The present study investigates the comparison of hand hygienic practices in nurses of neonate and pediatric unit allied hospital and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. Hand hygiene is a primary measure to reduce infection in neonates. Hand hygiene is a simple procedure. That can help in reducing morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study is to comparison of hand hygienic practices in nurses of neonate and pediatric unit Allied hospital and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. To assess nurses compliance of hand hygiene related to new born care. To assess association between hand hygiene training and hand washing practice. The study’s methodology involved descriptive quantitative study design. Sample size was 180. Questionnaires were distributed to the nurses of two hospitals. 150 questionnaires returned back. Questionnaire was containing in 3 sections. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Results describes about I receive formal training for hand hygiene. Results indicate that 100% respondents were Agree with the statement. The mean is 1.0000 with .00000 standard deviation. Results describes about There is a relationship between good hand hygiene practice and hospital acquired infections. Results indicate that 88.0% respondents were strongly agree, 12.0% agree with the statement. The mean is 1.1200 with .32605 standard deviation. Results describes my clinical nursing instructor consistently performs HH when necessary. Results indicate that 65.3% respondents were strongly agree, 28.0% Agree and the UN decided 6.7% with the statement. Hand washing is a primary measure to reduce infection and prevent spread of health care associated infection. Descriptive quantitative design used for this study. Data was collected through adopted questionnaire Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing date.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), “hygiene refers to conditions and practices that assistance to keep up wellbeing and avoid the spread of disease. Personal hygiene includes those practices performed by a person to care of one’s bodily well- being, through cleanliness. A Cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in primary school of Hussain Abad of Lahore. The instrument use for the data collection was adopted questioner and convenient sampling technique was used. Study included 119 primary school children most of them were males (55.4%), the majority were rural resident (88.7%) with their age ranged between 5-12 years and median age 10 years. More than three quarters of the children (77.1%) knew the requirement of personal hygiene. On the other hand more than half of them had a special towel and comb. About two thirds of children (65.4%) had good to moderate knowledge with nearly three quarters (73.6%) had positive attitudes and more than half (55.4%) had good practice. There was a moderate positive correlation between knowledge score with both the attitude and practice scores. Male and older children had a significant better knowledge, attitude and practice than female and younger ones. Residence had no significant effect on children knowledge, attitude and practice. Preschool children knowledge, attitudes, and practices about personal hygiene were deficient in some aspects.

In this modern era, people living in scientific world. They enjoy their life through modern scientific inventions. On the other hand, we can’t ignore the dark side like everybody becomes victim of depression, in which poverty is one of the major causes of depression. Depression may lead to psychiatric disorders among people. This was an observational cross sectional study and data was collected from the rural area. Women are diagnosed with depression more frequently than men. The finding of the result revel that poverty lead to depression which affect the mental level. The government of Pakistan should be provided more and more opportunities for the job so that to bycot the poverty.

During the current era the patients are too much demanding and always asking for quality services. Their expectations are raised and demand for optimal care from any health care setup. These high expectations from the hospitals result into a tough competition among the hospitals to work for excellence. As a result, health organizations in all sectors have been competing with each other in provision of service quality and customer satisfaction (Pinna et al.,). The main purpose of this study was to assess, Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. To assess the Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to analyze patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services. A convenient sample of n=200 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 22. Independent “T “and ANOVA were applied to analyze the findings. According the findings of this study, only 26.5% of the study participants were poorly satisfied from the care of the hospitals while remaining 73.5% were highly satisfied from the hospital care. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients from nursing care at public and private hospitals. Overall result shows that the satisfaction level was satisfactory for majority of the study participants.

Globally there is an alarming situation where incidences of burn injury are very high. Every year approximately 265000 deaths are reported globally due to fire and burn related injuries and low income countries are affected the most. Worldwide statistics are such that in south East Asia (57%) deaths are reported due to burn injury, followed by Africa about 12%. The rate is lower in Eastern Mediterranean region which is about 11%. The main purpose of this study was, to assess the nurse’s practices related to aseptic techniques in management of burn patients at Jinnah Hospital and Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed. A convenient sample of n=75 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 60% said that there appropriate adequate sink-be available, 92% said that there is water and soap supply in the ward while 98.7% said that there are adequate surface disinfectant, 52% said that adequate shoe cover before procedure and 98.67% answers are adequate nurse preparation before procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurses practices related to aseptic techniques in burn patients, where very satisfactory practices were found.

