Background: Many of the vivid colours found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and even tea are caused by interesting natural substances called flavonoids. Because they appear to provide mild, protective effects that assist our systems in daily ways, these plant-made compounds have become a hot issue in research and health. Flavonoids shield plants from oxidative stress, illnesses, UV rays, and herbivores. E. neriifolia, or Euphorbia neriifolia. There are several ethnomedical applications for E. neriifolia. In addition to treating whooping cough, gonorrhea, leprosy, asthma, dyspepsia, jaundice, enlarged spleen, tumors, bladder stones, gastrointestinal issues, and leucoderma, the latex of E. neriifolia is used as a laxative, purgative, rubefacient, carminative, and expectorant. Brittle, hot, carminative, and useful for treating bronchial infections, tumors, aches, inflammations, and stomach swellings, leaves also improve appetite. The goal of the current study was to identify and isolate the unique flavonoid found in Euphorbia neriifolia leaves. Methodology: Extracts showing presence of flavonoids will be subjected to column chromatography for further separation of individual compounds. Further characterization of isolated compound was carried out by chromatographic and spectral analysis. Result: Based on current finding the compound C1 was identified as quercetin, a flavanol compound containing phenolic hydroxyl group and conjugated aromatic rings. Conclusion: The present study successfully isolated and characterized flavonoid compounds from Euphorbia neriifolia using chromatographic and spectral techniques.

Background: Burnout has emerged as a critical occupational health crisis among healthcare professionals worldwide, with potentially severe consequences for patient safety, quality of care, and healthcare system sustainability. In Saudi Arabia, rapid healthcare expansion under Vision 2030 has created unprecedented workforce demands, yet the true burden of burnout across the healthcare workforce remains incompletely characterized. Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of burnout among healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Saudi Digital Library for studies published between 2023 and 2026. Studies were included if they employed quantitative or mixed-methods designs, assessed burnout using validated instruments, and focused on licensed healthcare professionals practicing in Saudi Arabia. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Due to substantial heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis approach was adopted. Results: Twenty-four cross-sectional studies comprising diverse healthcare professional groups were included. Alarmingly high burnout prevalence rates were documented, ranging from 56% among postgraduate trainees to 86% among emergency physicians, with community pharmacists reporting 83.6% personal burnout and respiratory therapists demonstrating 98% depersonalization rates. Consistently identified risk factors included prolonged working hours (>36-40 hours/week), night shifts, younger age, female gender, workplace harassment (aOR 1.57), discrimination (aOR 1.60), sales pressure among pharmacists (β=0.312), anxiety (OR 5.784), and low self-efficacy (OR 6.625). Protective factors included resilience (β=0.73), emotional intelligence (r=-0.41 to -0.33), job satisfaction, and supportive work environments. Most studies were rated as moderate (n=12) or low (n=8) risk of bias, with four studies rated as high risk. Conclusion: Burnout represents a significant and potentially escalating public health crisis among Saudi Arabian healthcare providers, with prevalence rates substantially exceeding global averages. Urgent multilevel interventions addressing both individual resilience and organizational reform are essential to protect healthcare worker well-being, ensure patient safety, and achieve the healthcare transformation goals of Saudi Vision 2030.

Artificial intelligence is reshaping chemical research by linking high-dimensional analytical signals with molecular, biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical information. This review synthesizes literature from 2018–2026 on chemometrics, machine learning, deep learning, graph neural networks, transformers, foundation models, multimodal learning, and generative systems. It examines data obtained from spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors, hyperspectral imaging, process monitoring, molecular descriptors, fingerprints, SMILES, graphs, three-dimensional structures, proteins, and omics. Environmental applications include contaminant detection and quantification, suspect and non-target screening, source attribution, fate and transport prediction, ecotoxicity assessment, wastewater-treatment evaluation, and ecological-risk prioritization. Pharmaceutical applications encompass raw-material authentication, quality control, impurity profiling, formulation and drug-delivery optimization, continuous manufacturing, real-time release testing, virtual screening, molecular design, and ADMET prediction. Across both domains, AI improves nonlinear pattern recognition, structure–signal translation, candidate ranking, and multi-objective optimization; however, sophisticated models do not consistently outperform well-designed chemometric approaches, particularly with small or biased datasets. Major barriers include class imbalance, limited chemical diversity, data leakage, instrument variability, missing metadata, weak external validation, poor uncertainty calibration, limited interpretability, and regulatory concerns. Future progress requires FAIR multimodal datasets, independent validation, applicability-domain analysis, explainable and uncertainty-aware models, digital twins, federated learning, autonomous laboratories, human oversight, and sustainable computing for trustworthy scientific deployment.

