There is no exaggeration to assert that vaccination is one of the greatest scientific discoveries ever made. Generally, mothers’ misconception of vaccination was considered as one of the major barriers for better immunization coverage. Previous studies showed misconceptions on mothers’ knowledge towards childhood immunization. So, there is a necessity for the mothers to create unequivocal knowledge in order to develop positive attitude towards vaccination and thus improve their contribution to it for reducing the burden of dreadful infectious diseases. Objective: To develop and validate an educational booklet for treating mothers' misconceptions on vaccination. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was adopted in this study for building and validating an educational booklet entitling "Treating mothers' misconceptions on vaccination." The construction of the booklet took place between June to December 2017 at Tanta district health offices through two stages: bibliographic survey; and manufacture of educational materials. Total sample size of 400 mothers of children under five years selected by using convenience sampling technique. Two-structured questionnaires were developed based on relevant literature and adopted throughout the study phases. The first one contained the following data: A) the first part included socio-demographic characteristics of the mothers as age, educational level, occupation, family size and residence. B) The second part included mothers' knowledge towards obligatory vaccination importance, contraindications, and side effects, in addition to all vaccines' mode, time and age of administration. C) The third part included mother’s practical knowledge she followed before, during and after vaccinating her child. Moreover, the second questionnaire was used for exploring the mothers and professional experts' opinions in relation to formulation of an educational booklet. Results: The study results indicated that, Out of 400 mothers included in the study, the mean age of the mother whose child undergoing vaccination is (22.00 ± 10.68) years. The predominant mothers have completed higher education, and occupational status showed that more than two-third (68.3%) were house wives. Regarding mothers' knowledge level, The proportion of mothers who lack the knowledge were as follows; vaccination contraindication (86.3%),Side effects (60.8%), BCG (51.5%), Hepatitis B (87%), MMR (92.5%), OPV (54.8%) and PENTA (94.5%). Conclusion: It was crucial to construct this booklet to ensure children' mothers' better understanding of the issues surrounding vaccination, treating their misconceptions and for improving their potentials of management of their children' vaccination care.

Cord infection remains a significant cause of death among neonates in the developing world. Its prevention using the appropriate cleaning agent is key to ensuring the neonates stay free and safe during the period of cord care. This study was conducted to assess the awareness and use of chlorhexidine gel (CHG) in the prevention of neonatal sepsis among nurses and midwives in selected health facilities in Abeokuta. The descriptive study utilized a purposive sampling technique and a questionnaire derived from literature review to collect data from 42 respondents in three selected health facilities in Abeokuta. Findings revealed that while 31% were aware of the recommendation favoring the use of CHG for cord care, only 10% understood that the recommended strength for umbilical cord care is the aqueous solution or gel delivering 4% chlorhexidine. Prevention of umbilical cord infection should center on meticulous care of the umbilical cord with the use of chlorhexidine (CHG) which is the recommended cleaning agent. It is therefore recommended that a seminar or conference should be organized for nurses and midwives as this will increase awareness on the use of chlorhexidine gel for umbilical cord care and its benefits.

Introduction: Liquified petroleum gas can be used as a power source for combined heat and power technologies (CHP). CHP is the process of generating both electrical power and useful heat from a single fuel source. This study assess the effectiveness of health litracy and behavioral changes on the household gas cylinder usage and safety measures among women’s. Methodology: Descriptive design non experimental research approach was used to sample 100 respondents from rural areas Thiruvallur district. A structure interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. These were analyzed by using (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation and inferential (chi square) statistics. Results: In frequency overall knowledge aspects on household gas cylinder usage and safety measures, the pre test mean value is 7.85 with standard deviation of 2.1047 and post test score Mean is 11.34 and SD is 4.3256. Discussion: Based on the findings of the study to improved the Liquified petroleum gas gas cylinder usage and safety measures living of the people in the rural areas.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers regarding exclusive breastfeeding in infants, admitted in PIMS, Islamabad. Study Design: Descriptive qualitative study design based on in-depth interviews. Place and Study Duration: It was carried out from December 2015 to May 2016 involving mothers of infants admitted in PIMS Islamabad. Materials and Methods: Data was collected through in-depth interviews from the mothers of infants till the saturation of ideas, which was came at the thirtieth respondent. The collected data was analyzed manually. Verbatim notes were taken and interviews were recorded. After transcribing the data, nodes and sub-nodes were developed and on the basis of them, themes were generated. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the mothers knew the advantages of breast feeding and its importance for the health of the infants. The main reason behind this was the cultural practices, running in the families for years as well as the myths of elderly at homes, who were the main decision makers. Conclusion: The study gave a basic level of knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers about exclusive breast feeding. Breastfeeding is a natural and beneficial source of nutrition and provides the healthiest start for an infant.

