Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) has become an essential component of modern nursing education, offering learners realistic and risk-free⁠ environments to practice essential clinical and decision-making skills. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems and the growing emphasis on patient safety, nursing edu⁠cators are seeking innovative methods that effective⁠ly prepare students for real-world clinical challeng⁠es. Traditional Clinical Experience (TC⁠E), while historically the cornerstone of nursing training, presents several ch⁠allen⁠ges inclu⁠di⁠ng inconsistent patient exposure, ethical conc⁠erns, and variability in supervision. As a res⁠ult, educators have turned to SBL as a structured, e⁠videnc⁠e-⁠based approach that enhances clinical competence, self-efficacy, an⁠d professional readiness. The obje⁠ctive of this system⁠atic review was to critically evaluate and synthesize exist⁠ing rese⁠arch comparing simulation-based learning and traditional clinical experiences in improving nursing staff competencies. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the⁠ seven stages of knowledge synthesis in nursing science: form⁠ulating the research question, developing a data protocol, implementi⁠ng a ri⁠gorous search strategy, appraising study quality, extractin⁠g data, synthesizing evidence, and interpreting f⁠indings. Ele⁠ctronic databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for⁠ studies publi⁠shed between 2010 and 2024. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteri⁠a, encompassing a total of 1,676 participants. Results demonstrated that SBL produced superior⁠ or equivalent outcomes compared with TCE ac⁠ross the cognitive, affective⁠, and psychomotor domains. Specifically, simulation significantly improved students’ self-efficacy, confidenc⁠e, clinical judgment, and procedur⁠al accuracy. Quantitative synthesis revealed large e⁠ffect sizes favo⁠ring SBL for self-efficacy (SMD = 1.93), clinical perfo⁠rmance (SMD = 1.62), and confidence (SMD =⁠ 1.83). Additionally, qualitative finding⁠s highlighted that simulation enhanced learner engagement, reflective thinking, and perceived readiness for clinical practice. However, challenges related to cost, faculty training, and standa⁠r⁠dization of simulation protocols remain pers⁠istent barriers to w⁠idespread implementation. T⁠hi⁠s review concludes⁠ that sim⁠ulation⁠-based learning represents a pedagogically sound, effective, and safe educational strategy that bridges the longstanding gap between theory and practice in nursing education. It⁠s structured and controlled learning envi⁠ronment fosters meas⁠urable improvements in knowledge, skill performance,⁠ and confidence amo⁠ng nursi⁠ng students. Nevertheless, ongoing research is needed to establish standardized evaluation tools, assess lon⁠g-term outcomes, and ensur⁠e cost-effective scalability. The findings support the integration of simulation-based learning as a core com⁠ponent of nursing curricula, compleme⁠nting traditi⁠onal clinical exp⁠eriences to produce compet⁠ent, confident,⁠ a⁠nd patient-centered nursing professionals.

