continuity. This research contributes to moral philosophy and intercultural ethics by illustrating a model of ethical resilience and contextualized universality, highlighting how local cultural traditions can adapt creatively to global changes while maintaining philosophical coherence. The findings have practical implications for cultural preservation, education, and community development, emphasizing the role of ritual, intergenerational dialogue, and ethical praxis in sustaining moral identity amidst social change.

The conversion of atmospheric CO₂ into valuable fuels while simultaneously storing renewable energy represents a grand challenge in sustainable energy research. Here, we report the design and fabrication of ultrafast photo-electrocatalytic nanoparticle networks engineered for dual CO₂ reduction and high-energy storage within hybrid quantum materials. The system integrates plasmonic nanoparticles with quantum dots and 2D conductive frameworks, establishing a synergistic interface for rapid charge separation and transfer. Under simulated solar illumination, the networks achieve femtosecond-scale electron mobility, driving selective CO₂ reduction to methanol while concurrently storing charge in quantum-confined domains. This hybrid design bridges photonic excitation and electrochemical storage mechanisms through quantum coupling effects, yielding unprecedented energy densities (up to 420 Wh kg⁻¹) and Faradaic efficiencies above 93%. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm robust electron delocalization across multi-phase junctions, stabilizing catalytic intermediates and preventing recombination losses. These findings reveal a new materials platform capable of simultaneous carbon valorization and renewable energy storage, representing a transformative step toward closed-loop, carbon-neutral energy systems.

Background: Sacubitril/Valsartan, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), represents a paradigm shift in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Its robust efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalization is well-established. However, as its use becomes ubiquitous, the recognition of rare and serious adverse events is paramount for optimizing patient safety. Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male with a complex medical history including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD stage 3a), and NYHA Class III HFrEF was initiated on Sacubitril/Valsartan 24/26 mg twice daily. Two weeks post-initiation, he presented with severe bilateral proximal myalgia, profound weakness, and classic tea-colored urine. Physical examination revealed significant muscle tenderness. Laboratory investigations were diagnostic for severe rhabdomyolysis, with a peak creatine kinase (CK) level of 18,540 U/L and concomitant acute kidney injury (AKI), evidenced by a rise in serum creatinine from a baseline of 1.4 mg/dL to 2.1 mg/dL. A meticulous workup excluded other common etiologies of rhabdomyolysis, including recent trauma, strenuous exertion, hypothyroidism, and illicit substance use. The patient had been on a stable, long-term dose of atorvastatin without prior incident. The Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale score was 7, indicating a "probable" adverse drug reaction. Management involved immediate and permanent discontinuation of Sacubitril/Valsartan, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, and close monitoring. A positive dechallenge was observed, with rapid symptomatic improvement and normalization of CK and renal function over the following week. Conclusion: This case provides compelling evidence for Sacubitril/Valsartan as a rare but potent precipitant of rhabdomyolysis, particularly in patients with predisposing factors such as CKD and concomitant statin use. It underscores the critical importance of clinician vigilance, pre-emptive patient education, and the prompt institution of management upon symptom recognition to prevent life-threatening complications like acute renal failure.

One of the main tenets of Ho Chi Minh's extensive political and philosophical system is his view of the protection of the people. In addition to reflecting Vietnam's unique cultural and humanistic traditions, it is a creative continuation and expansion of Marxist-Leninist doctrine on revolutionary combat, national independence, and the role of the people in history. From a philosophical standpoint, Ho Chi Minh’s conception of people’s national defense reveals a dialectical unity between politics and ethics, theory and practice, national independence and peace, revolution and humanity. The essence of people’s national defense lies in the view that the people are both the foundation and the decisive force of defense; that defense is not merely a military affair but a political, economic, cultural, and social undertaking involving the entire population. On this basis, Ho Chi Minh established the principle of “all-people defense,” a defense built by the people, for the people, and rooted in the people’s will, solidarity, and moral consciousness. In the present day, Ho Chi Minh's ideas on people's national defense continue to serve as a theoretical and philosophical foundation for Vietnam's national defense strategy. It upholds the human-centered approach to socialist defense, combining material and spiritual power, independence and cooperation, patriotism and international solidarity. Ho Chi Minh elevated the concept of national defense to a moral and humanistic philosophy that transcends time and continues to have profound theoretical and practical value for Vietnam's cause of protecting and developing the nation in the new era.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence applications – especially the general public availability of tools produced by Open AI, Google, Anthropic and Meta – have sparked widespread interest and controversy in both academic and popular discourse. Opinion is divided between optimists and pessimists – boomers and doomers – on the potential benefits and harms of the new technology, but there is general agreement that AI tools will have a substantial impact on work, education, science, medicine, entertainment, and general society and culture. In relation to the climate crisis and the need for responses in terms of sustainability changes, AI clearly has the potential to revolutionize efforts in this field, enhancing efficiency and optimizing resource use. However, on the debit side, the huge energy demand of AI development may exacerbate the current state of affairs and result in a disastrous downward spiral of energy overload and environmental degradation. Given these potential dangers, there is a need to locate AI developments within a framework of measures informed by de-growth philosophy which posits that sustainable futures require a re-evaluation of growth metrics, advocating for systems that support ecological balance and social equity. Education at all levels can play a crucial role in integrating AI with a robust and viable sustainability agenda through the fostering of critical thinking and awareness of the sustainability challenges. This article will explore the threats and promises of the new AI developments against the background of sustainability requirements and informed by de-growth strategies before examining ways in which teaching, learning and curriculum may support efforts in this domain.

Background: Lidocaine and ketamine are anaesthetic agents usually used in clinical practice to manage pain and as preoperative agents. In addition to this, anaesthetic medications can affect other haematological parameters, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and osmotic fragility. Changes in these parameters may be a sign of the risk of anaemia, inflammation, or oxidative injury after anaesthetic exposure. The literature on these effects is however inconsistent and there is limited comparative data on lidocaine and ketamine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare and contrast the influence of these two anaesthetic agents on ESR and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in male Wistar rats. Methodology: A total of 35 male wistar rats were used for this study after undergoing acclimatization for one week. The animals’ blood samples were collected and analysed using appropriate techniques. One way ANOVA was adopted as the statistical analysis method for this study and data were reported as mean ± SEM, where the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results and Discussion: There were no statistically significant differences in both the treatment and control groups when it came to ESR and osmotic fragility and the same meaning that lidocaine and ketamine did not impact the erythrocyte membrane stability or the inflammatory condition. Conclusion: The results concluded that the lidocaine and ketamine are safe in Hb parameters, and can be further used in the anaesthetic practice without causing any erythrocyte injury or inflammation.