Adolescents in peri-urban settings are at increased risk of sexual and reproductive health challenges. Most peri-urban settings in developing countries are characterised by violence, illicit sex and drugs, abortions, limited access to quality health information and services among other challenges. Adolescent’s friendly centres are believed to be one of the innovative strategies and approaches for delivering age and culturally appropriate sexual and reproductive health information and services for at risk and sexually active adolescents in peri-urban settings. Health based project organizations in peri-urban environments are routinely delivering health information and services for at-risk adolescents through ‘adolescent’s friendly centres’. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between adolescent friendly service provision approach and delivery of sexual and reproductive health information and services for sexually active peri-urban adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of adolescent friendly service provision approach on delivery of sexual and reproductive health information and services for sexually active peri-urban adolescents enrolled in reproductive health projects in peri-urban settings within Kisumu City. A cross sectional study design was used. The target population was 1299 adolescents, project managers and ASRH service providers. A sample size of 297 was computed using the Krecjie and Morgan sample estimation. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive and inferential data were analysed using SPSS. The descriptive statistics included frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations. Inferential statistics included Pearson’s correlation(r), co-efficient of determination (R2), Anova Test (p value) and Beta coefficients (β). There was statistically significant positive association between adolescent friendly centre approach and delivery of ASRHS (r=304 p<0.01). It is recommended that project based reproductive health organizations specializing in adolescent sexual and reproductive health projects should strengthen adolescent friendly centres to ensure sustained uptake of age and culturally appropriate sexual and reproductive health information and services for sexually active adolescents in peri-urban settings.

Objective: To assess the knowledge regarding hospital acquired infection (nosocomial infection) among health care workers of tertiary care hospital of Wah Cantt. Study Design: This was a Descriptive quantitative study design based on self-design questionnaire. Place and Study Duration: It was carried out from March 2018 to August 2018 involving health care workers working in tertiary care hospital of Wah Cantt. Materials and Methods: Data was collected through self-structured questionnaire from the health care workers working in tertiary care hospital of Wah Cantt. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS version 20, for proper analysis the data was presented in the form of percentage and frequencies for qualitative variables, mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative variables. Results: The results of the study showed that Health Care Workers had adequate knowledge regarding hospital acquired infection. The existing studies was done to explore the knowledge gap regarding hospital-acquired infection of Health Care Workers and how hospital acquired infection can prevent from one another in the hospital settings. Conclusion: The study gave a basic level of knowledge regarding hospital acquired infection (nosocomial infection) among health care workers. The health care associated infection (HCAIs) or the infections acquired from the hospital can be defined as the Infection, which occurs within the 48 hours of hospital admission or three days of discharge from hospital.

Individuals undergoing radiological investigations are exposed to natural and man-made radiation which could be ionizing or non-ionizing. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge of radiation and practice of radiation protection measures among patients awaiting radiological investigations at a teaching hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Consenting patients awaiting investigations at the radiology department of LAUTECH teaching hospital were enrolled for this study. Semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire were used and knowledge scoring was done. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 22 and p< 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The mean knowledge of radiation score among the 200 patients studied was 55.8%±20.8. Participants with high education had significantly higher score (62.46%±15.07) than those with low and no formal education (34.79%±22.38) p= 0.001. Participants who practiced personal protective measures had higher scores than those that do not p= 0.001. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the knowledge scores between the males and females (55.59%±20.41vs 56.14%±21.35) p>0.05. This study showed that knowledge about radiation helps in adopting a lifestyle that protects from radiation but the knowledge of participants about radiation appears to be shallow. Patients were not aware of the type of radiological investigation they undergo and the associated radiation risk. It is strongly recommended that patient should be well informed about the radiological investigations they undergo.