This study tiled “Fostering a Culture of Well-being and Civility: Pathways to Enhance Staff Retention and Improved Patient Outcomes in Nursing” aimed to explore how well-being and civility initiatives influence nurse engagement, retention, and patient outcomes within the Executive Nursing Affairs of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)-Ministry of Defense (MSD). Using a mixed methods descriptive correlational design, the study employed the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) bilingual (Englisg-Arabic) questionaire as the main research intrument to measure nurses’ perceptions of workplace well-being, civility, engagement, and retention. Institutional data from the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) covering 2022 to 2025 were also analyzed to validat the results and strengthen the interpretation. The findings revealed that PSMMC demosntates a strong commitment to fostering well-being and civility through effective recognition programs, empowerment opportunities, and initiatives promotion mutual respect. The extent of implementation of these initiatives was rated high (Mean=4.05), reflecting strong organizational support and leadership engagement. Nurse engagement and satisfaction were also moderately high (Mean=3.95), largely influenced by teamwork, morale, and professional fulfillment. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.74, p  0.05) between well-being and civility initiatives and staff retention. Regression analysis futher inidcated that improved well-being and civility significantly enhance patience outcomes (=0.62, p 0.05), particularly in quality of care and satisfaction. The results affirm PSMMC’s leadership excellence in nurturing a professional, respectful, and supportive nursing environment. Continuous evaluation, mentorship for newly hired nurses, and sustained recognition initiatives are recommended to strenghthen engagement and retention. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that cultivating a culture of well-being and civility is vital for promoting workforce stability and achieving excellence in patient care.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among women, significantly impacting their quality of life across psychological, social, and physical dimensions. Despite its prevalence, UI often goes untreated due to social stigma and limited awareness of available management strategies, including physiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness levels among pregnant women regarding UI and the role of physiotherapy in its prevention and management, with a focus on populations in Sudan and Egypt. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 75 pregnant women in Sudan and Egypt aged 15–49 years, selected using simple random sampling. Participants completed structured questionnaires covering demographic data, obstetric history, and knowledge about UI and physiotherapy. Data were analyzed manually using descriptive statistics. All necessary ethical approvals were obtained. Results: Findings showed that 56% of participants were aware of UI, however, only 5% had consulted a physiotherapist as noted by Parlas and Bilgic (2024), higher levels of UI knowledge are positively associated with attitudes toward management and help seeking, indicating that structured, evidence-based health education especially during antenatal care can bridge the gap between awareness and action. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant gap in awareness of physiotherapy as a preventive tool for UI among pregnant women. These results emphasize the need for targeted educational interventions and the integration of physiotherapy education into antenatal care programs.

Background: Major studies in this basis have addressed the ethical climate and ethical courage separately. Additionally in this pandemic era upto the best knowledge pf researcher there is no such study which is conducted on the moral courage and ethical climate present in the hospitals providing care to the corona patients. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the impact of ethical climate and moral courage among nurses caring for the corona patients in the public tertiary care hospitals in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in March to May 2021, on the nurses working in a public hospital and private tertiary care hospitals in Faisalabad. Sample size was 300 nurses. Written consent was taken from the participants. The data-collecting tool was a three-part questionnaire. The first part contains demographic information, second part consists of a questionnaire “Ethical climate of the hospital” by Olson in 1995, the third part included a moral courage questionnaire, which was designed by Sekerka et al. in 2009. All required permissions were taken from the authority and principle of confidentiality, beneficence, non- maleficence were observed. Results: Table 4 displayed the mean score of ethical climate and moral courage among nurses. The average score of the ethical climate among nurses was 2.3 which is between sometimes to often and moral courage mean score was 2.7 which mean that nurses got often chance to perform according to their moral value. Table 5 shows the ANOVA Test scores between the demographics and ethical climate and moral courage. Participants with higher educational levels and with more years of experience reported good ethical climate and shared more moral courage. The finding were insignificant with the marital status of the participant. Table 6 shared the correlation between ethical climate and moral courage. The relationship between ethical climate and moral courage is significant. This means that participants perceive that if there is more ethical climate in their practicing areas then they have more moral courage to practice good nursing values independently. Discussion: The results of this study also showed that the higher ethical climate score of the hospital lead to the more ethical virtue of courage in nurses. This will ultimately lead patients to better care and reduce the risk of physical, mental and mental harm to both patients and the health care provider. Therefore, nursing managers can use the operational features to improve ethical climate and ethical courage of nurses to get synergy between these two variables in order to achieve satisfaction, trust and confidence of patients in the nursing profession and health services organizations.

