Background: The role of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing chronic osteomyelitis (COM) in Ghana has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of histopathology as a tool in diagnosing and describing the clinicopathological features of COM in sequestrectomy and other small biopsy specimens. Material and methods: The following data on 75 patients with COM were collected: age, gender, primary and associated symptoms, history of prior trauma and the use of herbal treatment. The data was analysed using SPSS software version 26.0 (Chicago). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare clinical variables of significance. Results: The median age of the patients was 12.0 years, with a male: female ratio of 2:1. The commonest primary presentation was a painful swelling 55 (73.3%, p<0.001). The sites commonly involved were: tibia (34.7%), femur (22.7%) and hip joint (10.7%). Approximately, 84.8% (p<0.001) of those with additional complains had a discharging sinus. A total of 27 (36.0%) patients had history of prior trauma, while, 41 (54.6%) had history of prior use of herbal treatment. There was a significant association between discharging sinus tract and the use of herbal medicine (P= 0.009). There was also an association between trauma and herbal medicine usage (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Chronic osteomyelitis commonly affect young males, with the long bones of the axial skeleton being the common site of infection. Prior trauma and the use of herbal medicine for fracture managements were the common risk factors.

Against the background of the “Three Integrations” Initiative and in light of the heightened ideological and political emphasis currently placed on Translation for International Communication and the interdisciplinary nature of this course, this study introduces the principles of Outcome-Based Education and constructs a “One Core, Three Stages, Five Dimensions” teaching model, centered on cultivating students’ competence to undertake translation tasks that are oriented at international communication. Empirical results demonstrate that this model effectively strengthens students’ ability to apply translation skills in international communication and promotes the integration of translation skills instruction with patriotic education; it thus offers a valuable reference and practical model for pedagogical reform in relevant external publicity translation courses.

People can contract influenza, an infectious respiratory illness. Fever, sore throat, runny nose, cough, headache, aches in the muscles, and fatigue are among the symptoms. In severe cases, pneumonia frequently results in death. There are worldwide influenza pandemic outbreaks, despite the fact that these illnesses are marked by sporadic seasonal epidemics and irregular and unpredictable occurrences. a zoonotic viral strain. Severe influenza seasons are linked to the H3N2 subtype. Three of the previous five extremely severe influenza seasons were dominated by H3N2 viruses. influenza viruses are evolving so quickly, even with known techniques, The best ways to avoid and cure influenza is viewed as a tremendous task. Only thorough research on the currently dominating H3N2 influenza viruses will lead to improvements in vaccination efficacy and pandemic risk assessment. The different characteristics of the H3N2 viruses and their ability to cause seasonal outbreaks and pandemics are covered in great length in this article.

Nickel sulphate (NiSO4) is a common industrial substance employed in various applications such as electroplating, battery production, and metal coating. However, its continuous occupational and environmental exposure has elicited toxicological issues. This review is a critical assessment of the histopathological, biochemical and molecular alterations of the liver in mice exposed to nickel sulphate, correlating the findings from both animal and mechanistic tests. Studies evidently show that NiSO4 leads to dose-related liver cell damage, necrosis, steatosis, inflammatory infiltration, and degeneration in animals, closely linked to the increase of serum transaminases and oxidative-stress biomarkers. From a mechanistic perspective, nickel exposure affects redox homeostasis, mitochondrial integrity, and lipid metabolism leading to ferroptosis, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling. Additionally, comparative data analysis between hepatic injuries induced by soluble and particulate nickel salts shows that the former is more fatal, highlighting the relevance of compound bioavailability and exposure pathway. The hepatoprotective effects of antioxidants and flavonoid supplements (e.g. selenium, silymamarin, hesperidin, etc.) against hepatic injury are seen in preclinical models. Cross-species researchers also show that there are conserved oxidative and inflammatory systems of damage, suggesting it may be applicable in human risk assessment. According to the review, early biomarkers, multi-omics, and mechanistically directed interventions are needed to enhance toxicological assessment. Overall, long-term exposure to nickel sulphate is a realistic risk for hepatic damage; therefore, increased occupational preventive and mechanistic research should be used to improve preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) plays a crucial role in minimizing operational downtime and lifecycle costs in petrochemical industries. However, conventional RCM approaches often lack dynamic failure diagnosis and prioritization capabilities under uncertain operating conditions. This study proposes an enhanced framework integrating Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with data-driven linguistic rule extraction to improve maintenance decision-making for centrifugal pumps. The proposed methodology utilizes OREDA-based failure classification to identify critical failure modes and introduces a weighted severity–occurrence model to overcome limitations of traditional Risk Priority Number (RPN) ranking. The framework establishes relationships between failure causes and key operational parameters such as flow rate, discharge pressure, vibration, temperature, and efficiency using linguistic variables. A rule-based diagnostic system is developed to enable real-time fault identification and maintenance scheduling. The framework is validated through a case study of centrifugal pumps in a petrochemical aromatic plant. Results demonstrate improved fault detection accuracy, reduced maintenance time, and enhanced system reliability. The proposed approach provides a scalable and intelligent decision-support tool for predictive maintenance and industrial asset management.