Oral health enables an individual to speak, eat and socialize without active disease. Oral hygiene is the process of keeping oral free from pathological condition that affects gum disease, mouth ulcers and sores and cavities. Oral health affects the overall health of individuals, so it is very important to maintain oral hygiene. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral-health are considered to be important requirements for improving oral health. To determine oral hygiene experience among students and describe their level of oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of oral hygiene. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of students regarding oral hygiene. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period. Data was collected from 150 nursing students through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don’t meet the criteria wasnot be the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results suggest that there was satisfactory knowledge that is more than 80% of the study participants had knowledge about different knowledge based statements. The attitude and practices were some moderately around 50 to 60% of participants fall in this category. Overall knowledge was good but attitude and practices were low comparatively.

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare associated infection arising as the complication at intensive care units accounting for 80% of all hospital acquired infections .Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most commonly reported Health Associated Infections (HAIs) in the United States, accounting for 32% of all infections Weber, Sickbert-Bennett et al., 2011. Although many preventive measures and guidelines to prevent CAUTI exist in different health care setting. The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge and attitude of nurses towards the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection in the ICU’s of the public hospitals Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and attitude among Nurses. A convenient sample of n=160 was used to collect the data. A structured adopted questionnaire from knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses towards the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection in selected referral hospitals in rwanda was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted demographic variables, Knowledge and attitude of nurses about CAUTI among the nurses of the ICU at public hospitals Lahore. The findings reveals that majority of participants 48.75% were having moderate knowledge towards CAUTI prevention, having 48.13% poor knowledge and 3.13% having only good knowledge. However, attitude of nurses toward CAUTI prevention was 60% negative and 40% positive. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Overall knowledge is satisfactory however negative attitude needs much attention.

Nursing Process is a process used to prevent, identify and treat potential or actual health problems & promote wellness (Carlson, 2010). Regardless of nurse knowledge on nursing process, certain features limit the capability of nurses to implement it in their practice, including lesser time, patient volume high, patient turnover. To assess the Nurses‟ attitude towards the nursing process in a public tertiary care hospital Lahore. Cross-sectional descriptive design was used to evaluate the attitude of nurses towards nursing process among clinical nurses working in Mayo Hospital. Sample size was selected by convenient selection and a sample n=150 staff nurses from medical, surgical and emergency ward were selected. A well-structured questionnaire with closed ended Likert scale is adopted from the previous studies. “Nurses‟ Attitude to Nursing Process” Prideaux, 1991. This questionnaire was distributed among clinical nurses of medical, surgical and emergency ward in Mayo hospital. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21 is statistical computer software for data analysis. The findings reveals that majority of the participants 78.76% were having negative attitude towards the nursing process, having attitude score of 75% or above while 21.33% of the participants had positive attitude towards the nursing process and got attitude score of above 75% score. Overall the attitude of nurses was not positive and majority had negative attitude, which need special attention.

Renal failure is one of the most increasing issue and patient need to admit or enter in any care organization where care for the renal care or therapy are provided to the patients. The renal kidney failure patient’s kidney stopped working well and it is difficult for the patients to survive easily without dialysis (Weiser 2013). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the level of satisfaction regarding nursing care in dialysis centers LHR. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the satisfaction level of dialysis patients. A convenient sample of n=150 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. On the basis of this study results it is concluded that a questionnaire was used for the assessment of patient. It contains multiple questions about nurses and participants. According to these study results it shows that patient satisfaction with dialysis was high. Moreover patients were more satisfied if they provided information about dialysis procedure, nurses also give emotional support to the patient. Finally, questions were asked to the patients about their views on the care provided in the dialysis center. Most of the patients' had satisfied from nurse’s care provided in dialysis center. Patients were more satisfied if they provided information about dialysis procedure; nurses also give emotional support to the patient.