This paper examines traceability and compliance monitoring systems in global apparel supply chains through a structured stage-wise evaluation framework. The analysis focuses on supplier documentation, product traceability records, compliance checkpoints, and exception visibility across sourcing, production, inspection, warehousing, and distribution. Five analytical variables are used in the study: document completeness, traceability continuity, checkpoint coverage, exception visibility, and compliance response status. Two evaluation measures summarize system performance: the Traceability Coverage Ratio (TCR) and the Compliance Monitoring Effectiveness Index (CMEI). The results show that upstream stages, especially supplier qualification and sourcing, maintain stronger documentation and more continuous traceability links. In contrast, warehouse and distribution stages show weaker linkage, lower monitoring coverage, and reduced visibility of exceptions. The findings indicate that the main problem is not the absence of records, but the weak connection among records across supply chain stages. Fragmented data structures reduce visibility, weaken accountability, and limit compliance review. The paper presents a structured method for assessing traceability systems and identifies key gaps in cross stage integration within apparel supply chains.

The hallmark of every nation, developed or developing, is sustainable development. Sustainable development is an emerging field of study concerned with development, which considers not only the present generation but also the future generation. It envisages economic development that does not compromise the capability or integrity of the environment in the sustainance of life, plants and animals as well as the ecosystem. Nigeria, like many other developing countries, is faced with environmental problems such as deforestation, erosion, flooding and desertification. These problems emanate from human activities created in the quest to achieve a higher level of development. The objective of this study is to examine how the environment can be protected to further the goals of sustainable development and examine the impacts of human activities on the environment and the implications on sustainable development. The study is doctrinal and the data are obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources are statutes, Federal and State, International Conventions, Protocols and Agreements as well as judicial pronouncement. The secondary sources include textbooks, journals, newspapers and materials sourced from the internet. The study revealed that the environment in Nigeria is confronted with many challenges that should be addressed by law without which the goals of sustainable development are a mirage. The study concluded that Nigeria has, in fact, established and implemented a wide range of clearly defined, comprehensive and environmentally-friendly policies that are sustainable and enforceable. However, enforcement drive is very weak in Nigeria. It is recommended that any limitation placed on The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Establishment) Act be removed and more authority be given to the body on all environmental law enforcement.

Background: Short dental implants (≤6 mm) are increasingly used for posterior rehabilitation in patients with limited alveolar bone height. This review examines their survival rates, marginal bone loss (MBL), peri-implantitis, and technical/prosthetic complications compared with standard-length implants. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Search terms included 'short dental implants', 'posterior edentulism', 'survival rates', 'marginal bone loss', 'peri-implantitis', and 'bone augmentation'. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and prospective and retrospective clinical studies published between 2018 and 2024 were included. Studies were selected based on implant intrabony length of ≤6 mm, a minimum follow-up of 12 months, and reporting of at least one primary outcome. Results: Evidence from a meta-analysis of 16 RCTs (408 short implants; 475 standard-length implants) demonstrates statistically higher survival rates for longer implants (99.4% vs. 95.1%; 95% CI: 2–5%, p < 0.001), though no significant difference was found in early or late implant failure rates. MBL was marginally but non-significantly lower for short implants (0.23 mm vs. 0.27 mm). Peri-implantitis prevalence (0–6% vs. 0–13%) and technical/prosthetic complication rates were comparable between groups. Crown-to-implant ratios of 1.55–1.86 in short implants did not translate to elevated complication rates when prostheses were splinted. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 RCTs confirmed equivalent survival at all follow-up intervals without the need for bone augmentation. Conclusions: Short dental implants represent a valid, minimally invasive alternative to bone augmentation in appropriately selected patients. Optimal outcomes depend on modern nano-structured implant surfaces, adequate prosthetic splinting, bone quality assessment, and rigorous peri-implant maintenance. Further long-term RCTs with standardized peri-implantitis criteria are needed.

Background: Prolonged labour remains a significant contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Delayed recognition and referral often lead to adverse outcomes. This study was undertaken to analyze the etiological factors of prolonged labour and evaluate its maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from June to December 2009. A total of 110 purposively selected pregnant women with prolonged labour (labour pain >18 hours) were enrolled. Data were collected through interviews, clinical examination, and record review. Results: The majority of patients were primigravida (62.7%) and aged 21–30 years (57.27%). Most had no ANC (60%) and belonged to low socioeconomic backgrounds (69.09%). Uterine hypotonicity was the leading cause (45%), followed by malposition (22.72%). Caesarean section was required in 60.50% of cases. Maternal complications occurred in 65%, with PPH (20%) and puerperal sepsis (14.54%) being most common. Perinatal complications included asphyxia (13.63%), umbilical sepsis (10%), and stillbirth (6.36%). Barriers to early hospital admission included reliance on midwives (31%), TBAs (18.18%), and poor economic conditions (20%). Conclusion: Prolonged labour is associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity. Strengthening ANC, improving referral systems, training birth attendants, and ensuring timely access to emergency obstetric care are essential to improve outcomes.