Phytochemicals Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of the Stem Bark Extracts of Azanzagarckeana (kola of Tula)
Mohammed AH, Mshelia E.H, Watirahyel EM, Yohanna Christopher
Page Numbers : 122-127
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.010
Azanzagarckeana known as Kola of Tula is one of the vulnerable medicinal plant of Tula people in Gombe state, North Eastern Nigeria and are usually collected from the wild. In the present study the photochemical analysis and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the steam bark of the plant were investigated. Methanol ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether and water were used as the extrants. Serial extraction using Soxhlet apparatus was used. The result of the study shows that the water extract indicate the presence of carbohydrate and flavonoid in appreciable amount, while the methanol extract showed the presence of flavonoid, cardiacglycoside and alkaloid in an appreciable amount. Tannins, phlobatannin, flavonoid, quinoline alkaloid were detected in the acetone extracts while saponnin and haemolytic activity were seen in appreciable quantities in the ethyl acetate extracts. The petroleum ether extract showed only steroid in an appreciable quantity. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using Disc diffusion method. Nine microorganisms; S. aureus, salmonella typi, E. coli, K. pneumonia, Klebsiella ssp, P. aeroginosa, Shigella dysentriae, Bacllus subtilis and Nissera gonorriea was used for the antimicrobial test. Ampiclox was used as standard reference drug. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts showed that the ethyl acetate extract had the best antimicrobial activities by inhibiting the growth of eight of the test organisms. The methanol and acetone extract inhibited the growth of four microorganisms whereas the water extract inhibited the growth of three organisms. The petroleum ether was the least active extract because it inhibited the growth of only one organism. E. coli, S. aureus and salmonella typhi were the most sensitive organisms because they were susceptible to three organisms each.
Original Research Article
June 17, 2021
Acute Toxicity of CP Women Capsules in Spraque-Dawleys Rats
Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Page Numbers : 103-106
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.005
This study was design to examine the acute toxicity of the 80% -ethanolic extract of CP women capsules in healthy male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Heath Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, and Accra for the analysis. The investigators at the University declared in their research report that the study was conducted at the Animal Experimentation Unit of the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS), College of Health Sciences, university of Ghana. On clinical Observation, the study conducted reports that the animals treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules (5000 mg/kg) did not show any observable abnormality in movement, salivation, sleep, lethargy, there was no signs of piloerection and mortality in comparison to the control group within the first 48 hours, and daily during the 14 days of the study. With regards to Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50), the study found that per monitoring the animals for 24, 48 hours and throughout the remaining 12 days, the group of rats treated by the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules did not record any deaths. Hence, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract of CP women capsules, when administered orally, is greater than 5000mg/kg. In conclusion, further studies involving long term administration of aqueous extract of CP women capsules in different experimental rodents, including mice, will be needed to assess its safety for trial and use in humans. More renal function markers such as creatinine should be analyzed.
Original Research Article
June 17, 2021
Microbial, Phytochemical Screening and Toxicity Analysis of GM PLUS Herbal Drug
Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Page Numbers : 112-114
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.008
This study was design to examine the microbial load, phytochemical screenings and acute toxicity of GM Plus herbal drug mixture. Six samples of the mixture were sent to the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana for analysis. For the toxicity test, Sprague-Dawley rats were put into six rats in each group. Animals in all groups were immunized with 5.0*108 SRBC/ml after which each group was treated with either GM Plus (30,100 or 300 mg/kg p.o., daily) based on preliminary investigations, levamisole (10mg/kg, p.o, daily), dexamethasone sodium (4mg/kg, i.m, daily) or Normal saline. The result of the toxicity proved that, Levamisole and 30,100, and 300 mg/kg GM Plus treatment resulted in significant increases (p<0.001) in the HA titre and WBC count relative to the dexamethasone and no treatment groups. A differential count performed indicated an increase in neutrophil proportion of the total count in the GM Plus treated groups. With regards to the microbial analysis, the total microbial load of Gm Plus was within the acceptable limits (BP 2015; category C of herbal products) there were no pathogenic microorganisms present. The herbal mixture has complied with the BP specifications for microbiological quality. The product GM Plus is therefore safe for usage.