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection arising as complication at Intensive care units. It affects nearly 8-20% of the clients admitted at intensive care units and is 27% among the mechanically ventilated patients (Al Shameri). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge and practice of Ventilator associated Pneumonia prevention among nurses at PIC Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and practices among Nurses. A convenient sample of n=122was used to collect the data. A structured adopted questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted demographic variables, Knowledge of VAP and Practices of VAP among the nurses of the ICU at PIC Lahore. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Overall knowledge was satisfactory where 50% of the study participants had good knowledge and gave more than 80% correct responses about different aspects of the Ventilator Associated pneumonia prevention. 30.33% were satisfactory knowledge about the VAP prevention. Overall Practice result very good practices among 83% of the participants who were practicing 20 or more items out of 24 statements. 12.33% had satisfactory practices. Overall knowledge was satisfactory and practices were good among the nurses at PIC regarding ventilator associated Pneumonia.

Liver transplant is the corner for patients with end stage liver diseases. Posttransplant patients face many challenges including poor general health, physical inactivity and emotional problem. This article reviews studies that explored the impact of physical activity on health related quality of life (HRQOL) for post liver transplant patients. To collect evidence to supporting the relationship between physical activity and HRQOL for post liver transplant patients, a search of the PubMed, CINAHL, Psych Info, EbscoHost, Medline, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases was conducted using key phrases, including chronic liver disease, liver transplant, post liver transplant, liver transplant and physical activity, liver transplant and health-related quality of life. The main search parameters were studies written in English and those conducted between 2005 and 2014. The initial search resulted in 957 records. There were 246 duplicate records. These records were removed. Records were excluded if patients were pediatric, secondtime transplant recipients or receiving more than one organ transplant or if they had active infections. First records were excluded by screening the record titles; 453 records were excluded using this method. Next, records were excluded by screening the abstracts; 214 records were excluded using this method. Finally, records were excluded by screening the entire record text; an additional 37 records were excluded using this method.

Protein-Energy Malnutrition has been identified as a major public health and nutritional problem in India. It not only leads to childhood morbidity and mortality but also leads to impairment of physical and possibly of mental growth of those who survive. Protein-Energy Malnutritionis a most lethal form of malnutrition; children are its most visible victims of malnutrition. "The silent emergency is an accomplice in at least half of the 10.9 million deaths is there in each year. Protein-Energy Malnutrition is a global problem. Nearly 150 million children under 5 years in the world and 70 - 80 million in India suffer from protein-energy malnutrition, nearly 20 million in the world and 4 million suffer from severe forms of Protein-Energy Malnutrition like Kwashiorkor and Marasmus, Khokar. A et al., [5]. The study was based on Rosenstock’s and Becker’s health behaviour model. The data was collected by descriptive method, 150 mothers were selected from the urban slum area by simple random sampling technique. Data was collected by using structured interview schedule for a period of 4 weeks. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study findings revealed that the majority of mothers were illiterates. Hence there is a need to educate the mothers regarding correct feeding practices and that helps in. After the detailed analysis of this study shows that Nurses can adopt the health education module to educate the mothers about ProteinEnergy Malnutrition. They can impart the knowledge to the care givers regarding do's and don'ts of feeding practices which leads to the occurrence of Protein-Energy Malnutrition and can educate the mothers regarding prevention and control of Protein-Energy Malnutrition.

The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding pain management at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge of pain management among nurses. A convenient sample of n=170 was used to collect the information. The main instrument for Information was a structured questionnaire. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. The results showed that there is positive response of the respondent mean that nurses know about pain management. The result shows that if there is enough knowledge of the nurses about pain management they will increase patient comfort ability and decrease stress which is due to pain. And suggest that nurses administration must be develop the different strategies to create good strategies to enhance nurses‟ knowledge about pain management.

