Vaccine hesitancy is considered to be a threat to the success of vaccination program and control of infectious diseases. It affects the morbidity and mortality thus overwhelms the health care system. Up to our knowledge there is no formal study done to assess vaccine hesitancy in Bahrain. The aim and objectives of this study is to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy towards childhood vaccination in Kingdom of Bahrain. A cross sectional study was conducted in Bahrain’s five health regions. One primary health care center was selected randomly from each health region. Participants were systematically selected; every third attendant was asked to fill a self-administer PACV questionnaire. A total of 707 participants were enrolled in the study. This study found that 5.8% of participants were hesitant to vaccinate their children. Non-Bahraini were found to be more hesitant than Bahraini. In addition, 33.3% of the hesitant participants delayed their child's vaccination and 38.2% decided not to have their child vaccinated for reasons other than illness or allergy. Most of the hesitant participants had concerns about vaccine safety, as 65.9% of the hesitant participants were concerned that the child might have a serious side effect from the vaccine, 63.4% were concerned that childhood vaccines might not be safe and more than two third of them preferred that their children get fewer vaccines at the same time. However, 45.9% of the hesitant participants have trust issues about their child’s doctor. Although Kingdom of Bahrain has a high immunization coverage and low prevalence of hesitancy towards childhood’s vaccines, addressing vaccine hesitancy is important to maintain the high vaccination coverage and prevent communicable diseases targeted by vaccination.

Aim: The quality of care given by occupational therapists on sexual rehabilitation of persons with physical disabilities (PWDs) is influenced by their knowledge about, and attitude towards sexual rehabilitation. There is little information on the knowledge about, and attitude towards sexual rehabilitation of PWDs among OT practitioners in Nigeria. This study therefore assessed the knowledge and attitude of occupational therapy (OT) professionals and trainees about sexual rehabilitation of PWDs. Method: Using a purposive sampling technique, 73 OT professionals and trainees responded to this cross-sectional survey. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean knowledge score for the OT trainees was 22.87±3.90 and 23.44±4.84 for OT professionals. Similarly, the mean score for attitude was 57.00±4.65 for OT trainees and 56.24±6.94 for OT professionals. Over 80% of the respondents had moderate knowledge about sexual rehabilitation while all the respondents had positive attitude towards sexual rehabilitation. Also, the attitude of OT professionals towards sexual rehabilitation of PWDs was significantly lower than that of the OT trainees (t=0.56; p-0.009) (Table-3). In addition, there was significant correlation between the knowledge and attitude of the respondents towards sexual rehabilitation of PWDs (ρ=0.26; p=0.025) (Table-4). Conclusion: In Nigeria, OT professionals and trainees demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and attitude about sexual rehabilitation of PWDs. Significant relationships exist between knowledge and attitude towards sexual rehabilitation of PWDs.

Background: Caffeine is a stimulant found in tea, coffee, cola, chocolate and some over-the-counter medicines. Clearance of caffeine from the mother’s blood slows down during pregnancy. Some authors of observational studies have concluded that caffeine intake is harmful to the fetus, causing growth restriction, reduced birth weight, preterm birth or still birth. The newborn could also have withdrawal symptoms if the mother has a high intake of caffeine (more than eight cups of coffee per day). Drinking three cups of coffee a day in early pregnancy had no effect on birth weight, preterm births or growth restriction. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of restricting caffeine by mothers on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and methods: Research Design: A quasi experimental design was used in conducting this study. Sample: A purposive sample composed of 200 pregnant women. The study sample was divided randomly into 2 groups (the control and study group). Tools: Two tools were used for data collection which named; interviewing questionnaire and fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes tool. Main Results: the current study revealed a relation between caffeine intake and gestational anemia, occurrence of cesarean deliveries, abnormal placental weight, neonatal low birth weight, neonatal apnea and neonatal caffeine withdrawal syndrome. Conclusion: Research hypotheses 1 is rejected while 2 and 3 are accepted. Recommendations: Preconception counseling for women about correcting the unhealthy habits including caffeine consumption. Women with previous neonatal complications must consider eliminating caffeine.

Roy’ adaptation model helps to adapt healthy behaviors in diseases which are impossible to cure. According to this model, care should be aimed in enhancing adaptive capabilities and increasing the coping response of individuals to deal with stressor. Roy’s adaptation model is widely used due to its simplicity and accessibility for improving quality of life. Roy ‘adaptation model is important to promote individuals’ adaptation in changing health care demands, thus improving adjustment, quality of life and dying with dignity Roy’ adaptation model based care plan is a non-invasive non medicated and cost efficient way to limit physical and psychological issues of patients with chronic diseases. Purpose of this paper is to evaluate different articles which used Roy adaptation model for care of chronic illnesses. Nine different studies are included in this paper to evaluate the efficacy of Roy adaptation model.

