The Niger Delta region of Nigeria, characterized by extensive oil and gas activities, frequently experiences gas flaring, a significant environmental concern. This study aims to investigate the temporal variations in environmental quality near the Kokori-Erhoike Flow Station in Kokori Community, Delta State, with a focus on assessing pollution levels in air, water, and soil. Samples were collected from various strategic locations around the flow station, including air, water, and soil samples. Samples were analyzed for a range of parameters including Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), heavy metals (such as zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead, and copper), and physicochemical properties like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity. The analytical methods employed included Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for heavy metal analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS) for TPH. Significant findings revealed elevated levels of PM10, and PM2.5 in the air, particularly during the June period, with PM2.5 concentrations exceeding WHO limits. Water sample analysis indicated high concentrations of TPH, especially in the June period, with levels rising from 1.67 mg/L to 2.91 mg/L at specific locations. Heavy metal contamination in water samples showed concentrations of lead (Pb) up to 0.54 mg/L and cadmium (Cd) up to 1.42 mg/L, surpassing WHO guidelines. Soil samples also exhibited high levels of heavy metals, with cadmium (Cd) concentrations up to 1.72 mg/kg and lead (Pb) concentrations up to 10.46 mg/kg. Pearson's correlation analysis highlighted strong positive correlations, such as between cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (r = 0.876, p < 0.01), and zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) (r = 0.821, p < 0.01), suggesting common pollution sources, such as industrial discharges and agricultural runoff. The findings of this study indicate significant environmental degradation in the vicinity of the Kokori-Erhioke Flow Station due to gas flaring activities.

The prevalence of oral diseases has escalated to a global scale, warranting acknowledgment as critical public health issues. With an estimated 3.5 billion individuals worldwide affected by oral diseases, the implications extend far beyond mere dental concerns, encompassing the fundamental health, well-being, and socio-economic productivity of billions. Among these, certain demographic subsets, such as pregnant women, school-aged children, adolescents, the elderly, and physically challenged children, stand out as particularly vulnerable groups prone to oral diseases and associated detrimental habits. Notably, personal behaviours including inadequate oral hygiene practices, tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and consumption of nutritionally deficient diets represent modifiable risk factors significantly impacting oral health outcomes within these populations. Addressing these factors requires a multifaceted approach that integrates preventive strategies, education, and targeted interventions tailored to the unique needs and challenges faced by these special groups. The overarching rationale for this literature review stems from the pressing need to comprehensively understand the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding oral health within special groups. By synthesizing existing knowledge, identifying gaps, and critically evaluating current interventions and strategies, this review aims to provide a robust foundation for informed decision-making and evidence-based practices in oral health education and promotion. In this context, the pivotal role of oral health education emerges as a cornerstone in promoting positive health behaviours and fostering sustainable oral health practices. By empowering individuals and communities with knowledge and skills related to oral hygiene, healthy lifestyle choices, and preventive measures, we can affect substantial improvements in oral health outcomes and overall quality of life. Thus, advocating for innovative, culturally sensitive, and cost-effective strategies that prioritize oral health education within social and cultural frameworks becomes imperative. Such approaches not only hold promise for mitigating the burden of oral diseases but also contribute significantly to enhancing broader health outcomes and fostering inclusive, healthier communities.

The study assessed the impact of Odogwu bitters on biochemical indices of rats. In this experimental study, 16 adult male rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four (4) groups. Groups 1-3 were given 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of Odogwu bitters. Group 4 served as the normal control. Serum liver enzyme activity, kidney function enzyme activity, Lipid profile test and haematology tests were carried out. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, ANOVA, and LSD tests. Elevated levels of ALT and AST in rat plasma indicated potential liver tissue stress due to herbal exposure, aligning with findings from similar herbal studies. However, at higher doses, a reduction in these enzyme levels was observed. Conversely, ALP levels increased significantly with the highest dosage, suggesting potential liver damage. Elevated levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid in the treated groups indicate potential adverse effects on renal function. Urea, vital for waste nitrogen transport and maintaining osmolarity, showed significant alterations, suggesting potential kidney stress. Similarly, increased creatinine levels, a marker of muscle metabolism and renal health, imply compromised kidney filtration. The disturbance in uric acid metabolism, crucial for various physiological functions, points towards potential renal impairment. Haematological results showed a concentration-dependent increase in hemoglobin levels, potentially supporting hemoglobin synthesis. Platelet counts exhibited a dose-related decrease, suggesting an influence on platelet production or function. Red blood cell levels were maintained, possibly due to antioxidant compounds protecting against oxidative damage and stimulating blood cell production. White blood cell levels remained steady, indicating potential immune-boosting effects. Different doses of Odogwu herbal bitters influenced lipid metabolism in Wistar albino rats, with Group 2 showing a reduction in TG levels and Group 3 having the lowest total cholesterol (TCHO). Groups 2 and 3 also had increased HDL levels, while the control group exhibited the lowest LDL levels, suggesting varied effects of the bitters on lipid profiles. The findings collectively suggest a detrimental impact of Odogwu bitters on kidney indices in the studied animal model and could be toxic at a higher dose upon consumption on the liver. But for the lipid status, Odogwu herbal bitters may influence lipid profiles, their effects are not uniformly beneficial across all parameters.