Background: Medically unnecessary cesarean Section is a persistent concern worldwide, exacerbating adverse health outcomes for maternals and infants. Furthermore, global data indicates high rates of cesarean births, exceeding the recommended levels (10-15%) set by the World Health Organization. Objective: This literature review aimed to examine the effects of cesarean Section on both the Maternal and Child, in comparison to vaginal delivery. Methods: This research was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the search engines MDPI, PubMed, and Semantic Scholar to identify articles published between 2016 and 2024. As part of the systematic review process, this yielded 599 studies; after screening and assessment, nine studies met the inclusion criteria. As part of the systematic analysis, the researchers examined study characteristics in terms of author, title, objective, sample design, sample size, data collection method, and outcomes. Results: The study showed that medically recommended cesarean Section reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Unnecessary and medically inadvisable cesarean Section affects both the Maternal and the child, or both. For moms, having a cesarean section raises the chances of having headaches, physical problems, hip pain, trouble doing everyday tasks, and trouble breastfeeding after the child is born. For in-fants, the effects include respiratory problems, obesity, abnormal behavioral characteristics, and recurrent illnesses. The risk of disrupted feeding and sleeping patterns has also been found to be lower among infants born by cesarean section compared to those born vaginally. Furthermore, the disparity in cesarean Section rates between private and public facilities highlights the influence of social, economic, and institutional factors Conclusion: The high rate of cesarean Section is influenced by complex medical, social, economic, cultural, and institutional factors. While cesarean Section is a life-saving intervention when medically indicated, cesarean Section when medically indicated poses significant health, psychological, and behavioral risks to both Maternals For infants, the effects include respiratory problems, obesity, abnormal behavioral characteristics, and recurrent illnesses. The risk of disrupted feeding and sleeping patterns has also been found to be lower among infants born by cesarean section compared to those born vaginally.

Background: The rapid advancement of telehealth technologies and their growing role in healthcare delivery-especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic-has underscored the urgent need to integrate telehealth competencies into nursing education. Despite this global shift, Saudi Arabia’s nursing curricula lack systematic telehealth training, creating a gap between healthcare needs and educational preparedness. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the integration of telehealth into nursing education in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia by assessing nurses' knowledge, attitudes, exposure, and educational preferences related to telehealth. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. A validated questionnaire adapted from Rettinger et al., (2024) was distributed via Google Forms to 100 Saudi nurses and nursing students holding a bachelor’s degree from Saudi institutions. The instrument assessed demographics, telehealth training experiences, perceived competencies, attitudes, and curricular preferences. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze responses. Results: The majority of participants rated their digital competence as good or very good (73%). While 81% expressed strong interest in telehealth for their profession, only about half had practical exposure to telehealth tools mainly through phone or video consultations. Participants preferred integrating telehealth as an elective or mandatory topic later in their academic progression. There was notable interest in practical content, such as technical skills, legal aspects, and device usage. Conclusion: Although the attitudes toward telehealth were overwhelmingly positive, the findings reveal a significant gap between the perceived importance of telehealth and the limited training provided. There is an evident need for structured, competency-based curricula that include simulation-based and Interprofessional learning experiences to ensure readiness for digitally enabled healthcare environments.

Febrile convulsions are the most common paroxysmal events in childhood and are a leading cause of emergency visits, frequently provoking fear, distress, and harmful home practices among caregivers. This study assessed mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding home management of febrile convulsions in under‑five children at Manna Mission Hospital and identified gaps to inform targeted educational interventions. A descriptive cross‑sectional hospital‑based study was conducted among 100 mothers who’s under‑five children were admitted with a diagnosis of febrile convulsion between 1 July and 31 August 2022. Data were collected using a structured interviewer‑administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 23 using descriptive statistics. Most participants were aged 20–39 years, and 70% had heard of febrile convulsions and believed they could be managed. Overall, mothers demonstrated generally adequate knowledge and predominantly positive attitudes; 92% agreed that febrile convulsions are a serious condition and 81% rated prescribed medications as very beneficial. In addition, 60% strongly agreed that every febrile child should be taken to a hospital. However, despite this favorable knowledge and attitude profile, 70% provided medically incorrect responses regarding specific home management actions, indicating substantial gaps in practical skills and reliance on inappropriate or potentially harmful practices. These findings reveal a critical knowledge–practice disconnect and underscore the need for structured, context‑appropriate, nurse‑led educational interventions focused on safe home recognition and first‑line management of febrile convulsions. Implementing and evaluating such interventions in Hospital could reduce preventable complications and improve child health outcomes in this vulnerable population.