Background: Prenatal care has proven to play an invaluable role in the reduction of maternal and perinatal mortality. The care provided to the parturient includes risk assessment, health promotion and education, and therapeutic intervention if need arises. The cardinal point of antenatal care is mainly but not limited to ensuring the delivery of a healthy newborn with minimal or no risk to the mother. The importance of prenatal care cannot be overemphasized especially in developing countries with high fertility rate, increased tendency to large family size and increased maternal mortality. Objectives: To determine the sociodemographic characteristics of booked and unbooked pregnant women and to ascertain any differences in maternal and perinatal outcome. Materials and Method: A retrospective cohort study at 68 Nigerian Army reference hospital from January 2020 to December 2023. All the antennal records of women booked in our facility within the period of study were retrieved. Maternity records that included all unbooked deliveries were all retrieved. The variables of interest were maternal age, parity, educational status, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, mode of delivery, obstetrics complications and pregnancy outcomes. Data was analysed using SPSS version 29. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 5032 patients were seen during the four-year period of review. Booked cases were 3572 (70.99%) while unbooked was 1460 (29.01%). Fetomaternal adverse outcome and complication were more in the unbooked category with high operative delivery 87.05% in the unbooked patients. Conclusion: The study showed that more adverse pregnancy outcomes occurs when women are unbooked during pregnancy. Continued utilisation of quality antenatal and delivery care services in our environment will significantly improve pregnancy outcome while reducing maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity.

Background: Primary amenorrhea, defined as the absence of menarche by age 15 in the presence of secondary sexual characteristics or by age 13 without them, arises from various etiologic factors. Timely diagnosis and targeted interventions, including genetic counseling and reconstructive surgeries, are essential for effective management. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to prevalence of etiologic causes of primary amenorrhea among women in a tertiary care center. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from June 2023 to May 2024. Total 120 women presenting with primary amenorrhea during the study period were included. Result: The study involved participants with a mean age of 17.8 ± 3.2 years, with 58.3% aged 15-20. Most were from low-income backgrounds (62.5%), and 33.3% reported parental consanguinity. Hormonal causes (41.7%) predominated, followed by structural (33.3%) and genetic causes (16.7%). Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (60.0%) and Müllerian agenesis (62.5%) were leading subtypes, while Turner syndrome accounted for 60.0% of genetic cases. Diagnostic findings included pelvic ultrasound abnormalities (45.8%, p <0.001) and karyotype abnormalities (16.7%). Hormonal imbalances were most common (58.3%), reflecting the diversity of etiologies and the importance of advanced diagnostics in identifying underlying causes. Socioeconomic status and parental consanguinity significantly influenced etiological patterns. Conclusion: This study highlights significant associations between socio-demographic factors, such as age, consanguinity, socioeconomic status, and etiological categories were observed. Diagnostic findings underscored the importance of pelvic ultrasound, karyotyping, and hormonal evaluation in accurate classification.

Lipoma is a common benign tumor of soft tissues but rarely located in the hand or being responsible for neuropathy. A case of compressive lipoma of the Guyon canal with purely sensory disorders has been evolving for 04 years in a 56-year-old woman. The mass was removed without any damage to vascular, neural, or tendinous structures. Postoperative recovery was straightforward, and the patient regained good mobility in the hand and fingers.

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) remains a global public health challenge, particularly in underserved populations where access to conventional dental care is limited. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has emerged as a transformative approach in the management of ECC, offering a minimally invasive, cost-effective solution to arrest caries progression and prevent new lesions. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of SDF, focusing on its mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, advantages, and limitations in pediatric dentistry. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates that SDF is highly effective in halting caries progression, significantly reducing the need for more invasive treatments, particularly in young or uncooperative patients. However, aesthetic concerns, primarily the black staining of treated lesions, and the need for informed parental consent remain key barriers to its widespread adoption. The article also explores the integration of SDF into broader public health strategies for ECC prevention and treatment, emphasizing its role in resource-constrained settings. Ethical and legal considerations, along with future research directions, are discussed to address gaps in understanding its long-term safety and efficacy. By advancing the use of SDF, this review highlights its potential to revolutionize the management of ECC, aligning with global goals of equitable access to essential health care.