Introduction: The gender-based violence (GBV) is the set of abuses, means of coercion and physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, economic and educational threats against an individual because of their gender or sexual identity [2]. The objective was to study gender-based violence at the "One Stop Center" unit of Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2022, a period of 12 months. The study focused on survivors of gender-based violence received for consultation in the "One Stop Center" unit of Fousseyni Daou Hospital in Kayes. The data were collected on a survey form from medical records, the gender-based violence register, requisitions and medical certificates. Data were entered into Microsoft Word 2016 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Each survivor had an identification code. Confidentiality and anonymity were respected. Results: During the study period, we collected 79 cases of gender-based violence out of a total of 8,404 cases of gynecological and obstetrical consultations, i.e. a frequency of 0.94%. The most affected age group was 11 to 19 years old with 41 cases or 51.9%. The average age was 16.54 years old and the age limits were 2 and 35 years old. In the profession, children and adolescents not in school were the most represented with 29 cases or 36.7%. Women residing in urban areas were the most represented with 55 cases or 69.6%. Single women were the most represented with 53 cases or 67.1%. Eighty-nine percent of survivors came with a requisition against 11%. Rape was the main reason for consultation with 24 cases or 30.4%. Sexual assault was the most common type of violence with 53 cases or 67.0%. In the sample, we recorded 1 HIV positive case, 2 cases of positive Hbs antigen, 2 cases of positive pregnancy test. There were two cases of surgical management with suture for cases of rape with vulvar lesions and a second-degree perineal tear. Twenty-six cases out of the 79 cases collected were prosecuted. There were about ten cases of conviction. Conclusion: Gender-based violence is a tragedy and can have psychological, physical and even obstetric repercussions in the short, medium and long term because the survivors are mainly fragile minors.

Background: This study investigates the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), profitability, and carbon emission disclosure on firm value in the mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2022. The mining sector's significance in Indonesia's economy and the growing importance of sustainable corporate practices provide the context for this research. Methods: The study employs multiple regression analysis to analyze data from 11 mining companies. The variables include GCG mechanisms (managerial ownership, institutional ownership, independent commissioners, and audit committees), profitability (measured by Return on Assets), and carbon emission disclosure. Firm value is proxied by Tobin's Q. Results: The findings indicate that profitability has a positive and significant impact on firm value. However, GCG mechanisms such as independent commissioners and audit committees have negative effects on firm value. Carbon emission disclosure does not significantly influence firm value. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of profitability in driving firm value but also underscores the need for effective GCG mechanisms and greater emphasis on environmental responsibility. The results contribute to the discourse on sustainable corporate practices and their implications for investor confidence, emphasizing the necessity of balanced approaches that integrate financial performance with environmental sustainability.

This study looks at how to improve public services at the Regional Revenue Agency of Kota Semarang influenced by development ability employee and transformation digital. Service index public City Semarang is at on mark 78.5 from scale 100, Still in lower target nationally of 85.0. This has an impact on service inefficiency, with the potential for lost revenue of between 15 And 20 percent and time Wait average 45 minute for service Which Not yet digitized. To know whether There is connection causal between variables certain, study This using the approach quantitative and technique explanation. With technique sampling fed up, study This involving all staff Regional Revenue Agency City Semarang, which amount to 103 person. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The questionnaire was developed using the Digital Competency Framework, Digital Public Service Innovation Framework, SERVQUAL, and Digital Performance Framework. Management use scale Likert 1-5. Studies This help develop digital transformation models and improving human resource capabilities in the public sector, especially in terms of regional revenue management.

This article critically evaluates the intricate navigation between national sovereignty and international refugee law in Bangladesh, specifically concentrating on the nation’s mechanisms of the protracted Rohingya refugee crisis. As a non-signatory to the 1951 Refugee Convention, Bangladesh's legal obligations are initially motivated by the influence of international humanitarian norms, regional considerations, and domestic policy frameworks. This paper examines Bangladesh’s efforts to mediate its sovereign prerogatives with its moral and legal obligation to serve sanctuary to displaced populations. Through critical evaluation of legislative endeavors, governmental reactions, and the efforts of international actors such as the UNHCR, the article enunciates Bangladesh's multifaceted obstacles in its mandate to develop global refugee standards while indicating its domestic needs. The study articulates by proffering strategic suggestions aimed at liberalizing Bangladesh’s mechanisms with international refugee protection protocols, thereby contributing to both the strategy on refugee administration and the progression of legal mechanisms in South Asia.