Original Research Article
June 17, 2021
New Low Birth Weight: Risk Factors and Prognosis in African Environments (Segou Hospital in Mali)
T. Traoré, C. Sylla, K. Sidibé, B. Taoré, A. Maiga, A. Sanogo, S.Z. Dao, S. A. Beye, F. Kané, S. Boiré, B. Traoré, D. Fomba, S. Dougnon, T. A. Thera, Y. Traoré, I. Téguété, N. Mounkoro, S. Diakité, S. Aïssata, K. Chaka, A. Diakité, M. Touré
Page Numbers : 115-121
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.009
Objective: The aim was to assess the risk factors and prognosis of low birth weight at nianankoro Fomba Hospital in Ségou, Mali. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective control case study from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Results: We recorded 160 infants of low birth weight out of a total of 2353 births or 6.8%. Adolescent girls were the most affected with 35% of cases compared to 16.9% for witnesses. Brides were the most affected in 80.6% of cases compared to 92.2% among witnesses. The main reasons for consultation were uterine contractions in 43.8%; metrorragia on pregnancy in 12.5% of cases and premature rupture of membranes in 10% of cases. Low birth weights were observed in discharged parturients in 35% of cases were compared to 8.1% of controls 36.25% of pregnant women who performed only one antenatal consultation (CP NV) had given birth to a low birth weight compared to 12.3% in controls and 60.63% of cases had not performed any NPCs compared to 4.3% in controls. Instrumental extraction was performed in 43% of cases compared to 15.6% in controls, and caesarean section in 26% of cases versus 5.9% in controls. It appears that both sexes were affected by low birth weight with a predominance of the male sex (56.9%) compared to women (43.1%). The main causes of neonatal death were among others: Respiratory distress with 62.22% and neonatal infections in 26.66%. Conclusion: Infants of low birth weight are a public health problem because of their high prevalence and the resulting adverse consequences.
Original Research Article
June 17, 2021
Laboratory Analysis of Herbal Drug as Immune Booster
Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Page Numbers : 110-111
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.007
This study was design to examine the microbial and phytochemical property of MD Herbal Capsule as an immune booster. Six samples of the product were submitted to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product as an immune booster is safe.
Original Research Article
June 17, 2021
Acute Dermal Toxicity, Cumulative Irritancy, Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test, Delayed Toxicity Assessments and Microbial Quality Analysis of an Herbal Drug as Analgesic
Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Page Numbers : 107-109
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.006
This study was design to examine the Acute Dermal Toxicity, cumulative irritancy, Sub-Chronic Toxicity Test, delayed Toxicity Assessments and Microbial Quality Analysis of an Herbal drug for analgesic property as well as the phyto screening potential of the product. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology and others for the analysis at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana, as part of the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) herbal drug registration protocol. The result proved that, the herbal product formulated for pain relief is safe to use in experimental animals and therefore could be safe to use as a topical application.
Original Research Article
June 11, 2021
Acute Toxicity and Phytochemical analysis of CP Men Capsules in Spraque-Dawleys Rats
Raphael Nyarkotey Obu, Lawrencia Aggrey –Bluwey
Page Numbers : 98-102
DOI : 10.36348/sijtcm.2021.v04i06.004
This study was design to examine the acute toxicity of the 80% -ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules in healthy male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and phytochemical screening of the product. Six samples of the product were submitted to the Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Heath Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra for the analysis and others. The investigators at the University declared in their research report that the study was conducted at the Animal Experimentation Unit of the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences (SBAHS). College of Health Sciences, university of Ghana. On clinical Observation, the study conducted reports that the animals treated by the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules (5000 mg/kg) did not show any observable abnormality in movement, salivation, sleep, lethargy, there was no signs of piloerection and mortality in comparison to the control group within the first 48 hours, and daily during the 14 days of the study. With regards to Lethal Dose Fifty (LD50), the study found that per monitoring the animals for 24, 48 hours and throughout the remaining 12 days, the group of rats treated by the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules did not record any deaths. Hence, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract of CP Men capsules, when administered orally, is greater than 5000mg/kg. In conclusion, further studies involving long term administration of aqueous extract of CP Men capsules in different experimental rodents, including mice, will be needed to assess its safety for trial and use in humans. More renal function markers such as creatinine should be analyzed. The phytochemical screening also demonstrates that the herbal drug is of plant origin.