The ongoing use of chatbots in healthcare, education, customer service, and mental health has made more apparent the weaknesses of entirely task-focused conversational systems that are non-emotional. Emotion detection has become an essential process of improving human-computer interaction that allows the chatbots to detect the affective states of users and react in a more human-centric and situational behalf. This paper gives a synthesis of the research on emotion-aware chatbot systems and how emotion detection methods, data modalities, and architecture can be used to enhance the quality of interaction. Fifty chosen studies were systematically analyzed to study the trends of publications, prevalent emotion detecting techniques, effectiveness of modality, and system design method. The results show that there is an increasing concentration of quality research in traditional human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence outlets, and there is a growing global concern in the last few years. The use of text-based emotion detection is the most popular in that it is more scalable, whereas the speech, visual, and multimodal detection use more emotion expressiveness and resilience in real life. Multimodal architectures can capture more complex emotional cues better than other electric stimuli, but face difficulties in terms of complexity, privacy and evaluation of the system. The review also shows that most of the current chatbot frameworks are more focused on the technical measures of performance rather than long-term, human-focused evaluation outcomes. In general, the present study provides an insight into the achievements and limitations of the existing research on emotion-sensitive chatbots and emphasizes the necessity to create ethically oriented, culturally sensitive and systematically tested conversational agents in order to promote the development of emotionally intelligent human-computer interaction.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) most often metastasizes to the liver, lung, lymph nodes, and peritoneum; involvement of the gallbladder or extrahepatic biliary region is distinctly uncommon and can create diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. We report a 67-year-old woman with a history of treated left breast cancer who presented in April 2025 with hematochezia and anemia. Colonoscopy demonstrated a large obstructing ascending colon mass; biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma. Staging PET-CT (June 2025) showed an FDG-avid right colonic mass with FDG-avid peri colonic and porta hepatis/portacaval nodal disease and no definite visceral organ uptake. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was markedly elevated (2690). She underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with partial omentectomy (July 2025). Histopathology revealed an 8.5-cm moderately-to-poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma invading the visceral peritoneum (pT4a) with extensive nodal involvement (12/13 nodes; pN2b) and omental metastasis, consistent with stage IV disease. Multidisciplinary tumor board recommended systemic therapy; however, the patient initially declined chemotherapy. By late December 2025, rising symptoms and imaging demonstrated progressive retroperitoneal/mesenteric nodal and peritoneal disease and a new lytic C7 lesion. Before planned palliative chemotherapy, she developed obstructive jaundice with right upper quadrant pain (January 2026). CT and MRCP showed progressive intra-and-extrahepatic biliary dilatation and new marked diffuse duodenal wall thickening with mass effect at the ampulla, causing secondary biliary and pancreatic duct obstruction. She was managed with percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and subsequent endoscopic duodenal stenting to re-establish enteral intake. This case highlights the need to consider metastatic CRC in atypical biliary/duodenal obstruction patterns, to distinguish secondary involvement from a new primary periampullary process, and to use multidisciplinary palliation to enable systemic therapy when appropriate.