Background: Management of IUFD has immense significance in today’s obstetric practice. To summarize, dinoprostone gel, misoprostol and intra cervical catheter can be used for induction of labour in second and third trimester IUFD. Mechanical methods, i.e. the use of Foley’s catheter balloon, though effective have not gained much popularity because of the fear of infection. Objective: To observed the complications of induction of labor with Foley's catheter in patients with a previous cesarean section. Materials and Methods: The observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Total 52 patients with singleton pregnancy with IUFD, at ≥28 weeks of gestation was attending in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynae were included in this study. Details of history, general physical and systemic examination, ultrasonography, basic laboratory investigations like haemoglobin level, and DIC profile were recorded. Results: Forty three (82.7%) received augmentation with oxytocin, 3(5.8%) developed scar tenderness and 8(15.4%) had failed induction. Failed ICC was found 8 cases, among them 5(62.5%) had dinoprostone gel used followed by vaginal birth, 2(25.0%) had LUCS and 1(12.5%) had laparotomy. Induction delivery interval was found 16.3±5.5 hours. Regarding maternal outcome 49(94.2%) patients had normal vaginal delivery, 4(7.7%) had PPH, 3(5.8%) had fever, 2(3.8%) were ICU admission, 1(1.9%) had laparotomy and 1(1.9%) had rupture uterus. Conclusion: Common maternal complications were PPH, fever, ICU admission, laparotomy and rupture uterus. Induction can be done safely in carefully selected cases of previous LSCS with Foley’s Balloon.

Data shows sudden cardiac arrest is still one of the leading causes of death in Europe and the United States (Berdowski et al., 2010). Healthcare professionals must provide immediate and proper resuscitation, which directly impacts the patient likelihood of survival. Mock code drills play a pivotal role in healthcare education and training, by enhancing the participants' confidence levels. This increased confidence, in turn, contributes to improved clinical performance and patient outcomes. Within the hospital setting, resources and personnel are readily available in the event of a medical emergency, however in the outpatient setting the stakes may be higher due to lessened resources and manpower (Urman, Punwani and Shapiro, 2012). To date, there is very little research surrounding medical emergencies in the outpatient settings, this highlights the need for further investigation as cardiac arrest is a high risk low volume emergency that many healthcare professionals feel unprepared and ill equipped for (Monachino et al., 2019). This Quality Improvement (QI) project explored the impact of mock code blue drills on healthcare professional’s confidence levels in the outpatient setting. Over three months, monthly code blue drills were conducted in two separate outpatient locations. Staff involved in this QI completed a pre and post drill survey consisting of nine statement with five-point Likert scaling assessing their confidence levels. Results in this QI showed an overall improvement in the confidence of clinical staff after taking part in mock code blue drills. There were limitations to this QI including a low response rate, small sample size, as well as external factors such as a faulty public announcement system impacting the drills. Future recommendations include increased frequency of drills, qualitative research to explore staff’s perceptions and high-quality simulation equipment. Code blue drills should be completed every three months to safeguard patient safety and promote staff responsiveness in a true cardiac arrest event.

The civil service played a critical role in fostering socio-economic development, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This paper examined the role of the civil service in driving socio-economic progress, with a focus on Akwa Ibom State. The study assessed how civil service structures and policies influenced key areas such as employment generation, economic growth, infrastructure development, and public service delivery. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher utilized both descriptive and ex post facto research designs to analyze civil service operations and their impact on socio-economic development. The descriptive design provided a detailed overview of the current state of civil service practices, while the ex post facto design allowed for the examination of past policies and their outcomes without manipulating variables. Data were collected from a variety of secondary sources, including textbooks that offered foundational knowledge, journals with empirical studies, civil service information handbooks detailing regulations, and government bulletins providing insights on policies and challenges. The findings revealed that inadequate allocation of resources; bureaucratic delays, corruption, and ineffective human resource management were major factors that hindered the civil service's ability to achieve socio-economic development. The paper concluded with recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of the civil service, including policy reforms, capacity building, and strategic leadership, to better align with national development goals in Akwa Ibom State.