Objective: The study aimed to establish the most common non – nursing tasks performed by nurses and its impact on the delivery of nursing care in Al Dakhliyah Governorate Oman in select government hospitals. Methods: This study is cross-sectional involving 173 nurses from June to July 2018 through stratified random sampling. The questionnaire was based on different literature specifically the RN FORECAST questionnaire utilized in European studies. The results were analyzed through the use of SPSS version 21 through means and frequency distribution. Results: Out of n=173 respondents, 164 answered the questionnaire with a response rate of 94.74%. The top five most common non-nursing tasks are answering phones and clerical (3.38 times per person), filling of items such as syringe, incontinent sheet, gauze and cotton (3.36 times), cleaning of medical equipment (3.20 times), bringing sample to the laboratory (2.96 times) and transporting of patients within the hospital (2.76 times). On the other hand, the top missed care include oral hygiene (60%) & nurse-patient interaction (60%), physical assessment (59.21%), frequent changing of position (58.87%) and proper documentation (56.68%). Conclusion: The nurses working in the government institutions in Al Dakhliyah governorate performs numerous non-nursing tasks which affect the delivery of patient care. As a recommendation, a clerk should be included as non-healthcare personnel responsible for many non-nursing tasks. To offer an assistant for nurses, a nursing aid is also recommended as a member of the healthcare team. Additionally, the medical orderly should also be oriented and updated on their job descriptions.

The study was aimed at evaluating effectiveness of coping strategies intervention on caregivers’ burden among caregivers of dependent elderly in selected hospital, Kozhikode. The objectives of the study was to assess the caregivers’ burden among the caregivers of dependent elderly before administering the coping strategies intervention, to evaluate the effectiveness of coping strategies intervention on caregivers’ burden among caregivers of dependent elderly, to find out the association between caregivers’ burden and selected demographic variable. The research approach used for the study is quantitative approach, the research design used for the study is one group pre-test post-test design, and sampling technique used for the study is convenience sampling technique. 30 caregivers of dependent elderly were taken as the subjects. The study was conducted in selected general wards in MIMS hospital, Kozhikode. Demographic data and caregivers’ burden scale were the tools used for conducting the research. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study showed that 60% of subjects had mild to moderate burden and about 40% had little or no burden before administering coping strategies intervention. In posttest all the subjects had only little or no burden. The mean caregivers’ burden in the intervention group decreased. Calculated paired t value (13.03) was greater than the table value (2.05) at df 29. Finally study showed that coping strategies interventions are effective in reducing the care givers’ burden. And also there is a significant association between religion and caregivers’ burden.

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Behavioral Change Communication on knowledge of self care management of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic clients in Mappedu village. The objectives of the study was to assess the level knowledge on self care management of diabetic Foot ulcer among diabetic client in the pre test, To assess the effectiveness of behavioral change communication on self care management of diabetic Foot ulcer among diabetic client in the post test and To associate the post test level of knowledge with demographic variable Totally 50 samples were selected using convenient sampling technique. The researcher developed a structured interview schedule to assess the demographic variables of the samples .The pre test level of knowledge is assessed using questionarrie and then after completing pre-test the investigator administered vedio assisted teaching on diabetic foot care to the clients. Then the post test were conducted to the samples with the same structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.The findings of the study reveals that out of 50 samples in pre test 0(0%) had adequate knowledge, 17(34%) had inadequate knowledge 33(66%) had poor knowledge and in post test 35(70%) had adequate knowledge, 15(30%) had inadequate knowledge and 0(0%) had poor knowledge. The calculated ‘t’ value for experimental group was t=6.47 which is found significant at P>0.05 level. So the Behavioral Change Communication on knowledge of self care management of diabetic foot ulcer among diabetic clients is effective.

Background and rationale: Job stress has become a major problem in recent period particularly in nursing profession. Work stress is the second prevailing problem related to health. The background of critical care areas is extremely hectic and stressful, that result from frequent emergencies, extraordinary high-tech complexity, and absorption of severely wounded patients subject to abrupt alterations in their health condition. Stress in the hajj season seems to be at its peak because nurses have consecutive 15 shifts and handling a high numbers of multicultural and multilingual patients. Objective of the study: To find out the level of job related stress and its related consequences among nurses working in the critical care areas of King Abdullah Medical City during hajj season. Methods: We used a questionnaire of 35 questions with likert scale as 1= Never, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, 4 = most often and 5 = always. In addition, we targeted all the nurses working in critical care area during hajj time of 2017. Results: From 100 (n=100) participants 39% responded as having mild stress, 47% participants having moderate stress and 14% nurses facing severe degree of stress. the majority 51% of this sample nurses showed moderate to severe degree of job satisfaction and a small percentage 2% were mildly satisfied with their job. Moreover, almost half participants 49% have mild mental and physical health problems due to stress while 22% to 29% respondents facing moderate to severe degree of health problems. Furthermore, 40% of the staff experienced a mild degree of being emotionally drained at work, while 33% of them had severe degree and 27% experienced a moderate degree. Additionally, 55% of the nurses responded that they are not participating in job related decisions. More than half of nurses were apathetic towards their colleagues and a maximum number of participant have feeling of incompetence. The results of an open-ended question for techniques to cope with the