Plants remain one of the most valuable sources of therapeutic agents for managing diseases and maintaining health. Ageratum conyzoides (AC) belongs to the family Asteraceae and has been known since antiquity for its medicinal properties and effectiveness in the treatment of various ailments ranging from skin disease, fever, to relief colic, flatulence, dysentery, and diarrhea. Despite its extensive ethnomedicinal use, limited scientific evidence exists to substantiate its pharmacological properties. This study was therefore designed to determine its nutrition and phytochemical component as herbal remedy for hypertension. Proximate analysis (%) shows that the plant has a low moisture content (6.57 ± 0.053), a low crude protein content (8.15 ± 0.041), low concentration of fat (3.10 ± 0.000), a moderate amount of fibre (16.58 ± 0.088), low Ash content (4. 29 ± 0.010) and high amount of carbohydrate (61.21 ± 0.010). This confirms AC as a good source of energy and fibre that aids digestion and improve the intestinal tract. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, Phenols, Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Saponins) were found to be 2.79%, 49.03mg/g, 0.94%, 38.22mg/g and 3.80% respectively. This confirms the plant’s richness in phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds. The concentration of essential amino acids (mg/g protein) (Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Threonine, and Methionine) were found to be 66.00, 38.05, 48.00, 36.00, 38.00 and 16.05 showing the nutritional quality of AC. Mineral compositions (mg/100g) (magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, cobalt, selenium and zinc) were found to be 27.45, 65.00, 8.16, 720.07, 100.42, 25.00, 5.15, 0.05, 0.72 and 2.24 confirming the nutritional and medicinal richness of Ageratum conyzoides as a herbal remedy. This study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of Ageratum conyzoides in local delicacy (black soup) has the potential to improve the nutritional status vis a vis the overall health benefit with regards to hypertension and other traditional use.

This study examines the impact of government expenditure on economic development in Ondo State, Nigeria, using internally generated revenue (IGR) as a proxy. It focuses on three sectors: education, health, and agriculture, to assess their relative contributions to state revenue performance. The study employs an ex post facto design using secondary data from 2020 to 2024. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques were applied to evaluate the relationship between sectoral expenditures and IGR, and to determine the statistical significance of each sector’s effect. Results show considerable variability in IGR, with education and health receiving consistently higher allocations than agriculture. Correlation analysis reveals positive associations between IGR and all three sectors. Regression analysis indicates that 89.3 percent of IGR variation is jointly explained by the three expenditures, with education showing a statistically significant positive effect, while health and agriculture show positive but borderline effects. Strategic allocation of public funds, particularly prioritising education, can enhance internally generated revenue and support economic development. Policymakers should adopt integrated budgeting to balance sectoral investments, maximise fiscal outcomes, and strengthen human capital development. The study provides state-level empirical evidence on the effectiveness of government spending in Nigeria, highlighting education as the most influential sector in driving revenue performance. It offers actionable recommendations for improving fiscal planning and resource allocation in sub-national governance contexts.

The last few decades have witnessed considerable competition between developed countries to implement innovative digital advancements. This step is actually important for utility-scale highway construction enterprises, which are characterised by significant uncertainties, complex tasks, budget forecasting fluctuations, delays, cost overruns, and litigation. Nonetheless, the construction sector across all lands faces various hurdles to adopting 5G technologies. Thereby, it is substantial to highlight their instrumental benefits. Additionally, it is essential to illuminate the major risks of these projects. Actually, the global literature has few discussions of breakthrough approaches to mitigate the significant risks posed by these massive projects. Accordingly, this paper conducts a PRISMA-based data collection and analysis to bridge these knowledge gaps. This systematic review is noteworthy because it provides practical evidence and practices on the feasibility of digital tools for smart highway construction procedures and intelligent traffic management. It contributes to the available literature through valuable risk evaluation tools, contributions, and the imperative applications of the latest cutting-edge sensors.

