Introduction: Hand washing through appropriate and easy methods and educational intervention could be save millions of lives, which are cost effective in many developing world. There are clear changes observed in hand washing behaviors of primary school children after the educational intervention. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone for prevention and control of infection and prevents the children from different diseases. Methods: A quasi- experimental, quantitative, before and after study design was conducted among the students total (n= 76) in the primary school of Ali Raza Abad Raiwind Road Lahore, Pakistan from September 2018 to December 2018. The educational intervention involve four meeting about hand washing in which the researcher educate the students about hand washing practices and give standard knowledge that improve the hand washing practices that lead to prevention of disease which are caused by contaminated hand and appropriate way of hand washing to promote the good quality of health. Results A total 76 children participated in the study, the majority of the participants were boys 53(69.74%). The mean score of knowledge before intervention is 13.3816, standard deviation is 3.54675 and standard error of mean is .40694 on the other hand the total means of knowledge after intervention is 18.6447, standard deviation is 1.52930 and standard error of mean is .17542. The mean difference between the two mean is 5.26316. There is a statistically significant difference before and after the educational intervention. The educational intervention is highly effective because the significant value is 0.00. Conclusions: The result of the study shows the knowledge regarding hand washing practices of children in primary schools was improved after educational implementation and by proper techniques of hand washing.

Services for early childhood in Murung Raya have been carried out by various programs, one of which is the Development of an Integrative Holistic Toddler Family (BKB-HI) by the Office of Population Control, Family Planning, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP2KBP3A). However, the implementation of this program experienced several obstacles, namely the number of BKB-HI groups was still minimal, the implementation of programs in each group was not evenly distributed, the low quantity and quality of cadres, and the role of field officers was still not optimal. This study aims to determine the performance and factors that influence the performance of DP2KBP3A in Murung Raya Regency especially in the BKB-HI program. Performance measurement uses four performance measurement indicators, namely: productivity, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. This study uses a qualitative approach with case study design. Data collection techniques through interviews, observations involved and focus groups and then analyzed using a model developed by Miles & Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The location of this study is in Murung Raya Regency. The results of the study concluded that: (1) The performance of DP2KBP3A can be seen through several indicators, namely: (a) productivity, in terms of effectiveness, has not been able to achieve effectiveness because it has not been able to give an impact according to the expected goals; (b) responsiveness, proposals and aspirations of the community have been followed up by accommodating community complaints through family planning counselors and compiling programs and activities according to community needs, but have not been able to realize all community aspirations due to limited funds, time and especially lack of Family Planning Extension; (c) responsibility, the organizational structure of the Office is able to support the implementation of the BKB-HI program, and employees from each lin

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has a negative impact on women reproductive health, causing impaired cognitive abilities and decreased physical performance. Aim: to assess the factors influencing iron treatment among anemic pregnant women. Research Design: Correlational descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Setting: The primary health care unit in El-Baranea is affiliated to directorate of health in Ashmon El-Menofea. Sample: A Purposive sample of 150 pregnant women was recruited for the study. Tool: Two tools were used for data collection I) structured interviewing questionnaire, II) Self-report practices questionnaire. Results: most of the sampled women had malpractices in their nutritional habits & in receiving the iron treatment although they complied to take iron treatment every day. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge about iron treatment and the level of education (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: There are many factors influencing iron treatment as women’s level of knowledge and malpractices in receiving their iron treatment. Recommendation: Continuous health education for all women who receive iron treatment should be provided in antenatal clinic.