From the above medical crises it is strictly order to for the first fifteen minutes of the blood transfusion the nurse should stay with the patient to closely monitored c for any signs of adverse effects (Allan & and Bates 2004). The main purpose of the study is to assess the practices of blood transfusion among clinical nurses at a public tertiary care hospital Lahore. In this study across sectional descriptive design was used. The study was conducted at Mayo hospital at all the critical and other inpatients areas. A questionnaire adapted from thesis of Ebenezer tetteh (2015) “Knowledge and practice of blood transfusion among nurses in Ghana: experiences from the cape coast teaching hospital, this questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondent. Questionnaire consists of 2 parts first focusing on demo-graphic data of participant and second is lekert scale questionnaire which is based on practice data. Analysis of variables was done on SPSS 21. The overall practice results shown in the above table and graph reveals that there were no participants in the poor practice category. 63.56% of the participants had moderate practices having score of practice between 45 and 80 on a maximum score of 108. 36.44% of the study participants had good practices and scored above 80 score on a maximum of 108 practice total score. Majority of the participants was having moderate practices of Blood transfusion but there were no as such poor practices.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on quality of life among elderly regarding oral health. A quasi-experimental pre-test-andpost-test design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the geriatric social club in Zagazig City. A purposive sample of 75 elderly subjects who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Five tools were used in the present study; Tool I was a structured interview questionnaire to assess elderly’s demographic characteristics, medical history, oral health status, periodic examination of the mouth, dietary habits, and smoking habits, Tool II was elderly oral health knowledge structured interview questionnaire, Tool III was elderly oral self-care practices questionnaire and checklist, Tool IV was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) For Non –Dental Professional, and Tool V was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Short Version. The results revealed post-program statistically significant improvements in OHRQoL scores, oral health knowledge, oral self-care practices, and oral health assessment (p<0.001). The follow-up phase showed some declines, but still significantly higher compared with the pre- program levels (p<0.01). The educational program is effective in improving the elderly’s oral health related quality of life.

Occupational hazards are termed as workplace undesirable activities that can cause an injury or ill health among the health care workers at their work place Aluko et al., 2016. In discharging their duties, nurses encounter a variety of occupational health problems which may be categorized into biological, chemical, mechanical, and psychosocial hazards Manyele, Ngonyani, & Eliakimu, 2008. The main aim of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitude of clinical practicing nurses regarding occupational hazards at the selected hospital. A Descriptive Cross sectional design was used to assess the awareness of nurses regarding the occupational hazards and its management. A quantitative non experimental approach was applied. A sample n=200 registered nurses was drawn from the list of all registered nurses at Mayo Hospital Lahore through convenient sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was adopted from a previous study. The adopted questionnaire meets the basic purpose and objectives of this current study. All the questions were written and formulated simply. The data collection tool consists of closed ended questions with Yes and No for Knowledge and Likert scale of agreements and disagreements for Attitude. After the data categorized and entered in to the computer, it will be analyzed with the help of SPSS software (version 21). Religion and Knowledge of occupational hazards is having significant association (p value= .001). Furthermore Marital status of the participants is significantly associated with the knowledge and attitude towards the occupational hazards among nurses. The chi squire tests are having significant association (p value= .000) less than .05. Moreover Knowledge and attitude of occupational hazards showed a significant relationship with having Pearson chi square values (p values .000). In conclusion, the Knowledge ad attitude of occupational hazards was found to be associated with different factors such as Education, Marital status and religion etc.

The chest tube is used to restore the intra pleural pressure and to prevent the collapse of lungs. Chest tube management includes the actions to keep the tube functioning properly, which is the prime role of nurses while caring of patients with chest tube drainage Elfeky, 2013. The main objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge regarding chest drains care among staff nurses of Mayo hospital Lahore. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge regarding chest drains care. A Convenient sample technique was used in this research study. A sample of n=150 was recruited. The main instrument for Information was questionnaire adopted from the research (Danish Ruhel 2013). The questionnaires were divided into two sections. Section 1 comprised of demographic information of respondents; Section two consist of knowledge based questions. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. The results are shown below. The finding of this study shows that among the participants 24% had poor knowledge of chest drainage care and they answered 13 or less correct answers off the 23 questions being asked. 24% of the participants had moderate knowledge and scored 14-19 correct responses, while 40% of the study participants had good knowledge of drainage care and answered above 19 correct responses. Overall there was a satisfactory level of knowledge regarding the chest tube drainage care among nurses of the selected hospital in Lahore.