When soil material is subjected to external loading (pressure), its particles tend to undergo rearrangement because of the gradual expulsion of air/water from the soil mass which gives rise to reduction in volume. The loading pattern has a significant effect on the behavior of soil as it responds to the loading. In this research, two categories of consolidation tests; namely Rapid Loading Tests and Standard loading tests were carried out on different soil samples extracted from four different locations within Port Harcourt, Nigeria to investigate the effect of rate of loading on the consolidation properties of cohesive soils. In the Rapid loading Tests, the incremental loading was done at every one-hour (1hr.) interval to simulate the rapid loading whereas in the Standard Loading Tests, the load increment was done at every 24 hours or until there was no significant change in the dial gauge reading. The results of the investigation showed that the values for the coefficient of volume compressibility (mv), and compression index (Cc) were higher by an average of 34.8% and 77.2% respectively whereas the values of Coefficient of consolidation (cv), Swelling Index (Cs), the time factor for 90% consolidation (t90) and Preconsolidation pressure (Pc) were found to be reduced by an average of 37.8%, 33.8% ,32.6% and 15.4%respectively. More so, the settlements were found to be higher by an average of 23.5% in the rapidly loaded soil samples as compared to those of the standard loading tests. Lastly, the results of the investigation, when compared to the recommended values, were found to be within the acceptable range of values. Hence, it could be concluded that soils respond differently depending on the loading pattern, and that the compressibility properties of soil materials can be affected by the rate of loading.

Tuberculosis can cause many types of alteration on normal marrow. Patients with tubeculosis were commonly observed to suffer hematological abnormalities. This study was conducted to investigate the influnce of pulmonary tuberculosis on some hematological parameters among kosti teaching hospital visiters. Blood samples were collected from fourty (40) pulmonary tuberculosis patients and thirty healthy individuals as control. The collected blood samples were transferred to EDTA containers and CBC test was immediately carried. The measured parameters included, HIV, RBCs, ESR, HTC, MCV, MCHC, TWBCs and platlet count. The hematological analyzer (sysmexKX21N) was used. The obtained results were statistically analyzed using (SPSS) programs compared with control samples. The ESR was elevated in (99%) of the patients, 45% of ESR values exceed (100mmHg) and thrombocytosis as (17%). The mean values of patients samples were, Hb (12.1 g/dl), MCV (77.2%), RBCs (4.4), HCT (33.8), MPV (8.9) and RDW (14.5). The control samples showed mean values as, Hb (13.2g/dl), MCV (81.21%), RBCs (4.5), HCT (36.5), MCH (29.4), MCHC (36.2), WBCs (5.9), MPV(10) and RDW (13.8). The TB patients samples showed significant increase in platelets count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in addition to clear decrease in MCV.

Organizations frequently face challenges in balancing financial planning, operational resource utilization, and performance monitoring under changing market conditions. This study proposes an integrated analytical framework that combines time-series forecasting techniques with optimization-based resource allocation models to support organizational decision-making. The framework incorporates historical operational and financial data to estimate future demand patterns, revenue fluctuations, and resource requirements. Forecasting models are developed using statistical methods to identify trends and seasonal variations, while optimization procedures are applied to allocate resources under budgetary and operational constraints. Enterprise information systems are utilized to structure and process organizational data for analysis and reporting. The proposed approach is evaluated through simulation-based scenarios and comparative performance analysis using forecasting accuracy and resource utilization indicators. Results demonstrate improvements in planning accuracy, operational efficiency, and decision consistency. The framework provides a practical methodology for organizations seeking to improve financial and operational performance through data-driven planning and structured decision-support mechanisms.

The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC), formalised through a Memorandum of Understanding at the 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit, represents a transformative geo-economic initiative linking India to Europe via the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, and Greece. Integrating multimodal rail, road, and sea connectivity alongside energy and digital infrastructure, IMEC promises to reduce transit times by 40% and costs by 30% compared to the Suez Canal route. This paper analyses IMEC through the lens of geo-economics and geopolitics, examining its strategic opportunities for India including maritime ascendency, indigenous manufacturing, and regional security partnerships alongside significant challenges such as geopolitical instability, missing infrastructure links, and the protracted Israel-Hamas conflict. The paper further contextualises IMEC against China’s Belt and Road Initiative, Turkey’s opposition, and historical precedents like INSTC. It concludes that IMEC’s success hinges on swift implementation, diplomatic management, and India’s ability to leverage its strategic centrality in an era of intensifying great-power competition.