Comparison of Antioxidant, Flavonoid and Polyphenol Content of Three Selected Solanaceae Genera from Kigezi, Southwest Uganda
Mukasa-Tebandeke, I. Z, Karume, I, Ssebuwufu, J, Wasajja, H. Z, Nankinga, R. M
Page Numbers : 40-60
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i04.001
Solanaceae is family of plants widely used in food, sauce and herbal medicine because its members are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, mineral salts and other trace and essential nutrients like phenols and flavonoids that retard degenerative diseases and stress. Knowledge on purposeful use of solanaceae in food and medicine in Uganda is low. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves of three selected solanum genera growing in Kabale were compared for their polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties. Total polyphenol (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. Antioxidant properties and radical scavenging were determined using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, thiocyanate-iron (III) complex and iron (II)/(III)-linoleic acid systems. The polyphenol content of dry leaves of S. anguivi was 1750 ± 0.70, that for S. macrocarpon was 104 ± 0.45 and S. nigrum was 97.80 ± 0.15 GAE/g yet the flavonoid content was 7.40 ± 0.30, 35.00 ± 0.60 and 16.40 ± 0.40 mg/QE/g for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum respectively. The DPPH scavenging at IC50 were 7.80 ± 0.25; 45.60 ± 0.30 and 42.90 ± 0.20 respectively yet hydrogen peroxide scavenging at IC50 stood at 6.89 ± 0.15; 27.00 ± 0.35 and 17 .90 ± 0.20 μg/mL in the respective order for S. anguivi, S. macrocarpon and S. nigrum. The available data suggests the plants are very good food supplements of high nutritive and chemotherapeutic values. However, there is need to perform in vivo and vitro experiments to deduce their efficacy on mammals.
Original Research Article
March 30, 2022
Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared from Jute Stick Charcoal for Industrial Uses
M. Nurul Islam, Jahid Sarker, Ayesha Khatton, S. M. Mahruf Hossain, Helena Akhter Sikder, Rashed Ahmed, A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury
Page Numbers : 33-39
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003
Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.14–0.16 cm3/g). The FT-IR spectra exhibited that the pyrolysis of jute stick resulted in the release of aliphatic and O - containing functional groups by thermal effect. However, the release of functional groups is effect of chemical reaction in the ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4 activation process. A honeycomb carbon structure in activated carbon was formed as observed on SEM images. Although charcoal and activated carbon were prepared at 3000C to 3500, the activated carbon exhibited much lower Raman sensitivity due to the formation of condensed aromatic ring systems. Due to high surface area and high porous structure with abundance of functional groups, the activated carbon prepared from jute sticks charcoal absorbed molecules with much higher than those of other activated carbon.
Original Research Article
March 25, 2022
Evaluation of the antioxidative properties of different Fractions of Ethanol extract of Jatropha tangorensis
Unegbu, C. C, Ajah, O, Nnaoma, I. E, Joseph, R. C
Page Numbers : 29-32
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.002
The antioxidant potential of crude ethanolic as well as ethyl acetate and n-hexane soluble fractions of Jatropha tanjorensis which is widely used in indigenous system of medicinal for different purposes were studied. The antioxidant potential of extract different Fractions were evaluated using different in vitro antioxidant models which includes Ascorbic acid, Beta carotene, flavoniods, total phenols, ABTS, H202, FRAP and reducing power. The estimation of the crude extract showed ascorbic acid (93.51mg/kg), beta carotene (10.564mg/kg), flavoniods (7.88mg/kg), total phenols (64.03mg/kg), ABTS (64.21%), H2O2 (6.39%), FRAP (0.221µmol/ml) and Reducing power (2.913µmol/ml). That of ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fractions for Ascorbic acid, beta carotene, flavoniods, Total phenols, ABTS, H202, FRAP and reducing power are as; 227.8mg/kg, 9.21mg/kg, 0.59mg/kg, 33.94mg/kg, 96.47%, 2.5%, 1.1911 µmol/ml, 4.500µmol/ml and 228.7mg/kg, 9.21mg/kg, 0.59mg/kg, 33.94mg/kg, 98.93%, 2.32%, 1.578µmol/ml, 4.456µmol/ml respectively. However, the result of this Study reveals the plant contains some appreciable amount of the antioxidant models analyzed which is vital to illnesses associated with oxidative stress thereby revealing that the plant is a good source of natural antioxidant.
Original Research Article
March 22, 2022
Antibacterial Activity of Silver-Conjugated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Abiola Olanike Adesina
Page Numbers : 23-28
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.001
Silver-conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Ag-MNPs) were successfully synthesized and characterized and its effect on certain bacteria was evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested against six isolates which include Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella enterica and Acinetobacter baumannii. The result showed that antibacterial activity of the synthesized Ag-MNPs was found to be effective against Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, while the compound was ineffective against some clinical bacterial isolates. The diameters of the zones of inhibition were found to be 20 mm and 27 mm for Serratia marcescens and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was 10 mg/ml for both organisms. Also, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration MBC for the two organisms was found to be 20 mg/ml. Therefore, the synthesized compound has antibacterial activity and could be a reliable compound of choice for treating bacterial infections.
