Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of low intensity plyometric training combined with different muscle relaxation techniques on leg explosive power of junior athletes. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 junior athletes from Shree Bharath Vidyaashram, Chennai. The age ranged between 11 to 13 years, who were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the leg explosive power tested by standing long jump test and performance recorded in meters. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t-test. The improvement percentage was assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test * 100.” The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in explosive power over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on leg explosive power was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on leg explosive power namely, standing long jump test observation.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of fartlek training combined with different running based high intensity interval training on cardio respiratory endurance of men soccer players. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 men soccer players who taking part in the inter collegiate level football tournament from University, Calicut Kerala. The age ranged between eighteen to twenty-one years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the cardio respiratory endurance was tested by coppers 12 minutes run or walk test and performance recorded in meters. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by way analysis of co variance. The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The one-way analysis of co variance showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in cardio respiratory endurance over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on cardio respiratory endurance was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on cardio respiratory endurance.

Background: Pediatric abdominal masses are diagnostically challenging due to their diverse etiology and nonspecific presentation, necessitating accurate imaging for proper management. This study aimed to evaluate the imaging spectrum and diagnostic performance of radiological modalities in differentiating benign and malignant lesions. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to December 2025. Ninety pediatric patients with suspected abdominal masses were included and evaluated using ultrasonography as the primary modality, with CT and MRI performed when indicated. Imaging findings were assessed for lesion characteristics and origin, and classified as benign or malignant. Diagnostic performance was analyzed using standard statistical measures. Results: A total of 90 pediatric patients with abdominal masses were evaluated, with most aged 1–5 years (40.0%) and a slight male predominance (57.8%), and abdominal swelling being the commonest presentation (82.2%). Renal origin was most frequent (35.6%), followed by hepatic (22.2%), with solid lesions predominating (66.7%) and all patients undergoing USG (100%), while CT (66.7%) and MRI (20.0%) were used selectively. Wilms tumor was the leading diagnosis (24.4%), and overall diagnostic accuracy was 86.7% with sensitivity 91.1%, specificity 79.4%, PPV 87.9%, and NPV 84.4%. Conclusion: Radiological evaluation, led by ultrasonography with complementary CT and MRI, is highly effective in characterizing pediatric abdominal masses and distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of battle rope and jump rope training combined with ladder drills on cardio respiratory endurance of college men students. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 45 college men students from Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, who were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into two intervention groups. The test items used to collect the cardio respiratory endurance tested by Cooper 1.5-mile run test and for completed by the participants before the training intervention. The stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 50-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t-test. The improvement percentage was assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test * 100.” The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in selected dependent variables over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on selected variable was observed. The findings indicate that both the training regimes led to significant improvement on the selected cardio respiratory endurance namely, Cooper test observation. The jump rope training combined with ladder drills has produced a superior effect compared to the battle rope training combined with ladder drills.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different neuromuscular training on muscular endurance of junior athletes. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 junior athletes’ who taking part in the school level zone athletic competitions from Sakthi Higher Secondary School, Erode Tamilnadu. The age ranged between twelve and thirteen years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the muscular endurance tested by modified it ups test and performance recorded in counts. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by way analysis of co variance. The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The one-way analysis of co variance showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in muscular endurance over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on muscular endurance was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on agility.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a promising biologically active adjunct in regenerative endodontics due to its high concentration of autologous growth factors that promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and tissue healing. Used as a scaffold and bioactive reservoir, PRP supports pulp–dentin complex regeneration, particularly in immature necrotic teeth. This review highlights the biological basis, preparation methods, and diverse clinical applications of PRP in endodontics. Despite its advantages, limitations related to standardization and growth factor release persist, emphasizing the need for further long-term clinical studies to establish predictable protocols.

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical, biochemical, immunological, and histological features, which may make its diagnosis challenging in clinical practice. This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic difficulties encountered in patients with suspected AIH and to highlight the role of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over a five-year period from January 2019 to July 2025 in the Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology and Proctology at Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat. Clinical records of patients evaluated for suspected AIH were reviewed, and demographic, clinical, biochemical, immunological, and histological data were analyzed. A total of 24 patients were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 45.5 years and a marked female predominance (83.3%). Cholestatic jaundice was the most common presenting manifestation (45.8%), followed by portal hypertension syndrome (29.2%) and chronic cytolysis (16.7%). Elevated serum IgG levels were observed in 79.2% of patients. Antinuclear antibodies and anti–smooth muscle antibodies were positive in 75% and 70.8% of cases, respectively. According to the simplified International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) criteria, definite AIH was diagnosed in 11 patients (45.8%) and probable AIH in 3 patients (12.5%). In the remaining cases, alternative diagnoses were established, including primary biliary cholangitis, chronic hepatitis C, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis, hepatic sarcoidosis, drug-induced hepatitis, and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Histopathological examination played a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis and identifying overlap syndromes or alternative etiologies. Patients with confirmed or probable AIH were treated with corticosteroids in combination with azathioprine, with favorable clinical outcomes in most cases. These findings underline the diagnostic complexity of AIH and emphasize the importance of integrating clinical, biological, immunological, and histological data to establish an accurate diagnosis and guide appropriate management.