Original Research Article
Feb. 28, 2022
Impact and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy metals on Contaminated Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum) Consumed in Gombe Metropolis
Usman Y. M, Pantami H. A, Asmau G, Abdulkadir A
Page Numbers : 16-22
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i02.002
Tomatoes consumed in Gombe are contaminated with traces and heavy metals due to accumulation of these metals in soil that absorbed by crop plants, which is the most serious environmental problem with significant implications on human health. This study focused on the comparative studies on concentrations of carcinogenic and non- carcinogenic heavy metals analyzed based on WHO Permissible limits. Sample T1 Tomatoes showed mean concentrations in decreasing order of Zn = 0.094 ± 0.045 mg/kg followed by Mn = 0.0744 ± 0.0031 mg/kg then Ni = 0.0394 ± 0.0014 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0163 ± 0.00113 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0063 ± 0.00106 mg/kg, Pb = 0.0031 ± 0.0062 mg/kg, Co = 0.00152 ± 0.00126 mg/kg, As = 0 respectively. Sample T2 showed mean concentrations of heavy metals with the highest of Ni = 0.2095 ± 0.27 mg/kg followed by Zn = 0.1761 ± 0.134 mg/kg, Mn = 0.0487 ± 0.0023 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0233 ± 0.00195 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0147 ± mg/kg, Pb = 0.0047 ± 0.0062 mg/kg, Co = 0.0075 ± 0.0065 mg/kg respectively with few above WHO limits of 0.002 – 0.005mg/kg. Sample T3 Tomatoes showed mean concentrations with highest in decreasing order of Mn = 0.0829 ± 0.017 mg/kg followed by Ni = 0.0809 ± 0.00412 mg/kg, Zn = 0.0504 ± 0.0031 mg/kg, Co = 0.0225 ±0.00080 mg/kg, Cd = 0.0179 ± 0.00243 mg/kg, Fe = 0.0143 ± 0.00057 mg/kg. As = 0.0011 ± 0.000265 mg/kg, Pb = 0.0004 ± 0.000058 mg/kg respectively. Hazard Index (HI) of non-carcinogenic Heavy metals analyzed in Tomatoes samples showed highest hazard index in all the three pathways with Co = 3.64 E+ 00 followed by Pb = 2.71E+00 then Cd = 5.51E-01, Ni = 1.07E-02, Mn = 6.81E-03, As = 2.16E-03, Zn = 7.79E-04, while the lowest Hazard index was shown by Fe = 5.62E-05 indicating HI > 1 with adverse health risk in decreasing order of Co > Pb > Cd > Ni > Mn > As > Zn > Fe respectively. Cancer risk effects of carcinogenic heavy metals investigated through ingestion showed the highest cancer risk of Cd = 4.10E-05 followed by As = 3.23E-07 then Pb = 7.14E-06 with order of Cd > As > Pb > Co while cancer risk through inhalation showed the highest in Co = 1.27E-11 followed by Cd = 7.06E-12 then As = 4.76E-13, the lowest of Pb = 4.41E-14 with order of Co > Cd > As > Pb indicating that some heavy metals contaminated the tomatoes analyzed were projecting while hazard and cancer risk on human health will persisted on body systems at certain prolong time, examining of these heavy metals levels will safeguard public health.
Original Research Article
Feb. 22, 2022
A Diterpene Isolated from Ficus sur Forssk (Moraceae) and it’s Alpha-Amylase Inhibition Activity
Suleiman Mikailu, Afieroho Ozadheoghene Eriarie, Kio Anthony Abo
Page Numbers : 11-15
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i02.001
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. The objective is to investigate and characterize the alpha-amylase inhibition principles of the leaves of Ficus sur Forssk (Moraceae) used in ethnomedicine for management of diabetes mellitus. Powdered leaves were successively macerated with N-hexane, chloroform and 70% ethanol respectively for three consecutive days. The extracts were assessed for phytochemicals and inhibition of alpha-amylase. Alpha-amylase inhibition was assessed using porcine α-amylase. Bioactive n-hexane extract was fractionated on column chromatography packed with Silica Gel G (mesh 60-120) and eluted with gradient mixture of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Active fractions (F1 - F5) were purified on preparative thin layer chromatography. Active pure compounds were assessed for bioactivity and identified by spectroscopy (UV, IR, MS and NMR). The n-hexane extracts of the plant exhibited highest significant (p < 0.05) inhibition. Fraction F4 was the most active and was and compound FB was characterized from it as a novel abietane-type diterpene (4,7,10-b-trimethyl-benzofuro[c]-6,6-a,8,9,10,10-a-hexahydroisochromene-7-carboxylic acid) with 55% inhibition of alpha-amylase at 50µg/ml. This work reports for the first time a novel diterpenoid from Ficus sur with alpha-amylase inhibition activity.
Original Research Article
Jan. 21, 2022
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Schiff Base Complexes of Co (II) and Cu (II) Derived from Salicyldehyde and Diphenylamine
Uba Bala
Page Numbers : 6-10
DOI : 10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i01.002
This paper reports antibacterial and antifungal activities of Schiff base and that’s of its metal (II) complexes (Co, Cu) derived from salicyldehyde and diphenylamine. The Schiff base and its metal (II) complexes were characterized using different analytical techniques like FTIR, melting point, solubility, and molar conductance, The Schiff base and its respective metals complexes were colored. The result from IR analysis revealed bands at 1614cm-1 indicating the formation of azomethine (C=N) confirming the formation of Schiff base. The band at 664cm-1indicate the formation of complex which is assign toV(M-N) supporting coordination of Schiff base to respective metals. The solubility test result showed that both the Schiff base and complexes are soluble in most organic solvent and insoluble in water. Both the schiff base and complexes revealed sharp melting point and decomposition temperature. The molar conductance data of the complexes in Dimethylsulphoxide(DMSO) show low value of 9 and 10 Ohm-1cm2 mol-1) indicating the complexes are non-electrolytes. The entire compound was tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The results indicated that the growth of the tested organism was inhibited by the compounds.
